• Title/Summary/Keyword: Discount Sale

Search Result 47, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Effect of Sales Promotion and the Consumer Product Evaluation: A Review and Synthesis

  • Park, Chul-Ju;Park, Jae-Sung
    • The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
    • /
    • v.4 no.1
    • /
    • pp.23-33
    • /
    • 2016
  • Sales promotion is defined as the short-term incentive to encourage the purchase or sale of products and services. Retailers conduct a variety of sales promotion to encourage the purchase or sale of products and services. It is often used to induce the purchase of customers in short term and to improve the relationship with customers in the long term. Many previous studies about the effect of price discount SP on increase in sales and image improvement have conducted. But the study of non-price promotion, especially SP with 'Gifts', meanwhile, has been seldom researched. This study is to investigate the effect of the Gift SP conducted by retailers on the customer evaluation of the product and its Gifts. This study is to investigate the effect of 'Gifts', among the non-price promotion, on the customer evaluation. First of all, previous studies about the effect (-) of Sp with 'Gifts' on the customer evaluation of the product and its Gifts, and the factors that offset the negative effect of SP with 'Gifts' on quality perception are to examined. In this study, additionally, the summary of the study based on the previous studies and the research subject in the future are to be presented. Firstly, to examine the previous researches on the effect of SP which retailers conduct on the increased sales and or enhanced image, price discount SP has attracted a lot of attention as a research subject but researches on non-price sales promotion, particularly on SP with gift have seldom conducted as a research subject. Secondly, in the previous studies relevant to Price Discount SP, the long-term negative (-) effect of the target product or brand of SP has been studied. However, a few researches on the long-term negative (-) effect of SP with gift have been conducted. Thirdly, it might be brand affinity and purchase limit that buffered the negative (-) effect on the perceived quality of SP with gift which retailers had conducted. In spite of various studies conducted by many researchers, each study have discussed the consequences under certain circumstances and integrated results of research have not been in progress. It may be the research issues left to us to clearly identify the psychological mechanism of consumers until the effect of SP happens in order to theorize SP and to present a practical and useful suggestion.

A Study on Spatial Structure Changes of General Merchandise Retail in Daejeon Metropolitan City (대전광역시 종합소매업의 공간구조 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Ryu Ju-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
    • /
    • v.39 no.4
    • /
    • pp.602-619
    • /
    • 2004
  • The purposes of this study are to describe the changes of retail environment and general merchandise retail structure in Daejeon Metropolitan City since e distribution market open. At the interval of five years (1996~2001) the rapid increase of large-scale discount stores have had a profound impacts on the retail structure and the spatial retail structure. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the proportion of general merchandise retail has increased in the retail structure. Second, each business type of general merchandise retail has taken different growth pattern, which has been distributed differently. Third, the establishment of general merchandise retail is on the decrease, the annual sale of general merchandise retail is one increase. Moreover the hightest sale region is changed from old-town to new-town. Many more variables like assortment of goods according to the locality should be reflected in the following spatial retail structure research.

A Study on Policy of Distribution Improvement of Fishery Products in Busan (부산수산물의 유통개선정책에 관한 연구)

  • Song, Gye-Eui
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
    • /
    • v.37
    • /
    • pp.161-185
    • /
    • 2008
  • In 2006, the share of fisheries distribution in Busan amounted to 1.9 million ton, which was 41 percent of the whole country. In details, coastal fishery 334 thousand ton(14% of the whole country), deep sea fishery 452 thousand ton(82%), import fishery 964 thousand ton(70%), export fishery 157 thousand ton(43%) were distributed in Busan region, respectively. According to distribution share, import(50%), deep sea fishery(24%), coastal fishery(18%), export(8%) are main category of fisheries distribution in Busan. After the institutional changes in 1997, that is, from monopoly to the competitive systems are implemented, the share of sales volume through a home trust market decreased gradually since 2000. Especially, the share of direct sales in farming fisheries sector amounted to 73.8 percent of total production volume, 80.7 percent of production value in 2005. Furthermore, the share of fisheries sale through e-commerce is increasing owing to the growth of IT and competitive price of its products. and the sale share of large discount store is also on the 10% more increase. Hereafter these structure changes of fisheries distribution in Busan will be more intensified. Therefore, after reflecting the change in distribution policy of Busan Fisheries, the directions of distribution policy should be established, as follows. $\cdot$ Distribution policy to prepare for increasing of non-trust market sales $\cdot$ Fisheries distribution policy to prepare for increasing of direct transaction like e-commerce $\cdot$ Distribution policy to prepare for increasing of sales ratio in large discount store $\cdot$ Distribution policy for making up sound purchasing circumstance of Fisheries $\cdot$ Distribution policy for reducing the fisheries distribution cost $\cdot$ Distribution policy to prepare for increasing of direct carrying the deep sea fisheries and import fisheries to Seoul and $Inch'{\breve{o}}n$ section $\cdot$ Distribution policy for implementing the information system for managing fisheries transaction $\cdot$ Distribution policy for advancing the export & import management of fisheries $\cdot$ Distribution policy for establishing transaction principle reflecting the peculiarity in fishery distribution(to enacting independent fishery law)

