• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1990년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.34-35
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• 1990

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2003

기온을 중심으로 한 농업기후 조건을 분석하여 통일한국 벼농사의 가장 기본적인 지역별 벼 생육기간을 조사하여 앞으로 기후변화에 대응한 벼 품종육성 및 재배법 기술개발에 기후생태 적응 기초기술을 중장기적으로 확대 적용할 수 있는 기초자료를 확립 하고자, 우리나라 최북단 웅기(42$^{\circ}$N)와 남단 제주(31$^{\circ}$N)까지의 9개 지역을 중심으로 농업기후 조건을 분석하였다. 벼 생육기간은 재배양식별 파종시기부터 출수후 등숙 만한기까지의 생육 가능 유효기온 출현시기와 지속 기간을 조사하여 결정하였으며, 재배양식별 유효기온의 출현 첫시기로는 기계이앙 보온절충못자리의 경우는 일평균기온 1$0^{\circ}C$ 출현시기, 건답직파는 일평균기온 13$^{\circ}C$ 출현시기 그리고 담수직파는 일평균기온 15$^{\circ}C$ 출현시기를 조사하였다. 한편 벼 재배양식에 따라 출수기의 조만은 있을 수 있지만 등숙만한기 결정 유효 기온은 동일하므로 일평균기온 15$^{\circ}C$가 출현하는 마지막 날(출현종일)을 조사하였다. 그 결과로 위도별 북한부터 남한까지의 벼재배양식 별 벼 생육기간(파종기∼등숙만한기)을 보면 북산의 웅기(42$^{\circ}$N, 표고 3m) 지역은 기계이앙의 경우 138일, 건답직파 115일, 담수직파 97일이었으며, 안주(39$^{\circ}$N, 표고 27m)지역은 기계이앙 160일, 건답직파 144일, 담수직파 139일이었다. 한편 남한의 수원(37$^{\circ}$N, 표고 33.6m) 지역은 기계이앙의 경우 180일, 건답직파 166일, 담수직파 152일이었으며, 광주(35$^{\circ}$N, 표고 70.5m) 지역은 기계이앙 195일, 건답직파 180일, 담수직파 170일 이었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2019

본 연구는 고품질 산양삼의 표준재배기술 개발을 위해 직파 및 이식재배에 따른 산양삼의 생육특성을 조사하여 재배유형이 산양삼의 생육에 미치는 효과를 구명하고자 하였다. 재배유형 별 처리구에 따라 산양삼 종자를 점파 및 조파로 파종하고, 종근을 이식하여 산양삼 종자의 발아율 및 종근의 생존율을 조사하였다. 산양삼 종자는 점파재배 시 종자의 크기가 6.5 mm 이상일 때 발아율이 유의적으로 가장 높았고, 이식재배는 주근직경이 10 mm 이상, 재식거리는 7 cm 이하, 복토두께는 2 cm 이하 일 때 종근의 생존율이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 재배유형별 산양삼의 생육특성은 점파재배 시 종자크기가 6.5 mm 이상, 파종립수는 3립, 파종간격은 5 cm 이하일 때 산양삼의 지상부 생육이 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 조파재배에서는 파종간격이 30 cm, 종자의 파종량은 23 g 이하일 때 산양삼의 지하부 및 지상부의 생육이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이식배재에서는 주근직경이 10 mm 이상인 종근의 뇌두방향을 위 또는 아래를 향하도록 이식하였을 때 산양삼의 지상부 생육이 유의적으로 높은 것을 확인하였다. 향후 재배유형과 산양삼의 생육특성과 더불어 입지환경과의 상관관계를 분석할 수 있다면 보다 정확한 산양삼의 최적 재배 및 환경조건의 확립이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 기존 재배자의 경험에만 의존하던 산양삼의 재배 관리 기술을 보다 명확하게 확립할 수 있었고, 나아가 고품질 산양삼의 생산기술의 확립을 통해 임업인의 소득을 증대시키고 산양삼의 산업 활성화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1992

