• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2004

Neutral salt-soluble, hot water-soluble and methanol-soluble materials (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from sclerotium of Grifola umbellata. The Fr. NaCl and Fr. HW did not show any direct cytotoxicity against NIH3T3, Sarcoma 180 and MCF-7, but Fr. MeOH showed cytotoxicity against these cell lines at the concentration of $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl showed antitumor effect with life prolongation of 66.7% and decrease the number of Sarcoma 180 cells of 54.2% in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NaCl improved the immunopotentiation activity through alternative complement pathway and the alkaline phosphatase activity by $85.05{\sim}88.73%$ and 6 folds, respectively. The number of peritoneal exudate cells and the circulating leucocytes were increased by 1.7 and 3.6 folds in the Fr. NaCl treating group compared with the control group, respectively. The weight of immunoorgans such as liver, spleen and thymus were also gradually increased. The hematological analysis of the Fr. NaCl group was similar with that of the control group. The total polysaccharide and protein contents of Fr. NaCl were 98.25% and 1.44%, respectively. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of Fr. NaCl was exerted through immunopotentiation, but not through cytotoxicity against the tumor cells.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.463-466
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• 2006

직접 알콜 연료전지는 액체인 알콜을 직접 연료전지에 공급하여 연소시킴으로써 높은 효율을 갖는 휴대용전원으로 주목받는 장치이다. 직접 알콜 연료전지에 담지체로 사용되는 탄소 소재는 넓은 표면적과 우수한 전기전도도를 가지고 있다는 장점 있으나 금속 촉매와의 상호작용이 약하여 촉매 활성에 영향을 주지 못한다. 산화물을 담지체로 사용할 경우 이러한 금속-담지체 간의 상호작용으로 인한 촉매활성 증가 및 입자성장 억제의 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는, 안티몬 도핑된 주석산화물 (Sb-doped SnO2 : ATO nanoparticle)을 직접 메탄올 연료전지용 담지체어 적용하였으며 합성 과정은 다음과 같다. SnC14 5H2O SbC13, NaOH, HCl 수용액 혼합물을 삼구 플라스크에 넣고 $100^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 환류(reflux) 시킨 후 세척 및 건조하여 Air 분위기에서 열처리하였다. 합성된 산화물 수용액에 폴리올 방법으로 합성된 백금 콜로이드를 담지하였으며, 세척과 건조를 통하여 산화물에 담지된 백금 촉매를 촉매를 합성하였다. 촉매의 구조분석을 위해 XRD, TEM을 사용하였으며, 전극촉매로서의 활성을 평가하기 위해 cyclic voltammetry을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 백금의 담지량에 따른 Costripping voltammetry특성과 메탄올 및 에탄올 산화 반응 특성에 대하여, 탄소를 담지체로 사용한 Pt/C 촉매와 비교 평가하였다. 알콜 산화반응 평가결과, 주석산화물에 담지한 촉매가 탄소를 담지체로 사용한 촉매보다 우수한 활성을 나타내었으며 활성증가는 메탄올에 비해 에탄올 산화 반응의 경우 크게 증가하였다. 막과 비교해 보았다. $ZrO_2$ 입자는 전도성이며 동시에 친수성을 나타내기 때문에 상용 막에 비하여 함수율 및 수소이온 전도도가 우수하게 나타났다. 복합막의 이러한 물성은 $100^{\circ}C$이상의 고온에서 전해질 막 내의 물 관리를 용이하게 한다. 단위 전지 운전 온도 $130^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 37%의 운전 조건에서도 상당히 우수한 전지 성능을 보임에 따라 고온/저가습 조건에서 상용 Nafion 112 막보다 우수한 막 특성을 나타냄을 확인하였다.소/배후방사능비는 각각 $2.18{\pm}0.03,\;2.56{\pm}0.11,\;3.08{\pm}0.18,\;3.77{\pm}0.17,\;4.70{\pm}0.45$ 그리고 $5.59{\pm}0.40$이었고, $^{67}Ga$-citrate의 경우 2시간, 24시간, 48시간에 $3.06{\pm}0.84,\;4.12{\pm}0.54\;4.55{\pm}0.74 $이었다. 결론 : Transferrin에 $^{99m}Tc$을 이용한 방사성표지가 성공적으로 이루어졌고, $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin의 표지효율은 8시간까지 95% 이상의 안정된 방사성표지효율을 보였다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin을 이용한 감염영상을 성공적으로 얻을 수 있었으며, $^{67}Ga$-citrate 영상과 비교하여 더 빠른 시간 안에 우수한 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러므로 $^{99m}Tc$<

