• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

In the interior lighting, usually we refer to TAL and general lighting. The last one is that we generally adopt it in the interior lighting conditions. Here, glare is most important factor of them, especially in working place using VDT. Reference or development of estimation on glare has been studied in CIE, IESNA etc. and these of glare regulations now are applied differently in the interior lighting design or estimation on glare. But we have no glare regulation in detail, of course except G classification, which has limit of itself, so in my case it is impossible to apply in the interior lighting. On this paper, with some of main glare regulations in the world and our conditions in the interior lighting which are selected carefully, in an actual state it has been estimated So, it intended to blow which one is most suitable or what factors are considered of them, also show glare index which are appropriate to our interior lighting.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum slat angle of the venetian blind which was applied at an outer skin of a curtain-wall system. The evaluation of the blind slat angle was performed in terms of the comfortable visual environment and decreased energy consumption. The office building prototype was considered for the analysis and simulation variables include application of blind, blind slat angle and dimming control of lighting. The annual energy consumption and incidence rate of discomfort glare were analyzed using EnergyPlus which is developed by the U. S. Department of Energy for the detailed building energy simulation. As a result, it turns out that when the blind (reflectance: 0.5) was installed, the annual energy consumption was greater than that of the base model. However, when the dimming control was applied, the maximum energy saving of 16.3% could be achieved at a slat angle of $0^{\circ}$. In addition, in case of the base model, the incidence rate of discomfort glare was 84%, while the case of the blind with the slat angle of $0^{\circ}$ showed that the incidence rate of discomfort glare was 42.4%. Consequently, the results showed that the slat angle of $55^{\circ}$ with dimming control was the optimum strategy for the comfortable visual environment and decreased energy consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2014

In this paper, tried to find out the proper luminous intensity distribution for the cabin with low-level height by analyzing the changing tendency of discomfort glare according to luminous intensity distribution of marine indoor luminaires using Unified Glare Rating(UGR). First, we analyzed UGR of the indoor luminaires in the existing cabin, and then evaluated influence on luminous intensity distributions of marine indoor luminaire. The results showed that $cos^2{\Theta}$ distribution got almost low UGR results regardless of height and UGR 16.5 in cabin height of 2m. However, Gaussian distribution with the same beam angle showed that UGR results consistently increased by getting lower height and UGR 20.7 in the same height. In conclusion, the $cos^2{\Theta}$ distribution in consideration of luminous intensity on the direction of observer's eye was appropriate for general cabin indoor luminaires because it decreased UGR in the low-level height.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.575-584
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• 2010

The aim of study is to suggest the design procedure of automobile headlamp by considering driver's experience in regard of the visibility and glare during nighttime driving. The characteristics of driver were investigated in terms of the drivers' cognitive ability and reaction time, headlamp specification and visibility, light source and glare. And, the degree of visual discomfort was categorized and recognized as a tool to represent the subjective user experience. The UX point of view was stated when the existing results were seemingly lacking of it. The visual comfort and safety of elderly drivers were also discussed by reviewing the studies of ageing regarding the visibility and driving responses. Finally, this study suggested how to reduce the negative effect of nighttime driving due to the height of headlamp, angle of lighting, color spectrum, discomfort glare, source of light by using the UX perspective and methodology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.569-579
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• 1994

현행 TV 브라운관용 panel의 투과검사 작업장에서의 조명설계에 대한 문제점을 규명한 결과, 투과검사 작업시 사용되지 않는 광원부분으로 인한 glare가 있음이 파악되었다. 본 연구에서는 glare가 직접적으로 visibility를 감소시키는지의 여부와 장시간 glare에 노출되어 누적된 눈의 피로가 결과적으로 작업에 영향을 미치는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 glare광원의 각도와 투과검사작업의 work period가 변화함에 따라 작업수행도가 어떻게 변화하는가를 정량적으로 관찰하였다. 연구결과, visibility에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않는 소량의 glare도 장시간 누적되면, 눈의 피로를 유발하여, 작업수행도에 영향을 미치며, 육안검사작업의 작업수행도 저하에 대한 indicator로서 DGR(discomfort glare rating)이 활용될 수 있음이 파악되었다. 또한, 작업특성에 관계없이 일률적으로 적용되는 VCP(visual comfort probabilities)를 기준으로 실제작업장의 조명을 설계하기는 어려울 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2009

