DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Elderly Driver's Visual Function

고령 운전자의 시각적 기능 분석에 관한 연구

  • Kim, Jung Bok (School of Optometry & Vision Science, Daegu Catholic University) ;
  • Hwang, Jeong Hee (Department of Optometry, Gangdong University) ;
  • Chu, Byoung Sun (School of Optometry & Vision Science, Daegu Catholic University)
  • 김정복 (대구가톨릭대학교 안경광학과) ;
  • 황정희 (강동대학교 안경광학과) ;
  • 추병선 (대구가톨릭대학교 안경광학과)
  • Received : 2018.11.16
  • Accepted : 2018.12.10
  • Published : 2018.12.31

Abstract

Purpose : This study investigated the visual functions of drivers aged over 65 year olds and drivers aged 50~65 year olds. In addition, difference of visual functions between professional drivers and normal drivers were investigated. Methods : Forty Driver aged over 65 year olds and 67 drivers aged less than 67 year olds were participated. All participants had more than 5 years of driving experiences and had no ocular pathology. Demographic data(gender, job, age, body condition) and visual functions such as contrast sensitivity(CS), stereopsis, glare recovery time and discomfort glare index were measured. Results : Constrast sensivity under photopic condition was higher with bus driver group. In addition, difference of CS at 12cpd and 18cpd were signifcantly different between normal drivers(1.57) and bus drivers(1.70) (p<0.05). There was no significant difference for glare recovery time, despite of trend of longer recovery time with age. Discomfort glare index was significantly different that normal drivers with more than 65 year olds had 3, taxi and truck driver presented almost 5 index score (p<0.05). Conclusion : Analysis of visual function of elderly drivers, it was confirmed that their visual functions decreased with age. Therefore, visual function tests such as CS, discomfort glare index and stereopsis in addition to current available test may need to be considered for drivers aged over 65.

목적 : 만 65 세 이상 고령운전자와 50 ~ 65 세 이전의 예비고령 운전자의 시각적 기능을 검사하고, 일반인과 직업 운전자를 구분하여 그 차이점을 연구하고자 한다. 방법 : 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 만 65 세 이상 고령운전자(40 명), 만 65 세 이하 운전자(67 명)이었다. 모든 대상자들은 안과적 질환이 없고, 운전 경력은 5년 이상이었다. 기본적인 데이터(성별, 직업, 연령, 건강상태)와 함께 시각기능 데이터 (대비감도, 정적 및 동적 입체시, 시력회복시간, 눈부심 지수)등을 측정하였다. 결과 : 명소시 조건에서의 대비감도는 전반적으로 버스군에서 가장 좋은 감도를 보였으며, 12 cpd와 18 cpd의 주파수에서 일반 1.57, 버스 1.70으로 그 차이 값이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(p<0.05). 암소시 조건에서는 65 세 이상 고령층에서는 주파수가 높아질수록 일반군과 택시군에서 유의한 차이를 보여주었다(p<0.05). 눈부심 후 시력회복시간은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 다만 연령대가 증가할수록 시간이 길어지는 경향은 보였다. 눈부심 지수에 관한 결과는 65 세 이상의 일반군에서 운전에 방해가 되는 눈부심에 해당하는 지수 3에 가까운 결과를 보였고, 택시 및 화물 운전군에서는 양호한 눈부심에 해당하는 지수 5에 가까운 결과 값을 보여주었다(p<0.05). 결론 : 고령자들의 시기능을 분석한 결과, 나이가 들수록 대부분의 시기능이 저하되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 65 세 이상의 고령 운전자의 안전운전을 위해서는 현재 시행되어지고 있는 시력, 색각 검사 외에도 운전 환경과 연관되어 있는 시기능인 대비감도, 눈부심, 입체시력 등의 시각기능 검사가 추가적으로 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

  1. National Statistical Office Korea: Statistics of the Total population. 2017.
  2. Statistics Korea: 2017 Statistics of the Elderly. 2017.
  3. Road traffic authority: Items such big for the last five years older drivers the accident analysis. 2017.
  4. Haegerstrom-Portnoy G, Schneck ME et al.: Seeing into old age: vision function beyond acuity. Optom Vis Sci. 76(3), 141-158, 1999. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213444 https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199903000-00014
  5. Owsley C, Stalvey B et al.: Older drivers and cataract; driving habits and crash risk. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 54(4), 203-211, 1999. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10219012 https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/54.4.M203
  6. Hakamies-Blomqvist LE: Fatal accidents of older drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 25(1), 19-27, 1993. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420531 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(93)90093-C
  7. Anu S, Sonja H: Driving licences and medical screening in old age: Review of literature and European licensing policies. J Transport Health. 2(1), 68-78, 2015. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214140514000632 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2014.09.003
  8. Koh KH, Jeon IC: A study on the change of contrast visual acuity according to the types functional spectacle lens for driving and illumination. Korean J Vis Sci. 20(2), 129-136, 2018. http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A105434714 https://doi.org/10.17337/JMBI.2018.20.2.129
  9. Lockhart TE, Atsumi B et al: Effects of planar and Non-planar driver-side mirror on Age-related discomfort glare responses. Saf Sci 44(3), 187-195, 2006. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582252 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2005.08.019
  10. Brabyn JA, Schneck ME et al: Night driving self-restriction: Vision function and gender differences. Optom Vis Sci. 82(8), 755-764, 2005. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16127342 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.opx.0000174723.64798.2b
  11. Owsley C, McGwin G Jr et al: Development of a questionnaire to assess vision problems under low luminance in age-related maculopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 47(2), 528-535, 2006. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16431946 https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.05-1222
  12. Lu ZL, Sperling G: Three-systems theory of human visual motion perception. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 18(9), 2331-2370, 2001. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11551067 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.18.002331
  13. Matsuo T, Negayama R et al: Correlation between depth perception by three-rods test and stereoacuity by distance randot stereotest. Strabismus 22(3), 133-137, 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25058604 https://doi.org/10.3109/09273972.2014.939766
  14. Kang BD, Lee HS et al: Evaluation of eye recovery time after glare exposure to oncomig headlight. Proceedings Conference Korea Automobile testing Res Inst. 4, 2139-2144, 2007. http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE00855677
  15. Kang BD, Kim HG: Evaluation of Glare and Forward Visibility of Headlamp for Elder Friendly Vehicle. J Korean inst illuminating Electrical installation Eng. 25(4), 1-6, 2011. http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82581592
  16. Hills BL: Vision, visibility, and perception in driving. Perception. 9(2), 183-216, 1980. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375327 https://doi.org/10.1068/p090183