• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

This study is to observe the meaning, aesthetic formative nature of the human body which has been not only a main issue and discussion object but also socially, culturally connected with clothing by contemplating it in the respect of the trend of art. Additionally, a work of contemplation about human body introduced to fashion design was analyzed to renew the meaning and value of the formative art inside the human body. The way and scope of this study is to contemplate the concept and meaning of human body, based on the documentary records such as art history and clothing history in the West society as a main theme. The results of the analysis were as follows: In the first place, the formative characteristics shown in the modem arts expressing the human body since 1990 which are cubism, futurism, metaphysical painting, dadaism, surrealism, pop art, happening, feminism, body art, and technology art are distortion, exaggeration and dismantling. Second, the aesthetic formative nature and meaning in the human body appear to be different according to the standard of ideal beauty of human body when we examine the expression of it from the aspect of art-history and the meaning of human body implied in it. Besides, human body is being used as a messenger which delivers the message of modem artist to other people. So the changed meaning of human body has affected the clothing and made it possible to manufacture and form new styles of clothing that have never been before. In conclusion, the human body in the modem era plays an important role as a brand-new formative medium of communication in the human society and contributes to the development which applies the aesthetic formative nature of the human body to fashion design.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2017

The Gaya Period is the period in which the nations of Gaya had existed in the Gimhae area. The term 'The Period of the Three Nations', which is widely used, is inappropriate because in ancient Korea, Gaya also existed besides Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. This term should be corrected for the accurate reconstruction of the history of ancient Korea. Of course, the term 'The Gaya Period' cannot replace 'The Period of the Three Nations'. It just means the period in which the nations of Gaya existed. The Gaya Period refers to the period of about 600 years from about the first century, in which several nations of Gaya began to appear in the Gyeongsangnamdo area, through the falls of Daegarak of Kimhae in 532 A.D. and Daegaya of Goryeong in 562. When doing this, there should be no distortion of the original form of the relics. With the application of traditional techniques and excellent relics, it is believed that it helps to create the high added values by putting culture and tourism together with the development of various designs of cultural goods. To suggest possibility of jewelry designs by completing protype from idea scatch.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.103-113
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• 2020

The Gaya Period is the period in which the nations of Gaya had existed in the Gimhae area. The term 'The Period of the Three Nations', which is widely used, is inappropriate because in ancient Korea, Gaya also existed besides Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. This term should be corrected for the accurate reconstruction of the history of ancient Korea. Of course, the term 'The Gaya Period' cannot replace 'The Period of the Three Nations'. It just means the period in which the nations of Gaya existed. The Gaya Period refers to the period of about 600 years from about the first century, in which several nations of Gaya began to appear in the Gyeongsangnamdo area, through the falls of Daegarak of Kimhae in 532 A.D. and Daegaya of Goryeong in 562. When doing this, there should be no distortion of the original form of the relics. With the application of traditional techniques and excellent relics, it is believed that it helps to create the high added values by putting culture and tourism together with the development of various designs of cultural goods. To suggest possibility of scarf designs by completing protype from idea scatch.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2018

The Gaya Period is the period in which the nations of Gaya had existed in the Gimhae area. The term 'The Period of the Three Nations', which is widely used, is inappropriate because in ancient Korea, Gaya also existed besides Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. This term should be corrected for the accurate reconstruction of the history of ancient Korea. Of course, the term 'The Gaya Period' cannot replace 'The Period of the Three Nations'. It just means the period in which the nations of Gaya existed. The Gaya Period refers to the period of about 600 years from about the first century, in which several nations of Gaya began to appear in the Gyeongsangnamdo area, through the falls of Daegarak of Kimhae in 532 A.D. and Daegaya of Goryeong in 562. When doing this, there should be no distortion of the original form of the relics. With the application of traditional techniques and excellent relics, it is believed that it helps to create the high added values by putting culture and tourism together with the development of various designs of cultural goods. To suggest possibility of necktie designs by completing protype from idea scatch.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1325-1348
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• 2015

Real-time hybrid testing (RTHT) involves virtual splitting of the structure into two parts: physical substructure that contains the key region of interest which is tested in a laboratory and numerical substructure that contains the remaining part of the structure in the form of a numerical model. This paper numerically assesses four step-by-step integration methods (Central difference method (CDM), Operator splitting method (OSM), Rosenbrock based method (RBM) and CR-integration method (CR)) which are widely used in RTHT. The methods have been assessed in terms of stability and accuracy for various realistic damping ratios of the physical substructure. The stability is assessed in terms of the spectral radii of the amplification matrix while the accuracy in terms of numerical damping and period distortion. In order to evaluate the performance of the methods, five carefully chosen examples have been studied - undamped SDOF, damped SDOF, instantaneous softening, instantaneous hardening and hysteretic system. The performance of the methods is measured in terms of a non-dimensional error index for displacement and velocity. Based on the error indices, it is observed that OSM and RBM are robust and performs fairly well in all the cases. CDM performed well for undamped SDOF system. CR method can be used for the system showing softening behaviour. The error indices indicate that accuracy of OSM is more than other method in case of hysteretic system. The accuracy of the results obtained through time integration methods for different damping ratios of the physical substructure is addressed in the present study. In the presence of a number of integration methods, it is preferable to have criteria for the selection of the time integration scheme. As such criteria are not available presently, this paper attempts to fill this gap by numerically assessing the four commonly used step-by-step methods.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