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2014

The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimycobacterial effects of hop plant, Humulus japonicus. Methanol extract of H. japonicus (MeOH extract) showed strong direct bactericidal effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. Furthermore, the MeOH extract significantly inhibited M. tuberculosis growth in human macrophages. When five fractions obtained from MeOH extract were examined using the same methods, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed bactericidal effects against M. tuberculosis in vitro, whereas the butanol and water fractions inhibited M. tuberculosis growth in macrophages. Because H. japonicus extract exhibited antimycobacterial activity against both free M. tuberculosis in culture medium and intracellular M. tuberculosis in human macrophages, this plant might be a good candidate for development of a new anti-tuberculosis drug.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.282-293
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• 2008

Partially sulfonated poly(aryl ether sulfone) membranes were prepared from the sulfonated sulfone monomer, which was synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution, non-sulfonated monomers and potassium carbonate by a direct polymerization method and a subsequent solution casting technique with mixed solvents of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc). To investigate the effect of mixed solvent, the volume ratios of NMP and DMAc were varied in the range of $0{\sim}100%$ and the degrees of sulfonation of the copolymers were fixed as 50%. The surface properties of the resulting membranes were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), and a comparative study of the morphology changes and the physicochemical properties such as proton conductivity and methanol permeability was achieved. It was found that proton conductivities depend on the volume ratio of NMP-DMAc mixed solvents, and the proton conductivity determined at the condition of $25^{\circ}C$ and 100% relative humidity was $1.38{\times}10^{-1}\;S/cm$ for the membrane prepared in the 50:50 v/v-% of NMP : DMAc mixed solvent.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.1 s.142
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

Inflammation in the brain has known to be associated with the development of a various neurologiacal diseases. The hallmark of neuro-inflammation is the activation of microglia, brain macrophage. Pro-inflammatory compounds including nitric oxide(NO) are the main cause of neuro-degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. In the study, we examined whether Harmonia axyridis extracts inhibit the NO production by a direct method using Griess reagent, western blotting and by RT-PCR(Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reactionin) the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS). Distilled water$(H_2O)$ and methanol(MeOH) extracts of H. axyridis inhibited the protein expression of TNF-a(Tumor Necrosis Factor) and IL-6(Interleukin) in LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) stimulated BV-2 cells at the concentration of 100 ng/ml. Incubation of BV-2 cells with the extracts of $H_2O$ of MeOH inhibited the LPS induced NO and iNOS protein. And this inhibition of iNOS protein is concordant with the inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression. These data suggested that H. axyridis extracts may play a crucial role in inhibiting the NO production.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 1991

One of water and/or methanol extracts from 14 herbal deugs which were screened using murine splenocytes showed immunosuppressive activities previously. After water extract from Xanthium strumarium was treated with chloroform. $100 \mu{g/ml}$ of water layer (XS-WCI) has very strong immunosimulating activities tested by $^3H$-thmidine incorporation (control as $100 \mu{g/ml}$, 26345 cpm was 69515 cpm). MLR also appears to be simulated strongly (control vs $100 \mu{g/ml}$, 4962 cpm vs 78688 cpm). When $100 \mu{g/ml}$ of XS-WCI and $0.8 \mu{g/ml}$ of concanavalin a (ConA) were added. more $^3H$-thymidine were incorporated significantly, compared with $0.8 \mu{g/ml}$ of ConA only. In contrast with ConA. results from $5 \mu{/ml}$ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and $100 \mu{g/ml}$ of XS-WCI were not different. compared with $5\mu{/ml}$of LPS only. These results indicated the responses of XS-WCI to B cell and T cell may be different. XS-WCI was injected intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg. 50mg/kg/ 100 mg/kg) for 4 days or 10 days and tested secretion of IgM or IgG by direct and indirect hemolytic plaque-forming cell assays, respectively. Numbers of hemolytic plaques for both IgM and IgG were increased significantly. Especially, secretion of IgGs was increased more than 10 times. After administration of XS-WCI for 7 days (50 mg/kg. 100 mg/kg) splenomegaly deu to graft vs host reaction was observed. Human lymhocytes separated from whole blood by Ficoll-Hypaque method were also proliferated after treatment of $10 \mu{g/ml}$ and $50 \mu{g/ml}$ of XS-WCI. As seen in murine lymphocytes, human lymphocyte proliferation was increased synergistically after treatment with both of XS-WCI and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). It appears that XS-WCI may have potential immunosimulating activities and that it remains to be purified further for isolation of active components.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 1996