벼 담수직파재배법 확립을 위하여 질소시비수준, 생장억제제, 그리고 파종밀도를 달리하여 담수표면직파재배 실험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 질소 시비 수준, 파종 밀도에 따른 수량의 변이에는 처리간 아무런 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았는데 그 원인은 심한 도복 발생으로 생각된다. 2. 생장조절제 PP333의 처리에 의한 간장은 3-4Cm 짧아졌으나 이것이 도복억제에는 크게 기여하지 못했다. 3. 담수표면직파의 경우 단위 면적당 영화수를 최대로 하는 적정파종량은 6Kg 종자 / 10a 수분이었다. 4. 담수표면 직파 재배에서 안정된 수량을 얻기 위해서는 도복 억제가 필수적이며 이는 재배법을 통해서 보다는 도복 저항성 품종의 개발을 통해서 가능 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2007

The special project was conducted at the cooperative farm where located at Yakjeon-ri Sukcheon-gun Pyeongannam-do, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. This farm was firstly introduced a newly developed technology-"Bokto seeding technology" for rice cultivation from the Republic of Korea. Total acreage of rice paddy field cultivated by this technology was 800ha and the average yield was 7.17t/ha with paddy rice which was higher by 109.2% than that of the transplanting method for rice cultivation. In general rice disease was decreased at the Bokto seeded rice plant compared to the transplanted rice plant and root activity was higher in Bokto seeded rice. Optimum seeding amount was determined at rate of 90kg/ha in Pyeongdo 5(early ripening variety) and 110kg/ha at Pyeongdo 11(medium ripening variety) and Pyeongyang 43(late ripening variety), respectively. A recommended sowing time was within late April for late ripening variety like Pyeongyang 43, May 1-5 for medium ripening variety, and May 5-15 for early ripening variety.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 1998

To know possibility of raw ginseng production for white- and red-ginseng by direct-sowing culture, seeds were directly sowed or seedlings were transplanted at soil condition of sandy loam in ginseng field. After cultivation, the characters of 5-year-old ginseng were investigated. Number of survived plants was increased with increase the seeding quantity in direct-sowing culture, the survived plants in direct-sowing culture was higher than that of transplanting one. Rate of the numbers of survived plants to numbers of seeds sowed in plots of 134 or 90 seeds sowed per tan, 180 x 90cm area, inspire of high number of survived plant was high compared to that of transplanting culture. Occurrence rate of rusty root of ginseng in direct-sowing culture was low significantly compared to that of transplanting culture. Root yield showed in the order of 134, 268, 90 seeds sowed, the values of yield in direct-sowing culture were high obviously compared to that of transplanting one. Individual root weight was increased with decrease the seeding quantity, however, the root weight in plot of 90 seeds sowed showed almost equal the weight in transplanting culture. The number of usable raw ginseng for white- and red-ginseng was increased with decrease of the seeding quantity; the numbers were higher than that of transplanting culture remarkably. We concluded that optimum seedling rate in direct-sowing culture of ginseng was 90 to 134 seeds per tan considering the yield per area and production rate of large root.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 1997

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.200-222
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• 1992

