• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.697-698
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• 2002

The dispersion of an aerosol bolus in acinus is analyzed numerically. Model geometry is a straight duct surrounded by an axisymmetric semicircular annulus which is expanding or contracting with breathing. Unsteady Wavier-Stokes equation is solved by CFX-F3D, an FVM commercial code and the trajectory of massless particle Is computed by Lagrangian method. For steady flow with no wall motion, mean velocity of aerosol bolus in alveolated duct is a little smaller than that in straight duct and dispersion in alveolated duct is comparable with the dispersion in straight tube. For expanding duct mean velocity of aerosol bolus approaches half of that in straight tube and effective diffusivity is smaller than that of straight tube. For contracting duct mean velocity of aerosol bolus becomes slightly larger than that in straight tube and effective diffusivity is comparable with the case of straight tube.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권44호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1997

We investigate both of central and dispersion tendencies of the observed test statistics in control charts in order to judge whether a production process is abnormal or not. In order to do it, first, we study about detection of changes of the population mean as a central tendency The $\bar{x}$ and x control charts are used for detecting the change of the population mean $\mu$. We shows the probability detecting the change of population mean using the $\bar{x}$ and x control charts. Secondly, we study about detection of changes of the population standard deviation as a dispersion tendency in the s control chart. In our studies, for the given several parameters the detection probabilities of changes of central and dispersion tendencies are calculated, the necessary sample size values n are suggested for detecting the changes, and their informations are given as various tables.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 과산포 혼합 모형인 음이항 분포와 베타이항 분포에서 피어슨 형태 및 데비 언스 형태의 분산치 교정에 대한 효과를 수리적으로 비교했다. 이들 과산포 혼합 모형은, 평 균과 분산을 동시에 모형화 하는데 매우 유용한 준우도함수의 중요한 구성원이다. 모의실험 을 통해서 분산치의 교정이 평균, 산포모수에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 비교 연구하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.12-19
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• 1996

Urban parks, as remnant patches, of two older cities and two new towns can be analyzed by a landscape ecological approach. The index of patch shape, the dispersion of patches, the mean edge length, and the mean patch size of parks of each city are ocmpared. The findings of this study are as follows : 1) The mean edge length of urban parks of older cities is longer than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>Bundang>Ansan. 2) The mean patch size of urban parks in Seoul is much greater than those of other cities : Seoul> Ansan>Suwon>Bundang. 3) The index of patch shape of urban parks of older cities is greater than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>BundangAnsan. 4) The dispersion of patches is in the order of Bundang >Ansan>Seoul>Suwon. The new towns have relatively even distributions of urban parks than older cities. Further research is required to find out the relationship between the index of patch shape and patch interior dynamics.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2022

One common method to select input ground motions to predict dynamic behavior of structures subjected to seismic excitation requires spectral acceleration (S_a) match target mean response spectrum. However, dispersion of ground motions, which explicitly affects the structural response, is rarely discussed in this method. Generally, selecting ground motions matching target mean and variance has been utilized as an appropriate method to predict reliable seismic response. The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of target spectra variance of ground motions on structural seismic response. Two sets of ground motions with different target variances (zero variance and minimum variance larger than inherent variance of the target spectrum) are selected as input to two different structures. Structural responses at different heights are compared, in terms of peak, mean and dispersion. Results show that increase of target spectra variance tends to increase peak floor acceleration, peak deformation and dispersions of response of interest remarkably. To short-period structures, dispersion increase ratios of seismic response are close to that of S_a of input ground motions at the first period. To long-period structures, dispersions of floor acceleration and floor response spectra increase more significantly at the bottom, while dispersion increase ratios of IDR and deformation are close to that of S_a of input ground motions at the first period. This study could further provide useful information on selecting appropriate ground motion to predict seismic behavior of different types of structures.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.195-209
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• 1997

일반화 선형모형의 범위를 크게 확장한 준-우도 모형에서 반응변수의 분산성분인 산포모수가 상수가아니라 어떤 공변량들의 값에 의존하여 변하는 경우, 평균과 산포의 동시 모형화가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 준-우도 모형에서 평균과 산포의 동시 모형화를 통해 실제 자료를 쉽게 분석하도록 해주는 통계 패키지 GENSTAT(release 5.3.2, 1996)을 활용하여, Carrol과 Ruppert(1987,pp.46-47)에 의해 소개된 에스테르 분해효소 (esterase assay)의 자료에 대해 그래픽 방법을 이용한 모형검토를 통해서 기존의 평균모형 보다는 평균과 산포의 동시 모형화를 고려해야 하는 필요성을 언급한 뒤, 그 자료에 대한 적절한 평균과 산포의 동시 모형을 찾는 방법을 연구한다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2000

Carroll과 Ruppert(1988)는 준가능도(quasi-likelihood)를 이용하여 에스트라제 측정자료를 회귀분석하였다. Jung과 Lee(1997)는 준가능도을 이용한 회귀분석모형의 적합도정통계량을 제안하였으며 검정 별과 기각되지 않아 본 분석모형이 타당하다고 주장하였다. 그러나 Lee와 Nelder(1998)의 잔차그림을 검토한 결과, 상기 모형으로는 평균증가에 따른 분산증가를 충분히 반영할 수 없었다. 본 논문에서는 Lee와 Nelder(1998)의 평균과 분산의 동시모형으로 에스트라제 자료를 재분석하고 잔차그림을 이용하여 모형의 타당성을 재평가하였다. 또한 분산에서 산포모형에 대한 적합도검정에는 Lee와 Nelder(1998)의 제한가능도(restricted likelihood)에 근거한 검정법이 보다 적절함을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.805-809
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• 2006

In this paper a shrinkage estimator for the measure of dispersion of the inverse Gaussian distribution with known mean is proposed. Also we compare the relative bias and relative efficiency of the proposed estimator with respect to minimum variance unbiased estimator.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2009

In this paper we propose an electronic domain timing phase selection scheme for the optical communication systems suffering from inter-symbol-interference (ISI) distortion due to chromatic dispersion (CD) or polarization mode dispersion (PMD). In the presence of CD/PMD a proper timing phase selection is important for discrete time domain equalizers, since different timing phases produce different nonlinear ISI channels of different severity. The proposed timing phase recovery scheme based on dispersion minimization (DM) practically approximates the optimal minimum mean squared error (MMSE) timing phase without training signals which reduces overall throughput substantially, especially in time-varying channels such as PMD. The simulation results show that the proposed DM timing agrees with MMSE timing phase, under proper normalization of the received signals, for various dispersion and OSNR.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2008

In this paper, a new scheme to calculate the weighting factor of the 2-D isotropic-dispersion finite difference time domain(ID-FDTD) is proposed. The weighting factor in [1] was formulated in free space, so that it may not be optimal in dielectric media. Therefore, the weighting factor was reformulated by considering the material properties and using the least mean square method. As a result, a minimum numerical dispersion error for any dielectric media is guaranteed.