• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9879-9884
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• 2014

Aim: The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of the published literature to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET, PTE/CT, MRI and scintigraphy for multiple myeloma related bone disease. Methods: Through a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of each study. We estimated pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), and two sample Z-tests were conducted to evaluate for differences in sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and the $Q^*$ index between any two diagnostic modalities. Results: A total of 17 studies were reviewed. The MRI had a pooled sensitivity of 0.88, specificity of 0.68, AUC of 0.897, and $Q^*$ index of 0.828, whereas for MIBI, the corresponding values were 0.98, 0.90, 0.991, and 0.962, respectively, and for bone scan, they were 066, 0.83, 0.805, and 0.740, respectively. The corresponding values of MIBI were 0.98, 0.90, 0.991, and 0.962, respectively. For PET and PET/CT, the values were 0.91, 0.69, 0.927 and 0.861, respectively. Statistically significant differences were not found in the sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and $Q^*$ index between MRI, scintigraphy, FDG-PET and PET/CT. Conclusions: On the condition that X ray is taken as a reference in our study, we suggested that FDG-PET, PTE/CT, MRI and scintigraphy are all associated with high detection rate of bone disease in patients with MM. Thus, in clinical practice, it is recommended that we could choose these tests according to the condition of the patient.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2015

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 운동 프로그램이 치매환자의 일상생활활동에 미치는 효과를 살펴본 연구에 대해서 분석하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 2007년부터 2014년까지 국외학술지에 게재된 논문을 Pubmed를 통해 검색하였다. 주요 검색용어로는 'dementia',' alzheimer disease', 'exercise program', 'physical activity', 'activity of daily living', 'ADL'을 사용하였다. 최초 검색된 논문은 215편 이었으나 프로토콜을 거쳐 5편의 연구가 선정 되었다. 결과 : 선정된 논문의 Pedro score는 평균 7점으로 높은 편이었으며, 일상생활측정도구로 Katz index of ADLs, Bathel ADL index, IADL이 사용되었다. 연구들의 결과로는 실험군에서의 독립적인 일상생활수행능력의 유의미한 향상이 나타났고 시간이 지남에 따라 독립적인 일상생활활동수행능력이 저하되는 것을 늦추었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 치매환자를 대상으로 한 운동프로그램의 임상적 적용에 대한 근거를 제시하였으며, 연구결과 독립적인 일상생활활동을 수행하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 향후 임상가들이 치매환자의 독립적인 일상생활수행능력을 향상키기 위한 운동프로그램의 기초자료를 제시하고, 효과적인 치료접근법을 개발하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5349-5357
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women of all ethnic and age groups in Malaysia. Delay in seeking help for breast cancer symptoms is preventable and by identifying possible factors for delayed diagnosis, patient prognosis and survival rates could be improved. Objectives: This narrative review aimed to understand and evaluate the level of in-depth breast cancer knowledge in terms of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination, and other important aspects such as side-effects and risk factors in Malaysian females. Since Malaysia is multicultural, this review assessed social perceptions, cultural beliefs and help-seeking behaviour in respect to breast cancer among different ethnic groups, since these may impinge on efforts to 'avoid' the disease. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search of seven databases was performed from December 2015 to January 2015. Screening of relevant published journals was also undertaken to identify available information related to the knowledge, perception and help-seeking behaviour of Malaysian women in relation to breast cancer. Results: A total of 42 articles were appraised and included in this review. Generally, women in Malaysia had good awareness of breast cancer and its screening tools, particularly breast self-examination, but only superficial in-depth knowledge about the disease. Women in rural areas had lower levels of knowledge than those in urban areas. It was also shown that books, magazines, brochures and television were among the most common sources of breast cancer information. Delay in presentation was attributed mainly to a negative social perception of the disease, poverty, cultural and religion practices, and a strong influence of complementary and alternative medicine, rather than a lack of knowledge. Conclusions: This review highlighted the need for an intensive and in-depth breast cancer education campaigns using media and community health programmes, even with the existing good awareness of breast cancer. This is essential in order to avoid misconceptions and to frame the correct mind-set about breast cancer among women in Malaysia. Socio-cultural differences and religious practices should be taken into account by health care professionals when advising on breast cancer. Women need to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer so that early diagnosis can take place and the chances of survival improved.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

