• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.217-221
• /
• 2000

Objective : Brainstem hemorrhages usually result in much higher mortality and morbidty than any other intracranial vascular lesions. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the relationship of the radiological classification of the lesions and the clinical outcomes, and to evaluate the value of such classification on the choice of management modality. Method : Thirty seven patients with primary brainstem hemorrhage were managed medically or surgically between Oct. 1995 and Mar. 1998. The lesions were classified as two groups based on radiological findings as follows : Focal subependymal hematoma(group I, n＝7) and diffuse tegmentobasilar hemorrhage(group II, n＝30). The outcomes at discharge were retrospectively reviewed according to such classification. Result : The most common clinical pictures and radiological findings in each group were as followings : 1) Group I : focal compressive lesion which displaces rather than destroys brain tissue. It occurs in a younger age group and causes neurological deficits which are often partially reversible. Operative hematoma evacuation was performed in 43.3%. Their mean improved Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score was 4.7. 2) Group II : hypertensive brain stem hemorrhage. It usually causes a diffuse lesion occurring in an older age group and most often associated with profound irreversible neurological deficits which are often fatal. Operative hematoma evacuation was performed in 16.7%. Their mean improved GCS score was 1.4. In both conservatively treated group I and II has no siginificant clinical improvement. Conclusion : Although there is an overlap among them and the size of the group is small, the pathophysiologic classification of this lesion based on clinical features and radiological findings may be useful for decision of treatment method.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2004

For the last years, it has become hot issue such as disposal of the treated wastewater, which caused by increment of a population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The ocean outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into coastline or at the deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the see, surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. This paper deals ocean outfall design which effects to decision-making about marine environment management and wastewater treatment. In order to make predictions of dilution of discharged water and the trajectory of a plume, CORMIX has been used considering several elements including a seasonal and tidal changes. These solutions are strung together to provide basic data and general drawings for effective management of outfall.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.2B
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2011

Physical habitat assessment models based on Instream Flow Incremental Methodology have been developed as a decision making tool to estimate appropriate discharge for environmental flow and water use management. These models, however, require extensive knowledge on various academic disciplines, complicated input data, and empirical data. We propose a Simplified Habitat (SIMHAB) simulation model for the estimation of physical structure of fish habitat and environmental flow at the planning stage. SIMHAB is applied to a river system for which physical and ecological data are available, and its applicability is investigated. Simulated results appeared to be similar to field survey data and those of such models as PHABSIM and River2D. However, SIMHAB requires much less input data. As such, the proposed model, SIMHAB can easily be applicable to river restoration projects including designing of physical habitat, estimation of environmental flow, and water resource management.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.143-169
• /
• 2010

This is a case study of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital applying a real-time enterprise (RTE) strategy to improve customer satisfaction and operational efficiency with the main process of medical institutions. The hospital is applying an RTE strategy to get real-time information on occurrences at each contact point of the main process of the medical institution from reservation to discharge through dashboard and to resolve issues through rapid decision-making. The RTE strategy of the hospital has some summaries: First, the hospital has linked a hospital management strategy to the RTE strategy to build a patient-centered treatment process. Second, the hospital has operated a control tower for change management and implementation monitoring in the process of implementing the RTE strategy. Third, the hospital has built systematic RTE-based environment as an application program in which the nU System is linked to Business Processor Renovation (BPR) promoted from 2006 on. Fourth, the hospital is applying a strategy to improve efficiency in operating the hospital by increasing customer satisfaction, removing inefficiency and variability, and managing medical resources efficiently through the RTE strategy. Fifth, it has established an information-sharing system through authority management for each user in terms of RTE information. Sixth, it has supplemented limitations of short-term information of the RTE strategy by linking the key performance index to the cost information system in order to improve performance of the RTE strategy. Seventh, it has improved customer satisfaction and achieved higher performance in improving operational efficiency, as compared with rival hospitals, through the RTE strategy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 2008

