• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.48-50
• /
• 2016

Various tests to help in the clinical diagnosis of distal biceps tendon ruptures have been described. In our experience these tests are painful in the acute setting. We suggest a simple alternative test wherein the biceps muscle belly is held by the examiner and translated medially and laterally. This is done with the forearm flexed to 90 degrees. It is first performed with the biceps relaxed and subsequently performed with the forearm flexed against resistance. In the relaxed forearm the biceps easily translates over 50% of its width. When placed under tension (by flexing against resistance) this translation is significantly reduced. In cases of complete distal biceps tendon rupture, the biceps still translates, even under resisted flexion of the forearm. This simple test is less painful than other described tests, is easy to perform, and aids in clinical diagnosis of distal biceps tendon ruptures.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.222-230
• /
• 2023

Background: Distal biceps tendon repairs are commonly performed using open techniques. A minimally invasive distal biceps tendon repair technique using a speculum and hooded endoscope was developed to improve visualization, reduce soft-tissue dissection, and minimize complications. This paper describes the technique and reports the outcomes of 75 minimally invasive distal biceps tendon repairs. Methods: The operation reports and outcomes of 75 patients who underwent distal biceps tendon repair using this technique between 2011 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Median time to follow-up was 12 months (interquartile range [IQR], 6-56 months). Primary outcomes were function as measured by the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (DASH) questionnaire, and rate of complications. Median DASH score was 1.7 of 100 (IQR, 0-6.8). There were 2 of 75 (2.7%) re-ruptures of the distal tendon. There were no cases of vascular injury, proximal radius fracture, or posterior interosseous nerve, median, or ulnar nerve palsy. Conclusions: In this series, minimally invasive distal biceps repair was safe and effective with a low rate of major complications. Recovery of function, as indicated by low DASH scores, was satisfactory, and inconvenience during recovery was minimized. Level of evidence: IV.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.260-266
• /
• 2023

Background: Knowledge of the base rate of signal changes consistent with distal biceps tendinopathy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to influence strategies for diagnosis and treatment of people that present with elbow pain. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of distal biceps tendon signal changes on MRIs of the elbow by indication for imaging. Methods: MRI data for 1,306 elbows were retrospectively reviewed for mention of signal change in distal biceps tendon. The reports were sorted by indication. Results: Signal changes consistent with distal biceps tendinopathy were noted in 197 of 1,306 (15%) patients, including 34% of patients with biceps pain, 14% of patients with unspecified pain, and 8% of patients with a specific non-biceps indication. Distal biceps tendon changes noted on radiology reports were associated with older age, male sex, and radiologists with musculoskeletal fellowship training. Conclusions: The finding that distal biceps MRI signal changes consistent with tendinopathy are common even in asymptomatic elbows reduces the probability that symptoms correlate with pathology on imaging. The accumulation of signal changes with age, also independent of symptoms, suggests that tendon pathology persists after symptoms resolve, that some degree of distal biceps tendinopathy is common in a human lifetime, and that tendinopathy may often be accommodated without seeking care. Level of evidence: IV.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.93-97
• /
• 2021

Background: Injection therapy around the distal biceps tendon insertion is challenging. This therapy may be indicated in patients with a partial distal biceps tendon tear, bicipitoradial bursitis and tendinopathy. The primary goal of this study was to determine the accuracy of manually performed injections without ultrasound guidance around the biceps tendon. Methods: Seven upper limb specialists, two general orthopedic specialists, and three orthopedic surgical residents manually injected a cadaver elbow with acrylic dye using an anterior and a lateral infiltration approach. After infiltration the cadaveric elbows were dissected to determine the location of the acrylic dye. Results: In total, 79% of the injections were localized near the biceps tendon. Of these injections, 20% were localized on the radius near the bicipitoradial bursa. In total, 53% of the performed infiltrations were injected by anterior and 47% by lateral approaches. Of the injections near the distal biceps (79%), 47% were injected by an anterior and 53% by a lateral approach. Of the injections on the radius (20%), 33% were injected by anterior and 67% by lateral approach. Of the inaccurate injections (21%), 75% were injected anterior and 25% lateral. Conclusions: Manual infiltration without ultrasound guidance for distal biceps pathology lacks accuracy. We therefore recommend ultrasound guidance for more accurate infiltration.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2018

Background: The study of conservative and surgical treatment of distal biceps tendinopathy and associated biceps tendon partial rupture. Methods: Twenty-one cases with distal biceps tendonitis and partial ruptures were studied who visited Pohang Semyeong Christianity Hospital from June 2010 to August 2017. The mean age was 57.1 years (39-69 years), 14 males and 7 females. The mean duration of symptom at the time of first visit was 4.9 months (0.2-14 months). Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed for patients with severe symptoms. According to the severity of the symptoms, splint immobilization, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and ultrasound-guided steroid injection were performed. Surgical treatment was performed if the patient did not respond to conservative treatment for 3 to 6 months or longer. Results: There were 9 cases of partial rupture of the distal biceps tendon associated with distal biceps tendinopathy on imaging studies. Conservative treatment showed symptomatic improvement in 16 of 21 cases. In 4 cases with a relatively mild symptom, anti-inflammatory analgesics and intermittent splinting showed good result. In 12 cases, symptoms improved after ultrasonography-guided steroid injection. Surgical treatment was performed on 5 cases that did not respond to conservative treatment. Conclusions: Conservative treatment of distal biceps tendinopathy may promise good results. However, in case of partial tear of the distal biceps tendon and refractory to conservative treatment, surgical treatment may be needed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2022