The results of recent researches for improvement of seedling stand in direct seeded rice on the dry paddy in Korea were summarized as the following ; a variety to be cultivated should be chosen the characteristics of high percentage germination under low temperature, shorter period of shoot emergence, and better growth of the mesocotyl and shoots. Meanwhile, there was 40% increase in seedling stand at the treatment of removal of the seed awn under using the drill seeder. After seeding the rice seed covered with soil of 3cm depth was better seedling emergence and also there was the hightest seedling emergence at the 70% of moisture content of the soil. In addition, the application of the Release containing GA 10% enabled to increase the seedling stand and furthermore it was effective under deep seeding depth. The optimum seeding date should be seeded around May 10 when mean air temperature is above 12-13$^{\circ}C$ so that may establish more less 70% in seedling stand. Based on an appropriate seedling stand of 150/$m^2$, the optimum seeding rate was 5kg/10a. It was the best in seeding method using drill seeder and the most desirable recommended seeding method was the drill seeder in terms of seedling stand. In order to improve seedling stand water management was more effective in canal irrigation and in drainage at 6hr after irrigation following by the seeding process. On the other hand, for the increase of seedling stand under flooded condition a variety might have characters being better germination at low concentration of dissolved oxygen and vertically deeper growing of the crown root. Also, seedling stand was able to increase with the seed coating of $CaO_2$in the flooded soil. It was possible to be seeded on the early part of May being mean air temperature of avove 10$^{\circ}C$ and the optimum seeding rate was 5kg/10a. For an effective water management water would be flooded up to 3cm depth for 2-3 weeks after seeding. The rice plant grown under the direct seeded cultivation might be not so much strong in lodging resistance compared to that grown under the transplanting and moreover direct seeded rice cultivation under flooded condition would be more weak growth of the rice plant than that on dry paddy. Meanwhile, the lodging would be affected by the seeding rate, the soil depth after seeding. and seeding method even in the same variety. In particular, roots in the lodging pattern of direct seeded rice cultivation under flooded condition were largely distributed on the soil surface so that resulted easily in the lodging. In general, the lodging resistance would be greater as seeding rate and amount of N fertilizer application are lower and soil depth after seeding is higher. Among the introduction of different seeding method the high ridged drill seeding method on dry paddy soil resulted in the lowest in the lodging index and also it was lower in the drill seeding method than in the scattering seeding method under flooded condition. In case of more than 150 seedlings per $m^2$ there was a severe lodging due to high lodging index at the 3rd and 4th internodes. The effective lodging prevention was able to at the treatment of the Inabenfide at 45 days before heading and the Uniconazol at 15 days before heading which caused the shortage by 10-15cm in culm length. Also, fertilizer management using split application of nitrogen would be contributed the reduction of lodging at the rate of 20-30-20-20-10%(basal-5th leaf stage-7th leaf stage-panicle initiation stage-heading stage) on the dry paddy soil.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

In order to save labor and cost, direct seeding has been considered as an important alternative to the machine transplanting in rice cultivation. Current direct seeding machines for rice in Korea drill irregularly under various operating conditions. This study was conducted to develope a precision seeder which enables the accurate, even-spaced in row placement of rice seeds at uniform depths of 3-4 cm on dry paddy. Design, construction and performance evaluation of the precision seeder were carried out. The tractor rear-mounted type 8-rows precision seeder which performs seeding in addition to fertilizing, ditching, and rotary tilling works on dry paddy was developed. Main components of the seeder were ditcher and leveller, rotary tiller, powered roller type furrow opener, seeding device, powered roller type furrow covering and firming device, hydraulic unit, seeding speed control system, power transmission system, hitch and frame. Ditching, furrow opening, and seed covering and firming performances were good and seeding depths of 2-4 cm could be maintained. Planting accuracies and planting precisions were within 13.6%, and 31.2%, respectively, for planting space of 15 cm, and seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s. These mean variations of average planting space were within 2.1 cm, and 90% of seeds in a hill were seeded within 4.7 cm of hill length, respectively. Error ratios between setting planting space and measured average planting space were shown within 6.7%. Therefore the seeder showed good planting performance up to seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s in field tests. And field capacity of the seeder was about 0.28 ha/hour.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2005

In order to save labor and cost, direct seeding has been considered as an important alternative to the machine transplanting in rice cultivation. As current seeders for direct seeding of rice seeds drill irregular amount of seeds under various operating conditions, conventional drilling should be turned to precision planting which enables accurate placement of proper amount of rice seeds at equal intervals within rows. In this study, design, construction and performance evaluation of a precision seed metering device for planting of rice seeds were carried out. As prototype, the conventional roller type seed metering device was modified for planting: increasing diameter of metering roller, setting 2 or 4 seed cells on metering roller, adding seed discharging lid and its driving cam mechanism. Through performance tests for prototype and the current seed metering device, number of seeds in a hill, planting space and its error ratio, coefficient of variation of planting space (planting accuracy), and seeding length of $90\%$ of seeds in a hill divided by planting space (planting precision) at setting planting spaces of 15, and 20cm, seeding heights of 10, and 20cm, and seeding speeds of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5m/s were investigated. Prototype showed better seed planting performance than the current seed metering devices. When setting planting space of 15 cm and seeding height of 10cm, prototype with 2 seed cells showed that variations of planting space and seeding lengths of $90\%$ of seeds in a hill at up to seeding speed of 0.5m/s were within 0.9cm, and 3.6cm, respectively.