Discomfort Glare from the artificial light sources is an important issue in assessment of lighting quality for healthy buildings. Glare, as a factor of the characteristics of brightness, which has been defined as the sensation produced by contrast and luminance within an entire field view, unfavorably influences the occupants who performs visual tasks. It may cause annoyance and discomfort by interruption of visibility. In the whole visual field, glare can be determined by effects of the position, the luminance and the size of the light source and brightness of the surroundings. Therefore, experimental equipment is required to maintain a constant visual lighting environment. Recent studies have been developed and used the instrument for glare sensation evaluation but the instruments showed some difficulties to verify the correlation of glare indicators. The instrument have been developed with reference to former studies. It is called the Glare Tester. This is consist of 2[m]-diameter vertical dome screen painted with white flat paint, and light sources installed inside the screen. These light sources can provide various range of brightness at any inner surface of the screen. 2 Glare light sources can provide the value of luminance within the range of $0{\sim}150,000[cd/m^2]$. Moreover, 12 light sources are used for background luminance and it can perform the value of luminance within the range of $0{\sim}350[cd/m^2]$. Several experiments have been conducted using this Glare Tester to evaluate the range of the visibility, the values of BCD and the glare sensation in lower and upper visual field.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.505-511
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• 2018

Purpose : This study investigated the visual functions of drivers aged over 65 year olds and drivers aged 50~65 year olds. In addition, difference of visual functions between professional drivers and normal drivers were investigated. Methods : Forty Driver aged over 65 year olds and 67 drivers aged less than 67 year olds were participated. All participants had more than 5 years of driving experiences and had no ocular pathology. Demographic data(gender, job, age, body condition) and visual functions such as contrast sensitivity(CS), stereopsis, glare recovery time and discomfort glare index were measured. Results : Constrast sensivity under photopic condition was higher with bus driver group. In addition, difference of CS at 12cpd and 18cpd were signifcantly different between normal drivers(1.57) and bus drivers(1.70) (p<0.05). There was no significant difference for glare recovery time, despite of trend of longer recovery time with age. Discomfort glare index was significantly different that normal drivers with more than 65 year olds had 3, taxi and truck driver presented almost 5 index score (p<0.05). Conclusion : Analysis of visual function of elderly drivers, it was confirmed that their visual functions decreased with age. Therefore, visual function tests such as CS, discomfort glare index and stereopsis in addition to current available test may need to be considered for drivers aged over 65.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2015

The museum is a important place to inform the value of various antiquities and relics. The museum, founded in domestic, were increased 90% in 2013 compared to 2006, and total number of including private museums were increased more than three times over the past decade. There are installing a variety of illumination and air-conditioning system, such as the spot lighting of exhibition explanation. But the exhibition explanation should not happen to visual perception disabilities by lighting. According to ICOM (International Council of Museum), it is stipulating that the museum should not to occur glare. However, we confirmed some occurred the glare and it was lack of previous studies about prevention plan. In this study, we verified occurrence of the glare by illumination angles and visitor's eye-level. The luminance values were determined by using DSLR camera and illuminometer. As a result, when illumination angle is 90 degree, the glare did not occurred by the luminance value ratio of over 0.167 regardless of eye-level. By contrast, the angle 30 degree was appeared glare with all level. And this study was compared luminance values that obtained through experiment and surveying.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.553-561
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• 2010

This study examines the influence of light variation on visual responses in a small office space where a daylight dimming control system is applied. Field measurements and survey were performed in a full-scale mocked-up small office space under clear sky day conditions. Maximum fluctuation range for desktop was 133.5 lx and it just happened once for entire monitoring period. For the majority of time, the fluctuation range did not exceed 50 lx, which did not cause visual discomfort to subjects. The daylight dimming control system successfully kept required illuminance levels for an office environment when desktop illuminance by daylight ranged up to 300 lx. The most serious contributor to the sensation of glare was direct daylight through window. The dimming of electric light was not a significant contributor to visual discomfort for the subjects under clear sky day conditions. Visual comfort was significantly influenced by the sensation of glare, feeling for visual stimulation and distraction, and required illuminance level.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.187-195
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• 2011

Glass Envelope is vulnerable to insulation performance and controling solar radiation. Insulation performance is consistently improving these days due to recent building energy saving policy in South Korea. However, solar control at glass envelope is still limited to meeting requirements of ideal high performance. Generally, Inside Blind plays an important role of solar control instead of glass which have a characteristics of transmitted solar. Unfortunately, most of them are controled by occupants and which method is not resonable in building energy. Therefore, achieving the high efficient performance building, automated control blind system considering reduction of building loads have to be adopted. Furthermore, considering occupants visual comport about removing discomfort glare is also essential.