In order to search for specific genotypes related to this unique phenotype, we used whole genomic DNA microarray to characterize the genomic diversity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains isolated from clinical patients in China. The open reading frame (ORF) fragments on our microarray were generated by PCR using gene-specific primers. Genomic DNA of H. pylori 26695 and J99 were used as templates. Thirty-four H. pylori isolates were obtained from patients in Shanghai. Results were judged based on In(x) transformed and normalized Cy3/Cy5 ratios. Our microarray included 1882 DNA fragments corresponding to 1636 ORFs of both sequenced H. pylori strains. Cluster analysis, revealed two diverse regions in the H. pylori genome that were not present in other isolates. Among the 1636 genes, 1091 (66.7%) were common to all H. pylori strains, representing the functional core of the genome. Most of the genes found in the H. pylori functional core were responsible for metabolism, cellular processes, transcription and biosynthesis of amino acids, functions that are essential to H. pylori's growth and colonization in its host. In contrast, 522 (31.9%) genes were strain-specific genes that were missing from at least one strain of H. pylori. Strain-specific genes primarily included restriction modification system components, transposase genes, hypothetical proteins and outer membrane proteins. These strain-specific genes may aid the bacteria under specific circumstances during their long-term infection in genetically diverse hosts. Our results suggest 34 H. pylori clinical strains have extensive genomic diversity. Core genes and strain-specific genes both play essential roles in H. pylori propagation and pathogenesis. Our microarray experiment may help select relatively significant genes for further research on the pathogenicity of H. pylori and development of a vaccine for H. pylori.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.11-11
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• 2014

Fungal pathogens have huge impact on health and economic wellbeing of human by causing life-threatening mycoses in immune-compromised patients or by destroying crop plants. A key determinant of fungal pathogenesis is their ability to undergo developmental change in response to host or environmental factors. Genetic pathways that regulate such morphological transitions and adaptation are therefore extensively studied during the last few decades. Given that epigenetic as well as genetic components play pivotal roles in development of plants and mammals, contribution of microbial epigenetic counterparts to this morphogenetic process is intriguing yet nearly unappreciated question to date. To bridge this gap in our knowledge, we set out to investigate histone modifications among epigenetic mechanisms that possibly regulate fungal adaptation and processes involved in pathogenesis of a model plant pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. M. oryzae is a causal agent of rice blast disease, which destroys 10 to 30% of the rice crop annually. Since the rice is the staple food for more than half of human population, the disease is a major threat to global food security. In addition to the socioeconomic impact of the disease it causes, the fungus is genetically tractable and can undergo well-defined morphological transitions including asexual spore production and appressorium (a specialized infection structure) formation in vitro, making it a model to study fungal development and pathogenicity. For functional and comparative analysis of histone modifications, a web-based database (dbHiMo) was constructed to archive and analyze histone modifying enzymes from eukaryotic species whose genome sequences are available. Histone modifying enzymes were identified applying a search pipeline built upon profile hidden Markov model (HMM) to proteomes. The database incorporates 22,169 histone-modifying enzymes identified from 342 species including 214 fungal, 33 plants, and 77 metazoan species. The dbHiMo provides users with web-based personalized data browsing and analysis tools, supporting comparative and evolutionary genomics. Based on the database entries, functional analysis of genes encoding histone acetyltransferases and histone demethylases is under way. Here I provide examples of such analyses that show how histone acetylation and methylation is implicated in regulating important aspects of fungal pathogenesis. Current analysis of histone modifying enzymes will be followed by ChIP-Seq and RNA-seq experiments to pinpoint the genes that are controlled by particular histone modifications. We anticipate that our work will provide not only the significant advances in our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms operating in microbial eukaryotes but also basis to expand our perspective on regulation of development in fungal pathogens.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.66-69
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• 2012

Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae에 대한 항균작용을 하는 미생물을 분리하기 위하여 200개의 균주를 분리하였으며 이 중 SG 1-9, 1-12와 SG 2-8, 2-10, 2-17 5개의 균주에서 항균활성을 확인하였다. 5개의 균주는 확인을 위하여 16S rDNA 염기서열 분석을 하였으며, SG 1-9는 Streptomyces cinnamoneus와 98%의 homology가 SG 1-12는 Burkholderia cepacia와 98% homology가 같은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SG 2-8은 Streptomyces fradiae와 99%의 homology를 SG 2-10은 Staphylococcus epidermidis와 97%를 SG 2-17은 Staphylococcus epidermidis와 99%의 homology를 나타내었다. 위 5개의 균주 중 활성이 가장 강한 SG 2-17의 유기용매추출물과 단백질추출물을 분리하여 활성을 조사하였으며 유기용매추출물에서 강한 활성을 확인하였다. 3개의 유기용매 중 benzene 추출물이 가장 높은 Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae의 균사성장을 억제하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2022

Purpose: The standard tool for the pattern identification is used for identifying patterns in patients using a questionnaire. The purpose of this study is to reorganize the standard tool for the pattern identification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) developed in 2017 and to analyze the reliability and validity of the standard tool for pattern identification by applying it to GERD patients. Methods: To reorganize the standard tool for the pattern identification of GERD developed in the previous study, we searched the literature in the main databases, OASIS (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). We added the search results to the data used in the previous study and went through the reorganizing courses, such as evaluating the validity of the translation, the Delphi technique, and a small survey. After reorganization, the patients who visited the Kyunghee University Korean Medicine Center for GERD symptoms were provided the questionnaire, including the reorganized standard tool for pattern identification. We analyzed the survey results to evaluate their reliability and validity. Results: Fifty patients completed the questionnaire. Reliability analysis results showed a pattern identification match rate of 86%, Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.834, and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.907. The Mann - Whitney U test and logistic regression were implemented to check the relations between the survey questions and pattern identification results; the Pearson correlation, compared with other scales, showed a moderate score. Conclusion: We reorganized the standard tool for the pattern identification of GERD to be updated on current issues and so that it is easily used. The analysis results of the questionnaire showed that the reorganized standard tool had high reliability and moderate validity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.1073-1078
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• 2006