Background: Distal biceps rupture is a relatively uncommon injury that can significantly affect quality of life. Early complications following biceps tendon repair are not well described in the literature. This study utilizes a national surgical database to determine the incidence of and predictors for short-term complications following distal biceps tendon repair. Methods: The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients undergoing distal biceps repair between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2017. Patient demographic variables of sex, age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, functional status, and several comorbidities were collected for each patient, along with 30-day postoperative complications. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate risk ratios for these complications using patient predictor variables. Results: Early postoperative surgical complications (0.5%)-which were mostly infections (0.4%)-and medical complications (0.3%) were rare. A readmission risk factor was diabetes (risk ratio [RR], 4.238; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.180-15.218). Non-home discharge risk factors were smoking (RR, 3.006; 95% CI, 1.123-8.044) and ≥60 years of age (RR, 4.150; 95% CI, 1.611-10.686). Maleness was protective for medical complications (RR, 0.024; 95% CI, 0.005-0.126). Surgical complication risk factors were obese class II (RR, 4.120; 95% CI, 1.123-15.120), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; RR, 21.981; 95% CI, 3.719-129.924), and inpatient surgery (RR, 8.606; 95% CI, 2.266-32.689). Conclusions: Complication rates after distal biceps repair are low. Various patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and surgical factors were all predictive of short-term complications.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.158-161
• /
• 2018

Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) is an autosomal dominant disorder manifested by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. Although the lesions are benign in nature, exostoses are often associated with characteristic progressive skeletal deformity and displaying clinical symptoms such as mechanical irritation or impingement. We present the successful arthroscopic resection in a 24-year-old HME male with impingement syndrome and long head tendon tear of the biceps caused by osteochondroma arising from the distal clavicle.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.366-372
• /
• 2023

Background: There is minimal literature on the morphology of partial distal biceps tendon (DBT) tears. We sought to investigate tear morphology by retrospectively reviewing 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3T MRI) scans of elbows with partial DBT tears and to propose a basic classification system. Methods: 3T MRI scans of elbows with partial DBT tears were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced observers. Basic demographic data were collected. Tear morphology was recorded including type, presence of retraction (>5 mm), and presence of discrete long-head and short-head tendons at the DBT insertion. Results: For analysis, 44 3T MRI scans of 44 elbows with partial DBT tears were included. There were 9 isolated long-head tears (20%), 13 isolated short-head tears (30%), 2 complete long-head tears with a partial short-head tear (5%), 5 complete short-head tears with a partial long-head tear (11%), and 15 peel-off tears (34%). Retraction was seen in 5 or 44 partial tears (11%), and 13 of the 44 DBTs were bifid tendons at the insertion (30%). Conclusions: Partial DBT tears can be classified into five sub-types: long-head isolated tears, short-head isolated tears, complete long-head tears with partial short-head involvement, complete short-head tears with partial long-head involvement, and peel-off tears. Classification of tears may have implications for operative and non-operative management. Level of evidence: III.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 2012

다양한 이두근 건고정술이 시행되고 있어서, 문헌들의 결과를 단순 비교하기 어렵게 만든다. 이두근 장두의 건고정술은 첫째로, 시술을 관혈적 절개를 통하여 시행하는가 또는 관절경을 이용한 방법으로 시행하는가로 구분해 볼 수 있다. 두 번째로는, 이두건 자체를 고정하는 주변 조직에 따라서 연부 조직 건고정술과 골 고정술로 나눌 수 있다. 세 번째로는, 고정하는 위치에 따라 근위부와 원위부로 구분할 수 있다. 네 번째로는, 건 고정술에 기구(간섭 나사, 봉합 나사, 비매듭 봉합 나사 등)를 사용하는 가에 따라서 구분해 볼 수 있다. 적절한 고정력이 어느 정도인지 밝혀지기까지는 단정적인 결론은 보류되어야 한다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2009

목적: 원위부 이두박근 파열의 치료 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1987년 2월부터 2004년 3월까지 이두박근 원위부 파열로 치료를 받은 16명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 전례 남자였으며, 평균 연령은 33.9세였다. 9례(56%)에서는 수술적 치료를 시행하였다. 수술 시기는 수상 후 평균 4.7일이었다. 수술은 모두 파열된 원위부 이두박근을 해부학적으로 복원해주었다. 평가는 술 후 1년째에, 보존적인 치료를 시행 받았던 환자는 전화 인터뷰를 통하여 이두박근 근력, 환자의 만족도, 직업의 복귀 등에 대하여 조사하였다. 결과: 수술적인 치료를 시행 받았던 9례에서는 주관절의 굴곡-신전 운동범위와 회외-회내전 운동 범위는 각각 건측의 85.8%, 86.3%를 보였고, 이두박근 근력은 건측의 75%로 측정되었다. 주관적인 만족도는 8례에서 매우 만족, 1례에서 매우 불만족의 결과를 보였으며, 9례 중 8례는 예전의 직업으로 복귀하였다. 보존적 치료를 시행 받았던 예에서는 이두박근 근력은 수상 전 근력의 65%를 보였고, 환자의 주관적인 만족도는 4례에서 만족, 2례에서 불만족, 1례에서 매우 불만족의 결과를 보였다. 7례 중 3례에서만 기존의 직업으로 복귀할 수 있었다. 결론: 조기 해부학적 복원술은 이두박근의 근력과 주관절의 굴곡, 회외전 범위를 최대한 회복 시 킬 수 있는 효과적인 방법이다. 젊고 활동력이 높은 환자에서는 가급적 보존적 치료 보다는 수술적 치료를 시행해야만 한다.