  • PDF

The Comparison and Distribution of Temperatures Established in Display Stands and Food Surfaces for Cold and Frozen Foods in large Discount Stores in Korea (대형할인매장에서의 냉장.냉동식품 판매대의 설정온도와 판매식품 표면온도 비교 및 온도분포 분석)

  • Choi, Moon-Sil;Choi, Jeong-Ae;Kim, Mee-Hye;Bahk, Gyung-Jin
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.26 no.4
    • /
    • pp.308-314
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study surveyed and compared the temperatures established in display stands and food surfaces for cold and frozen foods in large discount stores in Korea. The temperatures established in display stands for cold food ranged with $3.5{\pm}1.8^{\circ}C$ as mean, minimum and maximum were $0^{\circ}C$ and $7^{\circ}C$. However, the surface temperatures of cold food on sale ranged with $10.7{\pm}2.9^{\circ}C$ as a mean, minimum $4.6^{\circ}C$ and maximum $18.4^{\circ}C$. Totally, the surface temperature of cold food on sale was $7.2^{\circ}C$, as a mean, higher than established in display stands for cold food in large discount stores in Korea. 53% of the surveyed cold foods were more than $10^{\circ}C$ in surface temperature and only 47% was less than $10^{\circ}C$. The differences between temperatures were lowest in fruits, salads and vegetables, but highest in milk products. On the other hand, the temperatures established in display stands for frozen food showed a range with $-20.7{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ as a mean. However, the surface temperatures of frozen food on sale showed a range with $-15.4{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ as a mean, minimum $-28^{\circ}C$ and maximum $-4.6^{\circ}C$ (included defrosting). The surface temperatures of frozen food, frozen meats, frozen processed foods and ice creams were $-13.8^{\circ}C$, $-15.9^{\circ}C$, and $-16.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. Only 32.3% of surveyed frozen foods showed less than $-18^{\circ}C$ in surface temperature. In conclusion, the temperatures established on cold and frozen food display stands were less than those of cold and frozen food surfaces on sale. There was also much variation in food surface temperatures during cold and frozen food storage and sales. Therefore, a temperature management system technology use at the distribution level for cold and frozen foods will be developed.

A Comparative Analysis of Supplier's Profitability According to the Different Sales Timing in Apartment Housing (공동주택의 분양시기 변화에 따른 공급자의 수익성 비교 분석)

  • Kim, Seong-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
    • /
    • v.13 no.5
    • /
    • pp.25-34
    • /
    • 2012
  • It has been five years since the Post-Construction Sale System of Housing was introduced. The purpose of this study is to identify objectives and effects of the Post-Construction Sale System of Housing and analyze change of profitability at different sales time from a supplier's point of view. Apartment buildings construction projects performed in Seoul are used for the case study. The present value of sales revenues, sensitivity and the present value of expected sales prices are analyzed. According to the findings, first, profits made from a Pre-construction sales system was 5.1%~6.2% higher than those from a Post-construction sales system. Among four plans of a Pre-construction sales system (A, B, C and D plan), sales revenue from the A plan, which takes a deposit at the time of starting construction, was the greatest. Second, increase of the rate of discount and decrease of sales revenues are in direct proportion. The bigger rate of discount leads actual reduction of sales revenues. Third, for the present value of sales revenues reflecting change in basic model construction cost, a Pre-construction sales system showed a little higher than that of a Post-construction sales system by approximately 2%. It should be known that this study suggests profitability of Pre-and Post-construction sales system by clearly measuring them in the supplier's point of view and calculates sales revenues, considering change of a sale price following change of sales time.

Analysis of Consumer Preferences on Social Commerce Buying Environment (구매시점을 중심으로 소셜커머스 구매환경이 미치는 소비자 선호 별 효용 분석)

  • Choi, Soyeong;Lim, Hyung Soo;Jun, Duk Bin;Kang, Sungyeol
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
    • /
    • v.42 no.2
    • /
    • pp.1-17
    • /
    • 2017
  • Based on increased popularity and use of social network services as a marketing tool, social commerce became an emerging trend in e-commerce platforms. Social commerce involves sellers offering potential consumers the products and services at a lower price in a limited time period. Through comparison of the performances of domestic social commerce websites, we found that the buying environment such as price, number of available products, and the remaining time period for sale has a significant difference influencing on the purchase decisions of consumers. This study aims to analyze the interaction effects and preference levels of four characteristics (price, discount rate, number of purchases and purchase time) by conducting choice-based conjoint analysis. Survey experiment was performed using a sample of 146 undergraduate and graduate students. The results showed that consumers importantly consider purchase time, discount rate, price, number of purchases in the order of their preference. Also, discount effect is more significant on purchase decisions than price effect and consumers distinguish less the differences among the buying environment characteristics in the closing days of purchase period. Customer segmentation using the preference levels of characteristics indicates that the preference levels have different effects in the purchase utility of each segment. The proposed customer segmentation and differences in feature utilities are expected to be valuable in forming future sales promotion strategies in social commerce.