목 적 : 본 연구는 태아 심기형의 산전 진단이 보호자의 임신유지 결정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 분석을 시행하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 1988년 7월부터 2003년 6월까지 시행한 태아 심 초음파 검사 중 태아 심혈관 질환이 발견되었던 370 검사를 우선 선정 후, 기질적 심질환이 없는 부정맥과 다태 임신을 제외한 299 임신을 본 조사의 대상으로 하였다. 299례에 대하여 의무기록 및 전화 설문을 통한 후향적 분석을 시행하여 분만 지속 여부 및 분만 방법에 대하여 조사하였고, 임신 지속 여부에 관한 보호자의 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구에 포함된 대상의 진단시 평균 재태 주령은 $28{\pm}6.0$주였으며, 산모의 평균 연령은 $30{\pm}3.9$세였다. 임신 중단군과 지속군으로 구분하여 각 요인이 임신 지속 여부에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사한 결과, 진단시 재태 주령이 어릴수록(P=0.000), 심기형의 정도가 심할수록(P=0.002), 그리고 산모의 연령이 어릴수록(P=0.014) 임신 종결을 더 많이 선택한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 태아 상태의 정도, 동반 기형의 정도, IVF 시행여부, 자녀의 수는 임신 지속 여부와 무관한 것으로 나타났다(Table 5). 결 론 : 본 연구에 의하면 진단시 재태 주령이 어릴수록, 산모의 연령이 적을 수록, 그리고 태아 심기형의 정도가 심할수록 임신을 중단하는 비율이 높다는 결론을 얻었다. 현실적으로는 태아 심초음파가 시행되는 재태 주령이 평균 29주로 너무 늦은 감이 있으며, 기형에 대한 극도의 편견으로 인하여 완치가 가능한 질환 마저 인공 임신 중절을 시행하는 비윤리적인 상황이 벌어지고 있는 상황이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1803-1811
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• 2015

Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel jack-of-all-trades in cancer. Here we quantify the prognostic impact of this biomarker and assess how consistent is its expression in solid tumors. A comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literature updated on October 3, 2014 in PubMed, EMBASE and WEB of Science. Correlations between HDGF expression and clinicopathological features or cancer prognosis was analyzed. All pooled HRs or ORs were derived from random-effects models. Twenty-six studies, primarily in Eastern Asia, covering 2,803 patients were included in the analysis, all of them published during the past decade. We found that HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) ($HR_{OS}=2.35$, 95%CI=2.04-2.71, p<0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) ($HR_{DFS}=2.25$, 95%CI =1.81-2.79, p<0.001) in solid tumors, especially in non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Moreover, multivariate survival analysis showed that HDGF overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis ($HR_{OS}=2.41$, 95%CI: 2.02-2.81, p<0.001; $HR_{DFS}=2.39$, 95%CI: 1.77-3.24, p<0.001). In addition, HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with tumor category (T3-4 versus T1-2, OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.17-3.83, p=0.013) and lymph node status (N+ versus N-, OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.31-4.29, p=0.03) in CCA. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the literature available on the association of HDGF overexpression with OS, DFS and some clinicopathological features in solid tumors. Meta-analysis results provide evidence that HDGF may be a new indicator of poor cancer prognosis. Considering the limitations of the eligible studies, other large-scale prospective trials must be conducted to clarify the prognostic value of HDGF in predicting cancer survival.

• 식물병연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2016

2015년 6월에 살구나무(Modern과 Alexander 품종)에 잿빛무늬병이 발생하였으며, 과실에 대한 발병률은 5% 정도였다. 잿빛무늬병은 발생 초기 살구 과실의 표면에 작은 갈색 반점이 생기다가 병이 진전된 후에는 점차 확대되어 수침상의 병반이 퍼지고, 시간이 더 지나면 갈변된 원형의 병반 위에 백색의 포자 덩어리가 밀생하여 결국에는 과실 전체가 부패하였다. 특히, 수확기 1-2주를 앞두고 잿빛무늬병 발생이 더욱 심하였다. M. fructicola 분생포자는 분지된 염주상으로 사슬모양을 나타냈으며, 단생, 투명하고, 난형-레몬형으로 크기는 $14.6-18.0{\times}8.5-11{\mu}m$였다. 살구 잿빛무늬병을 일으키는 병원균의 형태적 특징, 병원성 검정, rDNA의 ITS 영역의 염기서열 분석을 기초로 M. fructicola로 동정하였으며, NCBI에서 BLAST search한 결과 M. fructicola로 등록된 GenBank accession Nos. KC544809, JN176564, FJ515894, KM279616 등과 100% 일치하는 것으로 확인되었다.