This study aims to simulate the 3 dimensional (3D) model of Keum-man connection canal using geographic information system (GIS) as well as considering design in viewpoint of engineering. The canal connects from Keumkang to Mangyungkang in order to supply fresh water into Saemankeum lake. This study used 3 dimensional spatial planning model (3DSPLAM) process to generate the 3D model, which has not only several planning layers in actual process, but also their corresponding layers in modeling process to simulate 3D space of rural villages. The discharge of the canal is $20m^3/s$ on slope of 1/28,400 in the canal length of 14.2km, which consists of pipe line and open channel. This study surveyed the route of the canal and its surrounding environment for facilities to make images in the 3D graphic model. Besides, the present study developed data set in GIS for geogrphical surface modeling as well as parameters in hydraulic analysis for water surface profile on the canal using HEC-RAS model. From the data set constructed, this study performed analysis of water surface profile with HEC-RAS, generation of digital elevation model (DEM) and 3D objects, design of the canal section and route on DEM in AutoCAD, and 3D canal model and its surrounding 3D space in 3DMAX with virtual reality. The study result showed that the process making 3D canal model tried in this study is very useful to generate computer graphic model with the designed canal on the surface of DEM. The generated 3D canal can be used to assist decision support for the canal policy.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate optimization model of stay time in EMC. Methods: Data were collected at an EMC in a hospital using medical records from June to August in 2007. The sample size was 8,378. The data were structured by stay time for doctor visit, decision making, and discharge from EMC. Descriptive statistics were used to find out general characteristics of patients. Average mean and quantile regression models were adopted to estimate optimized stay time in EMC. Results: The stay times in EMC were highly skewed and non-normal distributions. Therefore, average mean as an indicator of optimal stay time was not appropriate. The total stay time using conditional quantile regression model was estimated about 110 min, that was about 166 min shorter than estimated time using average mean. Conclusion: According to these results, we recommend to use a conditional quantile regression model to estimate optimal stay time in EMC. We suggest that this results will be used to develop a guideline to manage stay time more effectively in EMC.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.4218-4225
• /
• 1976

To insure the safety of the drainage sluice, topogrophical change due to erosion as well as capability of discharging the design flow in a very important factor. In consideration of the fact that the drainage sluice is built in the sea, its construction has many topographically restricted problems and naturally requires a completeness of research and experiment. This thesis is a comparative and analytic study of discharging flow acting on the erosion at the bottom of the structure on the basis of the measured velocity on the downstream channel of the drainage sluice. (1) The measured velocity shows a little higher values than the computed velocity, because the measured velocity was observed at the surface of the stream. There fore, it is reasonable that the compated velocity should be taken in this study. (2) The field observation was conducted to have the measurement of the flow velocity without surveying the area of flow. Therefore, the coefficient of discharge could not be computed. The survey of the area of flow is planned to be conducted along with the measurement of the flow velocity. (3) The apron of the drainage sluice is free discharging type and it was designed to be about 80m in length less than it should be. (4) The apron of free flow discharging type should have a solid foundation to protect the structure by preventing erosion damage to upstream and downstream channels against weathering of rock and strong torrent. Whether free flow discharging type or energy-dissipating type is best chosen depends on the topographical condition of the forage site, therefore, there would be a comparative study before the final decision was made about the protrection for the structure. (5) It is considered to be appropriate that the design and construction of the drainage sluice should have a complete study which is based on hydraulie model test before the type of protection is decided. (6) It is much requested that a variety of experiment equipments be installed and observed to study the protection for the drainage sluice.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2016

Emergency and evacuation planning is critical to reduce potential loss of life from flooding. In order to develop evacuation plans, emergency managers and decision makers require estimates of probable inundation areas and times of inundation. In this paper, we present an agent-based modeling approach that incorporates in a hydrodynamic model to estimate both of these properties. A case study is conducted modeling the failure of a dam located in Andong, South Korea. We estimate flood travel times for Manning's roughness coefficients and discharge using a coupling of the continuity equation and Manning's equation. Using the output from the hydrodynamic model and the flood travel times, the agent-based model produces flood inundation maps at each time interval. The model estimates that for two-thirds of the Andong region the time of inundation is estimated to be slightly less than three minutes. The results of this study can be used to in the development of emergency and evacuation planning for the region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.6 no.2 s.21
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2006

The objective of this research is to develop a least cost system design method for branched storm sewer systems while satisfying all the design constraints using heuristic techniques such as genetic algorithm and harmony search. Two sewer system models have been developed in this study. The SEWERGA and SEWERHS both determine the optimal discrete pipe installation depths as decision variables. Two models also determine the optimal diameter of sewer pipes using the discrete installation depths of the pipes while satisfying the discharge and velocity requirement constraints at each pipe. Two models are applied to the example that was originally solved by Mays and Yen (1975) using their dynamic programming(DP). The optimal costs obtained from SEWERGA and SEWERHS are about 4% lower than that of the DP approach.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.15 no.3 s.56
• /
• pp.195-212
• /
• 2005

Surface subsidence which occurs with several reasons, such as collapse of gangway, discharge of groundwater, compaction of weak rock mass, and tunnel excavation in shallow depth, gives rise to a serious problem in national infra-structures. In this study, therefore, the mechanism of subsidence has been examined numerically to overcome the passive approach on subsidence occurrence area. With many kinds of numerical studies, the major geotechnical parameters have been selected and the weighted values have been defined for each parameters. Also the authors developed the numerical program which can estimate the possibility of subsidence occurrence, and proposed the decision method for objective and quantitative guideline. It is anticipated that this research will be helpful to establish the hazard map on subsidence region.