An Economic Analysis of Domestic Fuel Cell Vehicles Considering Subsidy and Hydrogen Price (보조금과 수소가격을 고려한 국내 연료전지차의 경제성 분석)

  • Gim, Bongjin
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
    • /
    • v.26 no.1
    • /
    • pp.35-44
    • /
    • 2015
  • This paper deals with the economic analysis of domestic fuel cell vehicles considering subsidy and hydrogen price in 2015 and 2025. We selected TFCV (Tucson fuel cell vehicle) and TDV (Tucson diesel vehicle) to identify the economic feasibility of fuel cell vehicles compared with conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. We made some sensitivity analysis by changing input factors such as the size of the subsidy, the hydrogen price and the discount rate. Also, we made a break-even point analysis on hydrogen prices that equalize the economic feasibility of TFCV and TDV in 2025. As a result, TFCV is not economical in 2015 due to the relatively high prices of hydrogen and vehicles. If the sale prices of TFCV are 30,000,000 won and 35,000,000 won in 2025, then the break-even points of hydrogen prices are equal to 7,483 won/kg and 5,043 won/kg.

The Effect of Price Discount Rate According to Brand Loyalty on Consumer's Acquisition Value and Transaction Value (브랜드애호도에 따른 가격할인율의 차이가 소비자의 획득가치와 거래가치에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Young-Ei;Kim, Jae-Yeong;Shin, Chang-Nag
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
    • /
    • v.17 no.4
    • /
    • pp.247-269
    • /
    • 2007
  • In recent years, one of the major reasons for the fierce competition amongst firms is that they strive to increase their own market shares and customer acquisition rate in the same market with similar and apparently undifferentiated products in terms of quality and perceived benefit. Because of this change in recent marketing environment, the differentiated after-sales service and diversified promotion strategies have become more important to gain competitive advantage. Price promotion is the favorite strategy that most retailers use to achieve short-term sales increase, induce consumer's brand switch, in troduce new product into market, and so forth. However, if marketers apply or copy an identical price promotion strategy without considering the characteristic differences in product and consumer preference, it will cause serious problems because discounted price itself could make people skeptical about product quality, and the changes of perceived value might appear differently depending on other factors such as consumer involvement or brand attitude. Previous studies showed that price promotion would certainly increase sales, and the discounted price compared to regular price would enhance the consumer's perceived values. On the other hand, discounted price itself could make people depreciate or skeptical about product quality, and reduce the consumers' positivity bias because consumers might be unsure whether the current price promotion is the retailer's best price offer. Moreover, we cannot say that discounted price absolutely enhances the consumer's perceived values regardless of product category and purchase situations. That is, the factors that affect consumers' value perceptions and buying behavior are so diverse in reality that the results of studies on the same dependent variable come out differently depending on what variable was used or how experiment conditions were designed. Majority of previous researches on the effect of price-comparison advertising have used consumers' buying behavior as dependent variable. In order to figure out consumers' buying behavior theoretically, analysis of value perceptions which influence buying intentions is needed. In addition, they did not combined the independent variables such as brand loyalty and price discount rate together. For this reason, this paper tried to examine the moderating effect of brand loyalty on relationship between the different levels of discounting rate and buyers' value perception. And we provided with theoretical and managerial implications that marketers need to consider such variables as product attributes, brand loyalty, and consumer involvement at the same time, and then establish a differentiated pricing strategy case by case in order to enhance consumer's perceived values properl. Three research concepts were used in our study and each concept based on past researches was defined. The perceived acquisition value in this study was defined as the perceived net gains associated with the products or services acquired. That is, the perceived acquisition value of the product will be positively influenced by the benefits buyers believe they are getting by acquiring and using the product, and negatively influenced by the money given up to acquire the product. And the perceived transaction value was defined as the perception of psychological satisfaction or pleasure obtained from taking advantage of the financial terms of the price deal. Lastly, the brand loyalty was defined as favorable attitude towards a purchased product. Thus, a consumer loyal to a brand has an emotional attachment to the brand or firm. Repeat purchasers continue to buy the same brand even though they do not have an emotional attachment to it. We assumed that if the degree of brand loyalty is high, the perceived acquisition value and the perceived transaction value will increase when higher discount rate is provided. But we found that there are no significant differences in values between two different discount rates as a result of empirical analysis. It means that price reduction did not affect consumer's brand choice significantly because the perceived sacrifice decreased only a little, and customers are satisfied with product's benefits when brand loyalty is high. From the result, we confirmed that consumers with high degree of brand loyalty to a specific product are less sensitive to price change. Thus, using price promotion strategy to merely expect sale increase is not recommendable. Instead of discounting price, marketers need to strengthen consumers' brand loyalty and maintain the skimming strategy. On the contrary, when the degree of brand loyalty is low, the perceived acquisition value and the perceived transaction value decreased significantly when higher discount rate is provided. Generally brands that are considered inferior might be able to draw attention away from the quality of the product by making consumers focus more on the sacrifice component of price. But considering the fact that consumers with low degree of brand loyalty are known to be unsatisfied with product's benefits and have relatively negative brand attitude, bigger price reduction offered in experiment condition of this paper made consumers depreciate product's quality and benefit more and more, and consumer's psychological perceived sacrifice increased while perceived values decreased accordingly. We infer that, in the case of inferior brand, a drastic price-cut or frequent price promotion may increase consumers' uncertainty about overall components of product. Therefore, it appears that reinforcing the augmented product such as after-sale service, delivery and giving credit which is one of the levels consisting of product would be more effective in reality. This will be better rather than competing with product that holds high brand loyalty by reducing sale price. Although this study tried to examine the moderating effect of brand loyalty on relationship between the different levels of discounting rate and buyers' value perception, there are several limitations. This study was conducted in controlled conditions where the high involvement product and two different levels of discount rate were applied. Given the presence of low involvement product, when both pieces of information are available, it is likely that the results we have reported here may have been different. Thus, this research results explain only the specific situation. Second, the sample selected in this study was university students in their twenties, so we cannot say that the results are firmly effective to all generations. Future research that manipulates the level of discount along with the consumer involvement might lead to a more robust understanding of the effects various discount rate. And, we used a cellular phone as a product stimulus, so it would be very interesting to analyze the result when the product stimulus is an intangible product such as service. It could be also valuable to analyze whether the change of perceived value affects consumers' final buying behavior positively or negatively.

