• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1999

Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of volatile flavor extracts from Agastache rugosa were investigated. The volatile flavor extracts were obtained from leaves and stems of Agastache rugosa by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against several microorganisms of Bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium xerosis, Staphylo coccus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Agrobacterium rhizogenes , Agrobacterium tumefaciences, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Volatile flavor extractsfrom leaves have strong antimicrobial activity against C.utilis and S.cerevisiae. When 0.12% volatile flavor extracts from fresh leaves were included in the medium, lag phase of C. utilis was extended 6 hr and that of S.utilis and S.cerevisiae was extended 2hr. Further analyses were performed to elucidatethe effective component of the extracts. The major component of volatile flavor was estragole, a phenolic compound. Minor components were determined to be terpenes , alcohols, acids , esters, ketones and aldethydes.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.208-213
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• 2010

The aerial parts of methanol extract of Oxystelma esculentum (MEOE) (Asclepiadaceae) was evaluated for in vitro lipid peroxidation and antimicrobial activity. Lipid peroxidation was assayed by the change in optical density of the various concentrations (20 - 320 ${\mu}g$/ml) and the percentage inhibition was estimated. Ascorbate/FeSO4-induced peroxidation was inhibited by MEOE and standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT and the percentage inhibition of the methanol extract was increased with dose dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ value of the MEOE, BHA and BHT for lipid peroxidation was found to be 135.24 ${\mu}g$/ml, 25.62 ${\mu}g$/ml and 17.13 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of MEOE was determined by disc diffusion method with three grampositive, five gram-negative and two fungal microorganisms. MEOE exhibited the antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms except Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC 98). In present study, it is concluded that MEOE has significant effect in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and possesses good antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.755-760
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• 2013

The present study is synthesis of derivatives of N'-(4-amino-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)-2-(1H-benzimidazole-2-ylsulfanyl) acetohydrazide (IV). Antibacterial activity tested against the E. coli and A. Substilis. Biological activities conducted by disc diffusion method. Compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_3$, $2MB_5$ inhibit the appreciable microbial growth while rest of the compound possess the moderate activities. Anti-inflammatory activity tested by reduces local edema induced in the rat paw by injection of phlogestic agent. Compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_8$, $2MB_5$, $2MB_3$ and $2MB_6$ exhibit satisfying anti-inflammatory activity while analgesic activity conducted by acetic acid induced writhing effect in mice while compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_4$ and $2MB_7$ having the good analgesic activity. The chemical structures of all newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their IR, $^1H$ NMR and mass spectral data.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2016

The antimicrobial effects of methanol and ethanol extracts of Inula britannica against several Helicobacter pylori strains (26695, J99, and SS1) were evaluated in vitro, to determine their applicability as functional foods. In the paper disc diffusion method, the antimicrobial effects of the I. britannica extracts against the H. pylori strains were apparent. Viable cell counting also showed that the extracts at 100 μg/ml concentration dramatically decreased the viability of the H. pylori strains. In particular, the methanol and ethanol extracts at a concentration of 100 μg/ml reduced the H. pylori SS1 cell number to 2.46 log CFU/ml and 1.08 log CFU/ml, respectively. In the presence of 100 μg/ml extracts, the urease production of H. pylori SS1 was decreased to more than 30%, whereas that of H. pylori J99 and H. pylori 26695 was decreased to about 20%, relative to the controls. The extracts inhibited the attachment of the H. pylori strains to human gastric AGS cells as well as caused the detachment of already attached H. pylori cells. In addition, the H. pylori morphology was changed to a coccoidal shape in the presence of the extracts. In conclusion, the I. britannica extracts were effective against H. pylori strains in vitro, irrespective of genotype status, and could therefore be used as novel functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2017

We have studied the antifungal effect of 19 medicinal plants with paper disc diffusion method against candida albicans. As a result, Sanguisorba officinalis L., Cinnamomum cassia, Rheum coreanum, Perilla frutescens and Eugenia caryophyllata have been found to be effective against C. albicans. Among these, Sanguisorba officinalis L. was most effective at 24 hours and 48 hours. Its clear zone diameter was 17 mm for 24 hours and 16 mm for 48 hours. The antifungal activity of the solvent fraction of Sanguisorba officinalis L. by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol was the best for the chloroform fraction of 28 mm for 24 hours and 18 mm for 48 hours. The MIC concentration of the chloroform fraction was $80{\mu}g/50{\mu}l$ at 24 hours and $240{\mu}g/50{\mu}l$ at 48 hours.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2009

