• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

This study was set up hypothesis "NCS recognition ➩ NCS training needs ➩ Performance of the NCS training". The survey was conducted to explore the need for Security-related NCS education at university and awareness of the NCS for Security Studies students. Results of analyzing the internal consistency, this study showed that ensure internal consistency is calculated Chronbach's Alpha coefficient of more than 0.8. Validation of the survey was investigated by secured Convergent validity and discriminant validity among the variables calculated all over the reference value. This study showed that the model is appropriate with results using the structural equation modeling to validate the research model The correlation analysis of this hypothesis was very high as calculated the standardization factor 0.726 and 0.870 for each relationship by hypothesis testing results.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.745-752
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to test the behavioral intent-based model of the foodservice related complaint handling. Accordingly, this study examined the effects of complaint handling on the university students' behaviort based on the word-of-mouth intent and repurchase intent. The findings from this study were as follows. KMO and Bartlett's test statistics showed the data fit factor analysis. The factor loadings, eigenvalues, ％ of variance, and communalities showed that the convergent validity was supported, the average variance extracted estimates and shared variance showed that the discriminant validity is supported, and composite alpha showed that the internal consistency was supported. It was found that some of main effects on the word-of-mouth intent and the repurchase intent were significant. It was found that some of interactional effects of the complaint type, the degree of correction effort, and the satisfaction with the complaint handling were significant. Overall, the results provide some insights into the types of foodservice related complaint handling strategies or the tactics that can be effectively employed by operators who manage complaint handling for customers dining at fast food restaurants.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.95-99
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to develop and empirically test a multi-dimensional service convenience scale with the dimensions and measurement items of service convenience perceived by Korean consumers in retail contexts. Research design, data, and methodology - The study adopts the framework suggested by Berry et al. (2002) and conceptualizes service convenience as a second-order reflective construct comprising 31 items. Three department store chains (Hyundai, Lotte, and Shinsegae) and three discount store chains (E-mart, Homeplus, and Lotte Mart) were involved 510 valid responses were used for the empirical testing. Results - The measurement model is acceptable for internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Further, the structural model results show that service convenience is positively related to satisfaction. Results of the rival model comparison indicate that the proposed second-order factor model provides a better fit to the data than both the five-factor and the one-factor model. Conclusions - The multi-dimensional, second-order conceptualization of service convenience is robustly supported. This study provides psychometrically valid scales to measure service convenience in retail contexts as conceptualized by Berry et al. (2002).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.5-19
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors contributing to sustainable competitive advantage for multi-level marketing (MLM) firms in Malaysia. The selected variables in this study are company image, product innovation, leadership, distributor rewards system and distributor training system. Research design, data, and methodology - Quantitative research method is employed with collected sample size of 398 respondents using judgmental sampling technique. Normality and reliability test were performed in the first stage utilizing SPSS 22 and Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) and variance analysis were obtained in the subsequent stage, following up with the overall fit of the measurement model, Structural Equation Model (SEM) using AMOS 22 with maximum likelihood estimation to assess the internal consistency, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Results - The research findings show that company image, leadership, distributor rewards system and distributor training system were supported and are factors affecting the sustainable competitive advantage of MLM companies in Malaysia. However, in this study, product innovation was not supported but this result does not depict that it is trivial and inconsequential in maintain sustainable advantage. Conclusion - Companies can build sustainable competitive advantage by focusing on these contributing factors. Several other comments and implications were brought to light and discussed in the paper.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.51-69
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• 2020

Purpose Today, the increasing of internet use and the expansion of internet range provide us with many opportunities. Therefore, this study examine relation of perceived ease of use, perceived playfulness, perceived risk, perceived usefulness based on previous studies. And we examine the effect of O2O service satisfaction on continuous use intention. Also, we studied the relationship between perceived ease of use, perceived playfulness, perceived risk, perceived usefulness according to user innovation. Design/Methodology A Structural Equation Model(SEM) method was used to test the theoretical framework based on a sample of 451 respondents who have experienced the O2O service. Factor analysis and confirmation factor analysis was conducted to check the reliability, convergency validity and discriminant validity. To test moderating effect of the user innovation, multi group analysis was conducted. Findings First, perceived ease of use, perceived playfulness, perceived risk have significant effects on perceived usefulness. Second, perceived usefulness of O2O service have a positive effect on satisfaction. Third, satisfaction of O2O service have a positive effect on continuous use intention. The relationship that perceived ease of use, perceived playfulness, perceived risk affect perceived usefulness is differ depending on user innovation. Based on these findings, this study suggested to marketing practitioners the need for different approach by a user innovation.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.109-125
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• 2019