The effects of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the superconducting critical temperature ($T_c$) and critical current density ($J_c$) of YBCO films were studied. The YBCO thin films were irradiated using a KAERI EB accelerator with an energy of 0.2 MeV and a dose of $10^{15}-10^{16}e/cm^2$. A small $T_c$ decrease and a broad superconducting transition were observed as the EB dose increased. The value of $J_cs$ (at 20 K, 50 K and 70 K) increased at doses of $7.5{\times}10^{15}$ and $2.2{\times}10^{16}e/cm^2$. However, $J_cs$ decreased as the dose increased further. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the c axis of YBCO was elongated and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) increased as the dose increased, which is strong evidence of the atomic displacement by EB irradiation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the amorphous layer formed in the vicinity of the surfaces of the irradiated films. The amorphous phase was often present as an isolated form in the interior of the films. In addition to the formation of the amorphous phase, many striations running along the a-b direction of YBCO were observed. The high magnification lattice image showed that the striations were stacking faults. The enhancement of $J_c$ by EB irradiation is likely to be due to the lattice distortion and the formation of defects such as vacancies and stacking faults. The decrease in $J_c$ at a high EB dose is attributed to the extension of the amorphous region of a non-superconducting phase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 2014

This paper describes a fabrication multiplexing sensor probe that employs a fiber Bragg grating(FBG) based on multiple measurements to determine the blade deflection of a wind power generator the reliability analysis of this probe is also presented. To diminish the temperature sensitivity of the FBG sensor, we form multiple CFRPs onto the upper and lower layers of the FBG and package it with an epoxy resin. As a result, the depth of the CFRP is 1mm, and the temperature sensitivity is $2.39pm/^{\circ}C$. We construct a sensor network utilizing the fabricated sensor with a blade beam model. As the number of pendulums is increased on the fore-end of the beam, the strain value is measured. The strain variation is calculated from the measurement of the load on the blade beam model by monitoring the strain of the FBG sensor. When the linear equation is applied, the strain error is 0.4% and when the finite difference method is used, the tip deflection error is 3.3%. The displacement error derived from the strain value of the FBG sensor is 4.39%. The calculated result between the measured value of the dead-end of the beam and the strain is less than 2.46% tip distortion error. Therefore, our proposed multiplexing sensor probe is a low-cost and high-reliability solution for a commercial wind power generator.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.212-219
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• 2004

Three isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from lily plants showing mosaic and distortion symptoms were detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers specific to Cucumovirus genus namely, LK-CMV, LK4-CMV, and LKS-CMV. Restriction enzymes patterns of the RT-PCR products revealed that the lily isolates belonged to subgroup IA of CMV. In terms of biological properties, the lily isolates have highly similar but distinct pathogenicity as reported in other lily strains and ordinary strains of CMV. To characterize the molecular properties, cDNAs containing coat protein (CP) gene and 3' non-coding region (NCR) of RNA3 for the isolates were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The CP similarity (218 amino acids) was highly homologous (>97％) with that of subgroup I CMV strains. However, an additional 20-nulcleotide long segment was only present in 3' NCR of lily isolates, which form an additional stem-loop RNA structure. By using chimeric construct exchange cDNA containing 3'NCR of LK-CMV into the full-length cDNA clone of RNA3 of Fny-CMV, this additional segment may prove to be significant in the identification and fitness of the virus in lily plants. The pathology of zucchini squash infected by F1F2L3-CMV, a pseudorecombinant virus was showed to change drastically the severe mosaic and stunting symptom into a mild chlorotic spot on systemic leave, compared with Fny-CMV. To delimit the sequence of RNA3 affected the pathology, various RNA3 chimeras were constructed between two strains of CMV. The symptom determinants of F1F2L3-CMV were mapped to the positions amino acid 234, 239, and 250 in 3a movement protein (MP). RNA3 chimeras changed the sequences encoding three amino acids were resulted in alteration of systemic symptom.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.366-381
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• 2020

Steganography has been successfully employed in various applications, e.g., copyright control of materials, smart identity cards, video error correction during transmission, etc. Deep learning-based steganography models can hide information adaptively through network learning, and they draw much more attention. However, the capacity, security, and robustness of the existing deep learning-based steganography models are still not fully satisfactory. In this paper, three models for different cases, i.e., a basic model, a secure model, a secure and robust model, have been proposed for different cases. In the basic model, the functions of high-capacity secret information hiding and extraction have been realized through an encoding network and a decoding network respectively. The high-capacity steganography is implemented by hiding a secret image into a carrier image having the same resolution with the help of concat operations, InceptionBlock and convolutional layers. Moreover, the secret image is hidden into the channel B of carrier image only to resolve the problem of color distortion. In the secure model, to enhance the security of the basic model, a steganalysis network has been added into the basic model to form an adversarial network. In the secure and robust model, an attack network has been inserted into the secure model to improve its robustness further. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed secure model and the secure and robust model have an overall better performance than some existing high-capacity deep learning-based steganography models. The secure model performs best in invisibility and security. The secure and robust model is the most robust against some attacks.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1669-1678
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• 2011

Six new binuclear copper(II) complexes have been prepared by template condensation of the dialdehydes 1,8-[bis(3-formyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl)benzyl]-l,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (PC-a) and 1,8-[bis(3-formyl-2-hydroxy-5-bromo)benzyl]-l,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (PC-b) with appropriate aliphatic diamines, and copper(II) perchlorate. The structural features of the complexes have been confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis and mass spectra etc. The electrochemical behavior of all the copper(II) complexes show two irreversible one electron reduction process. The room temperature magnetic moment studies depict the presence of an antiferromagnetic interaction in the binuclear complexes. The catechol oxidation and hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenylphosphate were carried out by using the complexes as catalyst. The antimicrobial screening data show good results. The binding of the complexes to calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) has been investigated with absorption and emission spectroscopy. The complex [$Cu_2L^{1a}$] displays significant cleavage property of circular plasmid pBR322 DNA in to linear form. Spectral, electrochemical, magnetic and catalytic studies support the distortion of the copper ion geometry that arises as the macrocyclic ring size increases.