• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.24 no.1 s.44
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1994

This study was attempted to explore the relationship between locus of control and the discomfort of the patients at the initial stage of the orthodontic treatment. Locus of control was measured by 'Locus of Control(LOC) scale for children' and 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale for children'. The discomfort was measured by 'discomfort index card' in 52 children and adolescent patients who initiate orthodontic treatment. In addition, locus of control of the patients' mothers was measured by 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLU) scale for parents'. The results were as follows : 1. The test-retest reliability of 'Locus of Control(LOC) scale for children' and 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale' was in the moderate to high range. 2. Out of 52 patients, 47 showed moderate to severe discomfort following placement of an initial archwire. The patients showed the most severe discomfort on the first day, and most of the discomfort was manifested within the first 3 days, then decreased until the 7th day. There was no significant difference in the discomfort according to sex and age. 3. The discomfort of the patients was the highest in the morning session when a day was divided into 4 sessions, i.e., morning, afternoon, evening, and night. 4. In the score of 'Locus of Control(LOC) scale for children' and 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale for children', the group of internal locus of control expressed more discomfort than the group of external locus of control. And there was no significant correlation between locus of control of the patients and that of their mothers. 5. There was no significant difference in the score of locus of control according to sex and me. However, the score of boys tended to be lower than that of girls and the score of primary school students higher than that of middle and high school students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to identify factors related to discomfort while speaking in the elderly and provide fundamental data for establishing oral health care policies for a healthy old age. Using the raw data from the 8th wave of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2020), we conducted an analysis to examine the relationship between speaking discomfort and mental health, as well as oral health care behavior, among 1,278 elderly individuals in Korea. Differences in speaking discomfort were analyzed based on general characteristics, mental health, and oral health care behavior using complex sample cross-analysis. Additionally, factors associated with speaking discomfort were analyzed using complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis. As a result, individuals with depression experienced higher levels of speaking discomfort (p<0.05), and individuals experiencing high levels of stress also reported higher levels of speaking discomfort (p<0.05). As a factor affecting speaking discomfort, it was found that speaking discomfort was 2.56 times higher (p<0.001) when dental care was not met, and speaking discomfort was 3.05 times higher (p<0.05) when teeth brushing was less frequent. As a result of the aforementioned findings, it is believed that a customized oral health promotion program is necessary to expand dental health insurance coverage for the elderly and improve oral healthcare.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.306-317
• /
• 2002