In order to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for fumonisins, production of specific antibodies, establishment of ELISA conditions, and quantitation of the toxin from spiked corns by ELISA were performed. Fumonisin $B_1(FB_1)$ conjugated to cholera toxin (CT) with or without Freund's adjuvant was subcutaneously injected into 2 groups of rabbits. When the titer of the antisera produced by each rabbit was tested, higher titer was observed in case of the immunization with the adjuvant. By use of the antiserum showing the highest titer (1:16,000) and its purified antibodies, competitive indirect and direct ELISA's (ciELISA and cdELISA) were established, respectively. When the cross-reactivity of the antibody against fumonisin analogs was investigated by the ciELISA, it was very low against $B_3$ (2%) but high against fumonisin $B_2$ (179%). The sensitivity of the ELISAs was also very high, because the detection limit for $FB_1$ was 0.03 ppb in ciELISA and 0.3 ppb in cdELISA. When the ELISA's were applied to the spiked corns after extraction with 75% methanol, the assay recovery of $FB_1$ was too unstable to assay. However, when cleanup by strong anion exchange (SAX) cartridge was introduced to remove interfering materials, the mean ELISA recovery of $FB_1$ from corns spiked to 3~10 ppm was found to be 34.0% and stable (mean of CV, 8.2%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2006

Direct thrombin inhibitor, which is effective to prevent or cure the thrombosis, has been investigated in worldwide. In this study, we tried to screen antithrombosis agent from edible or medicinal plant. A strong antithrombin activity was identified from methanol or $95\%$ ethanol extract of buckwheat seeds. The solvent fractionation of buckwheat extracts using hexane, ethylacetate, butanol revealed that the butanol fraction has a prominent antithrombin activity. Thrombin time (blood-clot formation time) exceeded to over $2,000\%$ by addition of the butanol fraction at concentration of $312.5{\mu}g/mL$, whereas thrombin time extended to $336\%$ by addition of aspirin at concentration of $1,500{\mu}g/mL$. The butanol fraction showed anthrone-positive and ninhydrine-negative reaction. The active components were heat-liable, acid-unstable non-proteinous macromolecules (>30 KD). In vivo analysis using ICR male mouse showed that the buckwheat extract was superior than the aspirin in pulmonary thrombosis, KCN-induced coma and death. Our results suggest that the buckwheat is a potential as an antithrombosis agent and medicinal food.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2010

Korean traditional herbs, especially Anemarrhena asphodeloides (A. asphodeloides), Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), and Terminalia chebula (T. chebula) have been known to have the immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, direct cellular mechanism underlying the mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis-like reaction has poorly been understood. In the present study, the effects of the methanol extracts of A. asphodeloides (MEAA), S. miltiorrhiza (MESM), and T. chebula (METC) on anaphylactic reaction were investigated. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, the influences of MEAA, MESM, and METC on the compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis-like reaction and mast cell activation, and IgEmediated PCA were examined. Results are below; 1) MEAA, MESM, and METC significantly inhibited systemic anaphylaxis-like reaction, ear swelling response, and IgE-mediated PCA. 2) the compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation, histamine release of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) were significantly inhibited by the pretreatment with MEAA, MESM, and METC, and 3) the compound 48/80-induced calcium influx in RPMC was significantly inhibited by the pretreatment with MEAA, MESM, and METC. These results suggest that MEAA, MESM, and METC may be an activity to inhibit the compound 48/80-induced or anti-DNP IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions by blocking histamine release and calcium uptake into RPMC. MEAA, MESM, and METC potentially may serve as an effective therapeutic tool for allergic diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.4 s.84
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• pp.535-539
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• 2007

The fructus of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge has been used as medicinal and food source in worldwide. In this study, a strong direct thrombin inhibition and antithrombosis activity were identified from the methanol extract of C. pinnatifida Bunge fructus. The solvent fractionation of fructus extract using hexane, ethylacetate, butanol revealed that the butanol fraction has a prominent antithrombin activity. Thrombin time(blood-clot formation time) and activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT) extended to 835% and 315% by addition of the butanol fraction at concentration of 1.25 mg/mL, whereas thrombin time extended to 287% by addition of aspirin at concentration of 1,25 mg/mL. The butanol fraction showed anthrone-positive and weak ninhydrine-postive reaction. The thrombin inhibitory activity was not related to previously reported flavonoids or polyphenols. The activity was maintained against acid treatment(0.5 N HCl for 120 min), but rapidly lost by heat-treatment($100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min). Our results suggested that fructus of C. pinnatifida Bunge with non-heat treatment process could be developed as a natural source of antithrombosis.