• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.8A
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• pp.735-744
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• 2006

In this paper, the optimum pump light powers of optical phase conjugator(OPC) are numerically investigated as a function of amplifier spacing in 1,200 km $8{\times}40$ Gbps WDM systems with 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 ps/nm/km dispersion coefficient. It is confirmed that the variation of optimal pump light power dependence on amplifier spacing for NRZ transmission system is smaller than that for RZ transmission system through the evaluations and analysis of eye opening penalty(EOP) characteristics. And, in both cases of NRZ and RZ transmission, the variation of optimal pump light power is more increased as amplifier spacing becomes longer. Additionally, it is confirmed that the best amplifier spacing in NRZ and RZ transmission system is 50 km.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

In this paper, an efficient means to estimate the dispersion characteristics of active FSS (or ESS) is presented. We numerically investigate the effective permittivity and the transmission coefficient of 2D metal-fiber composites using linear-lumped impedance loading. We modify the GEC method which is applied to 2D fiber composite material with arbitrary fiber orientation. We show that by varying the impedance value it is possible to control the resonance frequency of the array as well as the bandwidth.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

In this study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite films containing various content of GO were prepared using solution casting method. The effect of GO content on Young's modulus and dispersion of GO in PHBV matrix was investigated. Also, the thermomechanical properties, oxygen transmission rates and hydrolytic degradation of PHBV/GO nanocomposite films were studied. The addition of GO into PHBV improves the Young's modulus and decreases thermal expansion coefficient. The improvement can be mainly attributed to good dispersion of GO and interfacial interactions between PHBV and GO. Furthermore, PHBV/GO nanocomposite films show good oxygen barrier properties. PHBV/GO nanocomposites show lower hydrolytic degradation rates with increasing content of GO.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1235-1241
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• 2012

Aluminium (Al)-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films with different Al concentrations were prepared by the solgel spin-coating method. Optical parameters such as the optical band gap, absorption coefficient, refractive index, dispersion parameter, and optical conductivity were studied in order to investigate the effects of the Al concentration on the optical properties of AZO thin films. The dispersion energy, single-oscillator energy, average oscillator wavelength, average oscillator strength, and refractive index at infinite wavelength of the AZO thin films were found to be affected by Al incorporation. The optical conductivity of the AZO thin films also increases with increasing photon energy.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.824-834
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• 1999

Characteristics of two-phase flow and heat transfer were numerically investigated in a submerged gas injection system when temperature of the injected gas was different from that of the liquid. The Eulerian approach was used for both the continuous and dispersed phases. The turbulence in the liquid phase was modeled using the standard $k-\varepsilon$$\varepsilon$ turbulence model. The interphase friction and heat transfer coefficient were calculated from the correlations available in the literature. The turbulent dispersion of the phases was modeled by a "dispersion Prandtl number". In the case with heat transfer where the temperature of the injected gas is higher than the mean liquid temperature, the axial and the radial velocities are lower in comparison with the case of homogeneous temperatures. The results in the present research are of interest in the design and operation of a wide variety of material and chemical processes.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2006

We have demonstrated a highly sensitive temperature sensor using an etched single mode fiber with a thermally expanded core region. Large core size of thermally expanded core facilitates access to evanescent wave by the wet etching. The etched region was surrounded by a low dispersive external medium with high thermo-optic coefficient. Due to the large difference between the dispersion property of the fiber and that of the external medium, the device reveals a cut-off properties at spectral region. The cut-off wavelength was shifted by the variations of the environmental temperatures because of thermo-optic effect of the external medium. The sensitivity of the fabricated device was found to be $45nm/^{\circ}C$.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2014

Groundwater contamination is seeking a lot of attention due to constant degradation of water by landfills and waste lagoons. In many cases heterogeneous soil system is encountered and hence, a finite element model is developed to solve the advection-dispersion equation for layered soil system as FEM is a robust tool for modelling problems of heterogeneity and complex geometries. Recently developed Meshfree methods have advantage of eliminating the mesh and construct approximate solutions and are observed that they perform effectively as compared to conventional FEM. In the present study, both FEM and Meshfree method are used to simulate phenomenon of contaminant transport in one dimension. The results obtained are agreeing with the values in literature and hence the model is further used for predicting the transport of contaminants. Parametric study is done by changing the dispersion coefficient, average velocity, geochemical reactions, height of leachate and height of liner for obtaining suitability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.651-660
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• 2016

This study analyzed the contribution of the national economy, China's textile industry by 2010 I-O Table issued by the Chinese Bureau of Statistics 2013. The results shows that the production inducement coefficient of China's textile industry is the column total 3.6228 and in line total 3.5452, is a key industry that leads the industry in China. Second, the index of the power of dispersion of the Chinese textile industry is 1.1982, index of the sensitivity of dispersion is 1.1725. Third, income inducement coefficient of China's textile industry 0.5228, tax inducement coefficient 0.1522, a value-added inducement coefficient 1. Especially China's textile industry induce 2993.6 trillion yuan(textile industry of 8.6 trillion yuan, up 3.0%) in the national production, value-added inducement 97.1 trillion yuan (textile industry 1.7 trillion yuan, up 2.0%), income inducement 42.8 trillion yuan (textile industry 0.9 one trillion yuan, 2.0%), also tax inducement 15.4 trillion yuan (textile industry 0.3 one trillion yuan, 2.0%).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5A
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• pp.473-483
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• 2004

In this paper, we numerically investigated the optimum pump light power best compensating for pulse distortion due to both chromatic dispersion and self phase modulation (SPM) as a function of channel input power in 8 channel ${\times}$ 40 Gbps wavelength division multiplexing (WDM systems. Also we investigated the allowable maximum channel input power dependence on modulation format and fiber dispersion coefficient in the various pump light power of OPC. The considered WDM transmission system is based on path-averaged intensity approximation (PAIA) mid-span spectral inversion (MSSI) compensation method, which has highly-nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber (HNL-SDF) as nonlinear medium of optical phase conjugator (OPC) in the mid-way of total transmission line. We confirmed that optimal pump light power of HNL-DSF OPC depend on modulation format, initial channel input power, total transmission length and fiber dispersion. But optimal pump light power of HNL-DSF OPC must be selected to make power conversion ratio to almost unity. And we confirmed that, if we allow a 1 dB eye opening penalty (EOP), the tolerable maximum channel input power is increased by using RZ than NRZ as modulation format when pump light power of HNL-DSF OPC is not optimal value but another values.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2010

The laboratory column experiments were used to transport of metal elements by infiltration-related dispersion and/or diffusion in mine tailing of the Guryong gold mine. The mine tailing shows the neutral pH (for a pore water) and contains quartz, chlorite, pyrite and calcite. Both a non-reactive solute ($Cl^-$ of 100 mg $L^{-1}$) and a reactive solute (1N HCl), were injected continuously through columns. The breakthrough curve in the non-reactive experiment reached at a maximum under 1.5 pore volumes (PV). The longitudinal dispersion (0.607 cm) and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient ($1.96{\times}10^{-7}cm^{2}sec^{-1}$) were calculated by the slope. In the reactive experiment, the plateau curve was appeared in the pH values of 5.3, 4.5 and 1.7. The releases of metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were observed to be related to the pH buffering. High concentrations of Mn, Cd and Zn were observed at the first pH plateau (4 PV and pH 5.3), whereas Fe, Cu, Al and Pb were released as the pH decreased to 4.0 or less. The resulting order of metals mobility, based on the effluent water, is Mn=Cd>Zn>Cu>Fe>Al>Pb.