The Sample was consist of 216 female adults who were selected with my convenience from residing women in and around Seoul, Korea. The result were as fellowing; According to the factor analysis of their foot discomfort, it is divided into 3 factors: the discomfort of whole body (factor 1), the discomfort of foot sole (factor 2), and the discomfort of toes (factor 3). And the foot part of discomfort is more frequent in the order of the big toe, 2·3 metatarsal bones, and the little toe. As the age gets older, the discomfort of foot sole and toes are reported more frequently, and, particularly, more student and office employees have the discomfort of whole body while more sales women and housewives have the discomfort of foot sole. In terms of the shoe types, the higher the hill height, the more the discomfort of foot sole with wearing the sharp toe. As the wearing time is longer, the discomfort of foot sole increases. Being related to the from patterns, the broad and short type has more of the discomfort of foot sole, the flat foot feel more discomfort from the entire body and the sole. Walking with leaning toward the frontal the discomfort on toes and sole increases.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.528-548
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of college women s active and passive smoking on menstrual discomfort. The subjects were 252 college female students (active smokers, 71; people who passively inhaled others smoke, 104; nonsmokers who also didn't inhale others smoke, 77). Subjects were selected from 5 colleges in North Kyong Sang Province, Korea. Data was collected from March to June of 2000 with a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were the revised Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) developed by Moos(1968), general characteristic, menstrual characteristic, and smoking characteristic scale developed by researchers. The data were analysed by the SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows 1. There was no statistically significant difference of menstrual discomfort level among the active smokers, those who passively inhaled others smoke, and who did not inhale others smoke(F= 2.613, p= .075). 2. The mean score of menstrual discomfort was moderate(M= 60.8008, SD= 17.9243). The level of menstrual discomfort was various (minimum score 29.00- maximum score 110.0). 3. Factors influencing menstrual discomfort were on life stress events(F= 4.057, p = .045), irregular menstrual cycle(t = 3.968, p = .047), and amount of flow during menstruation(F = 4.018, p = .019). The recommendations from this study are necessity of further studies to investigate how heavy active and passive smoking have effect on menstrual discomfort.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Although security lights are used to secure pedestrian visibility and safety at nighttime, they can generate light trespass in the neighboring residential space. To prevent this, standards for acceptance limits on vertical illuminance and light pollution by the windows of residential buildings are presented. Method: This study thus representatively selected three types of lamps and, through an evaluation and analysis of the physical and subjective discomfort glare per lamp, proposed a discomfort glare index for each lamp. The evaluation and analysis according to the lamps were conducted through experiments. The variables were the security lights' lamps (NH 100W, MH 70W, LED 50W), installation angles ($0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$), and installation distances (3m, 5m, 7m, 9m). Result: According to the results of the discomfort glare evaluation depending on the angles and distances of the security lights, the following minimum standards are proposed: for NH 100W, a discomfort glare index of 30 and an installation distance of 4m; for MH 70W, a discomfort glare index of 32 and an installation distance of 4m; and, for LED 50W, a discomfort glare index of 31 and an installation distance of 6m, respectively. In addition, this paper recommends the use of MH 70W, when the road width is 4m-6m, and LED 50W, when the road width is over 6m, respectively.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate perceived discomfort of working postures in terms of upper body (back, shoulder, and elbow) flexions when an external load varies. Eighteen subjects participated in an experiment of appraising perceived discomfort of varying upper body postures with three levels of external loads given. The ANOVA results showed that the perceived discomfort of upper body postures was significantly affected by the external load. It was also apparent that the interactions between external load and upper body posture were significant (p< 0.001). The result implies that a new posture classification scheme for workload assessment methods may be in need to reflect such interactions between external load and upper body posture. In order to support the statement, a regression model of perceived discomfort of upper body postures obtained from the experiment was developed and compared to that of perceived discomfort of seven work-related postures found in automobile assembly operations. The correlation coefficient between predicted and actual values of perceived discomfort was about 0.96. It is expected that the result help to properly estimate the body stress resluting from worker's postures and external loads and can be used as a valuable design guideline on preventing work-related musculoskeletal diseases in industry.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study is to investigate the perceived discomfort for postures combined with shoulder flexion/extension and elbow flexion, and external load. 12 healthy male undergraduate and graduate students participated in this experiment. Experimental variables were the shoulder flexion/extension angle(-20°, 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°), the elbow flexion angle (0°, 45°, 120°), and the external load(0, 1.5Kg, 3Kg) as independent variables and a whole body perceived discomfort using Borg's CR10 as a dependent variable. The subjects maintained the given posture for 60 seconds and then rated the perceived discomfort. The ANOVA results showed that all main factors and two-way interactions were statistically significant at α=0.05. As a result of regression analysis to examine the effect of external load on the perceived discomfort, the perceived discomfort linearly increased as the level of external load increased. Then, the effect of external load on the perceived discomfort was quantitatively classified into three levels based on the result of regression analysis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this randomized, controlled, prospective clinical study was to evaluate patients' intraoperative discomfort during root canal preparations in which either multi-file rotary (Mtwo) or single-file reciprocating (Reciproc) systems were used. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five adult patients, aged between 25 and 69 years old, with irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis participated in this study. Either the mesiobuccal or the distobuccal canals for maxillary molars and either the mesiobuccal or the mesiolingual canals for mandibular molars were randomly chosen to be instrumented with Mtwo multi-file rotary or Reciproc single-file reciprocating systems. Immediately after each canal instrumentation under anesthesia, patient discomfort was assessed using a 1 - 10 visual analog scale (VAS), ranging from 'least possible discomfort' (1) to 'greatest possible discomfort' (10). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine significant differences at p < 0.05. Results: Little intraoperative discomfort was found in all cases. No statistically significant differences in intraoperative discomfort between the 2 systems were found (p = 0.660). Conclusions: Root canal preparation with multi-file rotary or single-file reciprocating systems had similar and minimal effects on patients' intraoperative discomfort.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.94-105
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and chewing discomfort and identify the role of food insecurity in the association's causal pathway in a representative sample of Korean elders. MATERIALS/METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015) data for elders aged ≥ 65 years. Socioeconomic status indicators used included household income and education level. Chewing discomfort was assessed according to the self-reported presence of chewing problems. Food security was surveyed using a questionnaire based on the US Household Food Security Survey Module. RESULTS: The odds ratios of chewing discomfort in the 1st and 2nd income quartiles were 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.10) and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.03-1.90), respectively, compared to participants in the highest income quartile. Participants with the lowest education level were 1.89 (95% CI, 1.30-2.75) times more likely to have chewing discomfort than those without chewing discomfort. After including food security in the final model, the logistic coefficients were attenuated in the income and education quartiles. CONCLUSIONS: Low socioeconomic status was associated with chewing discomfort. In addition, the results confirm that food insecurity can mediate the association between socioeconomic inequalities and chewing discomfort among the elderly.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.243-251
• /
• 2024

Objectives: This study used secondary data from the 2021 Community Health Survey to identify the impact of dysphagia on mental health-related characteristics among older adults, selecting 73,970 individuals aged 65 years and older. Methods: Frequency analysis, χ²-test, and multiple logistic regression were conducted to identify risk factors affecting mental health-related characteristics among older adults. Results: Dysphagia was most common among individuals with the following demographic characteristics: female, aged 85 years and older, three-generation household and household income in the 1st quintile. Chewing discomfort according to mental health-related characteristics was higher in older adults with cognitive impairment and depression. Sex, age, education level, household income, and chewing discomfort were significant for cognitive impairment, whereas sex, age, household type, education level, household income, and chewing discomfort were significant for depression. Conclusions: The above results confirmed that chewing discomfort contributes to mental health issues such as cognitive impairment and depression. It is therefore necessary to recognize chewing discomfort as an important health problem affecting the mental health of older adults, and to develop a multifaceted dental hygiene approach to target community-dwelling older adults who suffer from chewing discomfort.