Few studies have utilized observational methods in the field of couple research even though using self-report questionnaires is prone to the subjective biases of the reporter. This study validates the Marital Interaction Coding System-Global (MICS-G), a global version of the well-established microanalytic observational coding system, Marital Interaction Coding System (MICS). Participants in the study consisted of 30 married couples with varied levels of marital adjustment who visited one of the Healthy Family and Multicultural Family Support Centers in Seoul, either for couple therapy or the "Marriage Checkup"program. Ten-minute problem-solving discussions were rated by two undergraduate student raters who were trained for 10 hours. Interobserver agreement based on percentage agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients showed a high level of agreement between raters in establishing interrater reliability. Convergent validity was established by: correlations among marital adjustment, psychological aggression, mental health, and MICS-G categories of conflicts, validation, invalidation, facilitation, and withdrawal. MICS-G categories also were successful in discriminating between distressed and nondistressed couples, which provides evidence of discriminant validity for MICS-G. This study showed that MICS-G is a promising method for researchers to observe couple interactions in a more cost-effective way. Methodological issues and practical applications are also discussed.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.528-536
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to help preschool children in the interface design of educational game APP at the psychological level. The conceptual model is constructed through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use when children are playing educational game APP. The empirical study was conducted in the form of questionnaires collected after children used game. The research subjects were 3-6 years old children, and the research tool was the game app. Data collection under the guidance of their parents. The research shows that children educational game experience elements can effectively increase preschool children's psychological perception of educational games. Perceived ease of use also increases trust in educational games for children. The results were as follows: 1. Cronbach's Alpha and KMO were 0.969 and 0.955, and the P value was significant, which passed the reliability and validity test. 2. Through confirmatory factor analysis (Model fit index, Composite reliability, discriminant validity), we found that user experience is closely related to perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. 3. The path analysis of the relationship proves that perceived ease of use play a key role in trusting preschool children educational game APP.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2023

Purpose: This study's purpose is to conduct empirical research on online comments affect Vietnamese consumers' impulsive buying in e-distribution. This study also considers affecting of browsing toward the urge to buy, and the urge to buy toward impulse buying in e-distribution. Research design, data and methodology: This study used the non-probability method to assemble data from 273 customers' online buying experiences via a Google Forms online survey. By using SmartPLS, the data were examined for reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity of the variables, and proposed hypothesis testing. Results: The empirical study discovered that internet comments with utilitarian and hedonistic values had a positive effect on browsing, the urge to buy, and impulse purchases in e-distribution. Additionally, the result revealed that browsing had a positive influence on the urge to purchase. Likewise, the findings also disclosed that the urge to buy had a favorable effect on impulse buying. Conclusions: This study offered a thorough conceptual model of internet feedback influencing browsing, urge to buy, and impulsive purchases in e-distribution. Also, to increase impulsive buying, this study will assist e-distribution managers in concentrating on developing innovative marketing strategies and action plans that take into consideration consumers' internet reviews, browsing, and urge to buy.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the premium hamburger market, which has recently become popular, the effect of the importance of the customer selection attribute of premium hamburgers on customer satisfaction, and the effect of customer satisfaction on repurchase intention. Existing research has focused on the importance of the selection attributes of premium hamburgers. Quality, convenience, experience, and presentation visuals were selected as customer selection attributes. This study analyzed 158 customers who had purchased and tasted premium hamburgers. To verify reliability and validity, a confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity analysis were performed, and a path analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the quality, convenience, experience, and presentation visuals of premium hamburgers had a statistically significant effect on satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction was verified to have a significant effect on repurchase intention. Customers' preference for premium burgers will continue to increase, thanks to the growth in national income, single-person families, and healthy food wellness. It was empirically proven that the selection attributes of premium burgers have a statistically significant effect on customer satisfaction and that satisfaction significantly affects repurchase intention. This study broadens the research horizon and has practical implications.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2023

Purpose: Brand communication plays an important role in the credibility of consumer behavior as it enhances brand equity. This study investigates the effects of brand communication (firm-created communication, consumer-generated communication) on brand awareness, brand attitude, brand loyalty in the hotel business sector by applying the SOR theory (stimulus-organism-response theory). Research design, data, and methodology: This study was analyzed in a quantitative way using the survey results of 400 customers who had experience of visiting hotels. In this study, SmartPLS 4.0 was used to evaluate the research model. The reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the measurement tool were verified. Result: Result was found that consumer-generated communications had a positive effect on brand awareness and brand attitude, whereas firm-created communications had a significant effect on brand awareness. In addition, brand awareness had a positive effect on both brand attitude and brand loyalty. Finally, brand attitude was found to have a positive effect on brand loyalty. Conclusions: This study redefines the concept of where chain hotel groups should focus when providing consumers with information about their brands and services. As a result, the conceptual framework of brand communication to increase new customer visits to the hotel brand has been expanded.