• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.167-192
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• 2012

The purpose of the study aims to analyse the judgement criterion of arrived ship under voyage charterparty with the Merida Case. A ship is an arrived ship if she is in port and either able to proceed immediately to a berth or in such a position that she is at the immediate and effective disposition of the chaterparty. Identification of the specified destination-whether berth or port-impacts on the incidence of loss occasioned by delay in loading or discharging, when the delay is due to the place at which the vessel is obliged by the terms of the charterparty to load or discharge her cargo being occupied by other shipping. The Merida case is an appeal by the charterers from a final Arbitration award of two very experienced arbitrators, dated 20th April, 2009. The arbitrators held that a voyage charterparty, dated 5th February, 2007, of the vessel, The M/V Merida, entered into between charterers and the owners, was a port rather than a berth Charterparty. The Primary relevance of this distinction does to the allocation, as between owners and charterers, of the risk of delay caused by congestion at load and discharge ports. The question of law arising in this appeal is whether the arbitrators were right to conclude that the charterparty was a port and not a berth charterparty. The arbitrators additionary placed some reliance on a post-contractual e-mail from the agents, which suggested that charterers did not dispute the validity of the NOR-and, hence, that this was a port charterparty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.139-145
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• 2002

The flow zone through propeller jets are used in evaluating the environmental and constructional effects of navigation on the waterway. It relies on the characteristics of ships and water depth. A numerical model using the momentum theory of the propeller and Shield's diagram was developed in a restricted waterway. Equations for discharge are presented based on thrust coefficients and propeller speed and are the most accurate means of defining discharge. Approximate methods for discharge are developed based on applied ship's power. Equations for discharge are as a function of applied power, propeller diameter, and ship speed. Water depth of the waterway and draft of the shop are also necessary for the calculation of the grain size of the initial motion. The velocity distribution of discharge from the propeller was simulated by the Gaussian normal distribution function. The shear velocity and shear stress were from the Sternberg's formula. Case studies to show the influence of significant factors on sediment movement induced by the ship's propeller at the channel bottom are presented.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.106-114
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• 2003

The pressure ripple in the delivery port is caused by flow ripple, which is induced by variation of pumping chamber volume. The other reason is the reverse flow from the outlet volume produced by pressure difference between pumping chamber and outlet volume, when the pumping chamber is connected with the outlet volume. In this study, a mathematical model is presented for analyzing discharge pressure ripple, which includes vane detachment, cam ring movement , and fluid inertia effects in V-groove in the side plate. From the analysis and experiment, it was found that V-groove on the side plate, coefficient of spring supporting the cam ring, and average discharge pressure are the main factors of discharge pressure ripple in variable displacement vane pump. The theoretical results, provided in this study, were well agreed with experimental results. The analytical model to estimate the magnitude of pressure ripple in this study is expected to be used f3r the optimal design of the variable displacement vane pump.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2016

In this study, the dispersion process of pollutant substances in a port under wave and current environments was evaluated by a hydraulic experiment. Once the contaminants washed ashore into the port of Wolseong nuclear power plant, transport processes of pollutants were investigated by tracking the tracer according to the variations of experimental condition through a hydraulic experiment. Several hydraulic experiments were performed to analyze the pollutant discharge rate of the surface coming from the different coastal environments. From the hydraulic experiment results, the tracer concentration decreased exponentially. These results suggested that, after the tracer was transported to the open sea, a different gradient was shown under different conditions. For the case of a diluted condition, the half-life of flow rate was 2.70, 10.40, and 26.39 days for 30, 20 and 10 rpm in the left-side, respectively. The decrease of the tracer concentration under conditions of 30 rpm was much faster than that under conditions of 10 rpm. For the wave condition, the half-life of flow rate was 4.59 and 15.35 days for the right and left side of the port in a hydraulic scale prototype, respectively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.637-643
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• 2008

When planning outfall system, the first target cif design is to maximize initial dilution of discharge effluent. To achieve the target effectively, the characteristics of mixing phenomenon between ambient and discharged water should be analyzed. Especially the analysis at the Near-Field-Region(NFR) as initial dilution zone should be preceded. Usually, the initial behavior of effluent through outfall system is rising toward the surface due to mixing with ambient water for heat discharge and sinking toward the bottom due to the difference of density for brine discharge. After mixed with eddies accompanied by the ambient water, the plumes are showing the same density and internal current pattern by advection and diffusion. Until recently, lots of studies are being carried out for the optimum design of outfall system. but it is difficult to find any studies of heat and brine discharge at the same time. Therefore, this study is hoped to provide some basic data for optimum design of outfall system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.70-75
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• 2017

