• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.282-284
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• 1990

By saponification and extraction of corn oil foots abandoned as waste during oil refining, a mixture of phytosterols was obtained, and its major components were determined as .betha.-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol by gas chromatographic analysis. The mixture is very cheap and regarded as an excellent substrate for direct fermentation of C-17 keto steroid intermediate for various steroid pharmaceuticals.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1982

Improvements in the analytical methodology used in the gas chromatographic/mass spectral analysis of phenolic compounds from cigarette smoke are described. For the direct analysis of crude samples, pyridine extraction and the glass capillary column GC was used for the separation of phenolics as trimethylsilyl derivativatives. The separations of cigarette smoke on Carbowax 20M and SE-54 wall coated open tubular columns are given. Improved methodology for the routine quantitation of the identified components using the computer-controlled multiple ion selection technique of MS presented. Considerations pertaining to routine analyses of a multitude of complex smoke samples are also discussed.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2019

Latching control was applied to a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) buoy with direct linear electric Power Take-Off (PTO) systems oscillating in heave direction in waves. The equation of the motion of the WEC buoy in the time-domain is characterized by the wave exciting, hydrostatic, radiation forces and by several damping forces (PTO, brake, and viscous). By applying numerical schemes, such as the semi-analytical and Newmark ${\beta}$ methods, the time series of the heave motion and velocity, and the corresponding extracted power may be obtained. The numerical prediction with the latching control is in accordance with the experimental results from the systematic 1:10-model test in a wave tank at Seoul National University. It was found that the extraction of wave energy may be improved by applying latching control to the WEC, which particularly affects waves longer than the resonant period.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2023

Facial expression recognition, a topical problem in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition, is a direct means of recognizing human emotions and behaviors. This paper first summarizes the datasets commonly used for expression recognition and their associated characteristics and presents traditional machine learning algorithms and their benefits and drawbacks from three key techniques of face expression; image pre-processing, feature extraction, and expression classification. Deep learning-oriented expression recognition methods and various algorithmic framework performances are also analyzed and compared. Finally, the current barriers to facial expression recognition and potential developments are highlighted.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.391-407
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• 2023

This article provides a survey of wet (aqueous) methods for recovery, separation, and purification of uranium from fission products in carbonate solutions during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and methods for removal of radionuclides from alkaline radioactive waste. The main methods such as selective direct precipitation, ion exchange, and solvent extraction are considered. These methods were compared and evaluated for reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel in carbonate media according to novel alternative non-acidic methods and for treatment processes of alkaline radioactive waste.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2009

Generally, the direct sequencing through PCR is faster, easier, cheaper, and more practical than clone sequencing. Frequently, standard PCR amplification is usually interpreted by mispriming internal or external regions of the target template. Normally, DNA fragments were eluted from the gel using Gel extraction kit and subjected to direct sequencing or cloning sequencing. Cloning sequencing has often troublesome and needs more time to analyze for many samples. Since touchdown (TD) PCR can generate sufficient and highly specific amplification, it reduces unwanted amplicon generation. Accordingly, TD PCR is a good method for direct sequencing due to amplifying wanted fragment. In plants the 5S-rRNA gene is separated by simple spacers. The 5S-rRNA gene sequence is very well-conserved between plant species while the spacer is species-specific. Therefore, the sequence has been used for phylogenetic studies and species identification. But frequent occurrences of spurious bands caused by complex genomes are encountered in the product spectrum of standard PCR amplification. In conclusion, the TD PCR method can be applied easily to amplify main 5S-rRNA and direct sequencing of panax ginseng cultivars.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2021

국내 69개 농경지 토양 내 Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn을 대상으로 하여 토양 pH, 양이온교환능력, 유기물 함량 등의 물리화학적 특성이 CaCl2, HOAc, HNO3, DTPA 등을 이용한 중금속의 단일용출 결과에 미치는 영향을 통계학적으로 조사하였다. 통계학적 분석은 토양의 물리화학적 특성의 평균값을 기준으로 높고 낮은 두 표본으로 구분한 후 이에 대해 상관분석과 다중회귀분석을 수행하였다. Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb의 경우 HNO3를 적용하였을 때 다른 추출제에 비하여 높은 함량이 추출되었으나, Cd, Zn의 경우 HOAc를 이용한 추출에서도 유사한 함량이 추출되었다. 상관관계 조사 결과, DTPA 추출이 다른 단일용출 및 전함량과 상관관계가 높았으며, 토양의 물리화학적 특성이 단일용출 결과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Zn의 경우, 전함량과 모든 단일용출법들에 의한 추출 함량이 상호 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 회귀분석 결과, 토양의 물리화학적 특성은 최대 74%에 이르는 단일용출 결과의 분산을 설명할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 토양의 물리화학적 특성이 단일용출 결과에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2001

This paper studies the possibility of applying the EIT(Electrical Impedance Tomography) technique for investigating the formation and movement of dispersed phase droplets as they stream through a Direct Contact Heat Exchanger(DCHX). In most direct contact liquid-liquid heat exchangers, oil or hydro-carbon with a density different (lighter or heavier) from water is normally used as dispersed working fluid. The main difficulty that arises with arrangement lies in the extraction of performance parameters and visualization of dispersed phase fluids if required. In order to delve into these problems, this paper introduces a number of cases regarding the operation and principle of DCHXs and investigates the possibility of applying the EIT technique whose results are given for several examples.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 1967

The direct acid leaching of domestic Marmatite concentrate at elevated temperatures and pressures was investigated. Almost 100 percent of zinc was extracted from the concentrate liberating free sulfur in 4 hours at $100^{\circ}C$ when the oxygen partial pressure was 5 atm. in sulfuric acid solution. By applying the Arrhenius equation to leach reaction in the range of $60^{circ}$ to $100^{\circ}C$ at the same oxygen partial pressure, 15.7 kcal per mole of activation energy was calculated. At the initial stage of leaching, the rate of reaction increased linearly by increasing temperature and pressure. The concentration of sulfuric acid gave minor effect to leaching velocity in the range of 5 to 20 percent. The particle size should be under 270 mesh for 100 percent extraction of zinc.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.761-764
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• 2004

얼굴 데이터를 사용하는 인식 시스템에서 특징 벡터의 차원은 일반적으로 매우 크다. 패턴인식에서 차원 축소는 중요한 문제로서, 효과적인 얼굴 인식을 위한 특징 벡터의 차원 축소는 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 획득된 얼굴 데이터로부터 저 차원의 강건한 특징을 얻기 위하여 웨이블릿을 사용하고, 식별력 있는 특징을 얻기 위하여 direct linear discriminant analysis를 사용하였다. Direct linear discriminant analysis 방법을 사용하기 이전에 웨이블릿을 사용함으로써 계산 복잡도를 줄여줄 뿐만 아니라 식별력을 높여주고 효과적으로 얼굴 데이터의 차원을 축소할 수 있음을 보여 준다. 얼굴의 패턴정합을 위해서는 최근접 평균 분류기(Nearest Mean Classifier)를 사용하였으며, 최근접 평균 분류기를 사용함으로써 분류를 위한 시간을 최소화하였다. 본 논문에서 인간의 얼굴인식을 위해 제시한 방법이 얼굴패턴을 표현하는 효과적인 방법이며, 시간 및 공간의 절약이라는 측면에서 유리하다는 것을 보여준다.