In this study, antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from domestic beef on sale in Busan and Gyeongnam province was investigated from March to October 2008. A total of 400 beef samples were collected for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance, and 39 (9.8%) strains of E. coli were isolated. Antimicrobial resistance test was carried out by agar disc diffusion method with 17 antimicrobials. In general, E. coli isolates showed the highest antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline (85.3%), followed by doxycycline (76.5%), streptomycin (61.8%) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (61.8%). Then they showed higher resistance to several antimicrobials like kanamycin and neomycin (55.9%). However, They had low antimicrobial resistance to amikacin (8.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2.9%). Of 39 isolates, 31 (79.5%) were resistant to more than 2 antimicrobials. Among 17 antimicrobials examined, tetracyclines were the most resistant, followed by aminoglycosides, sulfonamides. The resistance was seemed to be correlated to amounts of antimicrobial use. In the result of this study, we suggest that there be need to regulate the abuse of antimicrobial on food-producing animals in Korea because the concern on antimicrobial resistant is gradually increased worldwide.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2020

Enterovirulent Escherichia coli are among the most important causes of diarrhea in cattles. Between January and December, 2017, a total of 150 stool specimens from cattles were investigated for enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) using real-time PCR. 131 E. coli were isolated from feces. The most frequently isolated pathotype in feces was EHEC (37 isolates). EPEC, ETEC and EAEC were detected in feces with 14, 7 and 3 respectively. EIEC was not detected. Antimicrobial resistance test was performed by agar disc diffusion method with 14 antimicrobials. Enterovirulent E. coli isolates showed the highest antimicrobial resistance to ampicillin 61.3%, followed by tetracycline 54.5% and streptomycin 45.5%. They had low resistance to amikacin 11.4%. Of 44 isolates, 37 (84.1%) were resistant to more than 2 antimicrobials. futher study a highest antimicrobial susceptibility to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 50.0% and florofenicol 47.7%.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2015

Aloe is a popular and effective agent used to cosmetic ingredient. It could replace artificial pigment on make-up base product and it is highly probable that might be useful as ingredients of multi-functional color cosmetic. In this study, we made a makeup base containing aloe extract and tested the effectiveness, safety and stability. Contents of polyphenol and flavonoid from the aloe extract were measured. To determine the antimicrobial effect from the aloe we used the paper disc diffusion method. We assessed the safety of make-up base containing aloe to cultured macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by MTT assay. Polyphenol contents of aloe extract and flavonoid respectively were 48 mg/g and 10 mg/g, in the 10 % concentration aloe extract. In case of aloe make-up base, the clear zone against Stapylococcus epidermidis was 9~11 mm and Stapylococcus aureus was also 9~11 mm. Growth activity of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells was over 80% in all concentration of make-up base containing aloe and general make base product. In conclusion aloe extract may be able to substitute the synthetic pigments and considered to be uses for ingredients multi-functional color cosmetic's ingredient.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2021

As part of our attempt to discover novel active compounds against multi-drug resistant pathogens, we hereby report two new complexes of iron(III) with formulae: [Fe(L₁)₂(H₂O)₂]Cl₃ and [Fe(L₁)₂(L₂)(H₂O)]Cl₂ where L₁ = 1,10-phenanthroline (C₁₂H₈N₂) and L₂ = guanide (C₅H₄N₅O^-). The synthesized complexes were characterized using spectroscopic analysis (ESI-MS, ICP-OES, FT-IR, and UV-Vis), cyclic voltammetry, CHN analysis, gravimetric chloride determination, melting point determination, and conductance measurement. Octahedral geometries are assigned to both complexes. In vitro antibacterial activity was tested on two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The complexes demonstrated appreciable activity against these pathogens. Interestingly, the [Fe(L₁)₂(L₂)(H₂O)]Cl₂ complex manifested a higher degree of inhibition against the drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria than the commercially available drug, namely erythromycin.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 2020

In this study, octadecyldimethyl(3-triethoxy silylpropyl)ammonium chloride (ODDMAC) incorporated with Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics with different environmental conditions such as various temperature and time intervals. First, ODDMAC (15 weight %) was dissolved in ethanol. Then PET fabrics immersed in the ODDMAC solution at 25 ℃ for 10 minutes and dried at 80 ℃ for 5 minutes. The dried PET/PDDMAC fabrics carried out for curing process out at 110 ℃ ~ 190 ℃. The treated PET/ODDMAC has examined the surface and side coating properties through SEM analysis and elemental analysis. PET/ODDMAC fabric washed with water up to 50 times and studied the durability of the materials. It was confirmed that the treated PET fabric also exhibited good water repellency. In addition, the antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli were studied by the disc diffusion method on the treated fabric.