  • PDF

The Effects of Personal Values as Enduring Shopping Motives on Attribute Evaluation and Re-patronage Intention to a Discount Store (지속적 쇼핑동기로서의 개인가치가 할인점 점포연상 평가와 단골의도에 주는 계층적 영향)

  • Koo, Dong-Mo
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
    • /
    • v.16 no.1
    • /
    • pp.45-71
    • /
    • 2006
  • Questionnaire data of 287 patrons of Tesco's Homeplus, Carrefour, Ermart, and Wal-rnart in the northern Daegu, Korea, using a structural equation model, were analyzed to investigate the hierarchical effects of values on discount store re-patronage intention as a measure of store loyalty, mediated by customers' evaluations of store associations. It was revealed that while customers' social affiliation value has a positive effect on store atmosphere evaluation, customers' self-actualization value has a positive impact on both after-sale service and employee services. It was also revealed that three associations such as access to a store, interior design, and employee services in their descending order have strong positive influences on the formation of customers' re-patronage intention. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed in the conclusion.

  • PDF

Content Categories of Special Selling Events and Unplanned Purchase Stimulations in Internet Shopping Malls (인터넷 쇼핑몰 기획전의 내용 유형과 소비자 비계획 구매 자극)

  • Kim, Sae-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
    • /
    • v.35 no.1
    • /
    • pp.37-50
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study analyzed the content of special selling events in internet shopping malls to establish academic standards for special selling events as tools for sales promotions and to suggest systematic guidelines for marketers designing special selling events. Based on a content analysis, the titles of special selling events from four internet shopping malls selling women's apparel were analyzed. A total of 692 titles were analyzed. The results are as follow. First, the contents categories of special selling events could be classified into two groups such as 'theme' and 'tool'. Season, product characteristics, style, advice/information, brand, annual/social events, and marketing events were the main content categories that came under the 'theme' group; in addition, the price benefit, free offers, product mix, and marketing technique were the main content categories that came under the 'tool' group. Each main content category was subdivided into several segment content categories. Second, most of the titles were composed of more than two segment content categories that involved various information and benefits; however, the portion of titles composed of only theme related content categories or only tool related content categories was substantial. Furthermore, the theme related content categories were more than the tool related content categories. Third, the usage frequencies of the contents categories were analyzed. The upcoming season, single brand, sale/discount, item/material/color, special price/lowest price, and period/time/quantity limits were the segment content categories that held a high rank. Forth, most of the factors that evoked the unplanned purchases of consumers were related to the content categories of special sale events.