This paper presents the FEM analysis results on the deformation behavior safety of automatic cut-off horizontal and conventional vertical gas valves. Based on the FEM analysis, the primary maximum deformation of $4.4{\mu}m$ was formed on the right end side of a valve body when the internal gas pressure was supplied on the screw port and gas discharge port of an automatic cut-off horizontal gas valve. And the secondary maximum deformation of $2.9{\mu}m$ was formed on the end side of safety valve port. This small deformation of an automatic cut-off horizontal gas valve is strongly related to the balanced design of a horizontal gas valve main body, which is composed of a screw part, gas outlet port, port for a stem and spindle shaft assembly, and safety valve port. But, the primary maximum deformation of 0.076mm was formed on the upper part of a conventional automatic cut-off vertical gas valve when the internal gas pressure was supplied on the screw port and gas discharge port. And the secondary maximum deformation of 0.055mm was formed on the left end side of a gas outlet port. This may effect on the sealing clearance of o-ring that is inserted on the groove of an automatic cut-off unit. Thus, this paper recommends an automatic cut-off horizontal gas valve compared with that of a conventional gas valve for a gas leakage free mechanism of a LPG cylinder valve.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.96-105
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• 2001

R410a which is one of HFC refrigerants is being considered to be a promising replacement for R22 widely used in domestic air conditioners. The rolling piston type rotary compressors for R410a have lower energy efficiency than those for R22 because of the high pressure difference between a suction chamber and a discharge chamber in the compression mechanism. in addition, the re-expansion gas loss of the rotary compressor for R410a which occurs a ta clearance volume in a discharge port becomes larger than that for R22 due to high density of R410a refrigerant. Therefore, Pressure-Volume analyses for various design parameters of a discharge system were carried out to improve efficiency of a R410a rotary compressor. The results such as performance dta, over-compression loss, and re-expansion loss were acquired by P-V analyses and analyzed quantitatively. As a conclusion, the optimal specifications of several design parameters of a discharge system were obtained by analyzing P-V diagrams.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.125-148
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• 2017

This study analyzed the community structure of macrobenthic organisms in the subtidal area suffering under the influence of thermal discharge from the Uljin nuclear power plant during 2012-2013 and reviewed the temporal change in the faunal composition of the macrobenthic community using data from previous studies since the start of the plant operation in 1989. A total of 319 species were collected in 2012-2013, with a mean density of $3,330ind./m^2$ and a mean biomass of $131.96g/m^2$. These results were similar to those obtained in 2006-2007. The dominant species were not different from each other before and after the power plant operations began, but the faunal density near the power plant drainage port was significantly higher compared to those densities obtained from other stations. Spiophanes bombyx and Polydora sp., which is known as a pollution indicator species, was dominant only in the drainage port area. The study area consisted of two subregions with different macrobenthic communities depending on the water depth, which was similar to the results of the 2006-2007 survey. The macrobenthic community structures before and after the operation of the power plant in the coastal area were not changed, but there were seasonal differences in the long-term macrobenthic community structure which were strongly related to the thermal discharge from the power plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

As a large scale port development in coastal waters proceeds step by step and populations in the vicinity of port are getting increased, the issue on "how to dispose the treated municipal water and wastewater in harbor" brings peoples′ concern. The submarine outfall system discharges the primary or secondary treated effluent at the coastline or in deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding sea water and becomes very dilute. We intended in this paper to investigate the impact on dilution of effluent and the behavior of flume under the conditions of the seasonal and spatial temperature variations, which have not been noticeable in designing effective marine outfall system. To predict and analyze the behaviour and dilution characteristics of plume not just with the effluent temperature, but also with the seasonal variation of temperature of surround water and tidal changes, CORMIX(Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System)-GI have been applied. The results should be used with caution in evaluation the mixing zone characteristics of discharged water. We hope to help for the effective operation of outfall system, probable outfall design, protection of water quality, and warm water discharges from a power plant, etc.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.266-270
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• 2006

A case of an epidural abscess, a rare but possibly devastating complication of epidural instrumentation and catheterization, which occurred in a cancer pain patient with an epidural port connected to the epidural catheter, is described. Although cases of a catheter related epidural abscess have been intermittently reported, those following epidural port implantation are very rare, with no case having been reported in Korea. Herein, the case of a 31-year-old man, who developed an epidural abscess 54 days after subcutaneous implantation of an epidural port connected to an epidural catheter, is reported. Methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus was detected in a culture of the purulent discharge. Magnetic resonance imaging was essential, not only for the diagnosis of the epidural abscess, but also for determining the extent of spread. The patient refused further evaluation and treatment, and expired 22 days later.