• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.73-88
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• 2000

As the globalization of world market proceeds, the importance of foreign direct investment grows bigger than before A comparative analysis on foreign direct investments among developed and developing countries makes clear that every county has different incentives for foreign direct investments. This implies a country should improve environments on her appropriate field, to induce foreign direct investments, The openness of other capital markets such as bank loans and portfolio investments turns out to have no direct effects on the foreign direct investments.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.12C
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• pp.1265-1272
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• 2006

This paper proposes a compensation method that can alleviate the problem of I/Q mismatch generated in the direct-conversion receiver of OFDM systems. In the proposed method, the amount of I/Q mismatch is estimated using null-carriers in transmitted signals, and it is subtracted from received symbols to suppress I/Q mismatch effects. Simulations show experiments that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the I/Q mismatch effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1690-1694
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• 2002

Genetic parameters were estimated for birth weight and weaning weight from three year (1991-1993) data totalling 1100 records of 25 rams to 205 ewes of Indigenous Sabi flock maintained at Grasslands Research Station in Zimbabwe. AIREML procedures were used fitting an Animal Model. The statistical model included the fixed effects of year of lambing, sex of lamb, birth type and the random effect of ewe. Weight of ewe when first joined with ram was included as a covariate. Direct heritability estimates of 0.27 and 0.38, and maternal heritability estimates of 0.24 and 0.09, were obtained for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. The total heritability estimates were 0.69 and 0.77 for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. Direct-aternal genetic correlations were high and positive. The corresponding genetic covariance estimates between direct and maternal effects were positive and low, 0.25 and 0.18 for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. Responses to selection were 0.8 kg and 0.14 kg for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. The estimated expected correlated response to selection for birth weight by directly selecting for weaning weight was 0.26. Direct heritabilities were moderate; as a result selection for any of these traits should be successful. Maternal heritabilities were low for weaning weight and should have less effect on selection response. Indirect selection can give lower response than direct selection.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.176-179
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• 2009

The performance of direct methanol fuel cells is affected by operating conditions such as, methanol feeding temperatures, methanol concentrations, and methanol flow rates during the operation in different environmental conditions. In this study, effects of the environmental temperature on performance of direct methanol fuel cells have been investigated in order to test a applicability of direct methanol fuel cell to the vehicle. The environmental temperature (ET) was varied from $-20^{\circ}C$ to $+30^{\circ}C$. The inside fuel cell temperature (CT) during test at various operating conditions was monitored and the performance of fuel cell was measured in the I-V polarization curve. With increasing the ET, the performance of the fuel cell was significantly improved and the CT also almost linearly increased. However, at below $0^{\circ}C$ ET, the DMFC showed very poor performance and needed to control CT or methanol feeding temperature (MFT), methanol flow rate(MFR) to obtain enough power of the vehicle.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.77-91
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of children's perception of communications with mothers and self-control on game addiction. The subjects were 739 children of 4th, 5th and 6th grade. The subjects rated themselves on questionnaires regarding communications with mothers, self-control and game addiction scale. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) 6th grade children addicted more than 4th and 5th grade children. And boys addicted more than girls. 2) Sex had a direct and indirect effect through children's perception of problematic communications with mothers and self-control on game addiction and was the first contribution factor Children's self-control had a first direct negative effect on game addiction. 3) Children's perception of problematic communications with mothers had a direct positive effect and an indirect positive effect through self-control on game addiction. Grade had a direct positive effect and an indirect positive effect through children's perception of open and problematic communications with mothers and self-control on game addiction. Children's perception of open communications with mothers had a direct positive effect and an indirect negative effect through self-control on game addiction.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.149-168
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relationship between fathers' involvement in parenting, mother's parenting stress and smartphone addiction, and children's smartphone addiction. Methods: The subjects of this study were 327 children aged between 3 and 5 who were attending nurseries and kindergartens in Gyeonggido, Gangwondo, and Busan, South Korea, and their mothers, fathers, and teachers. The data collected from the subjects were analyzed based on correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: First, the fathers' involvement in parenting had a direct effect on their children's smartphone addiction, and no direct effect on the mother's parenting stress and smartphone addiction. Second, the mother's parenting stress had a direct effect on the mother's smartphone addiction and direct and indirect effects on their children's smartphone addiction. Third, the mother's smartphone addiction had a direct effect on their children's smartphone addiction. Conclusion/Implications: The findings in this study suggest the fathers' involvement in parenting and the mother's parenting stress and smartphone addiction have effects on their children's smartphone addiction. Based on these results, the study proposed ways to prevent children's addiction to smartphones and provided suggestions for further research.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.752-756
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of changes to the pulsation factor of pulsed direct currents on wound healing. Patients with a pressure ulcer at a care hospital for the elderly were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 involved the application of $100{\mu}s$ in pulse duration, 10 ms in pulse period, 100 pps in a pulsation factor, 15 mA in pulse amplitude, and polarity red+ by using pulsed direct currents; Group 2 involved a change of pulse period to 8 ms; and Group 3 received general wound management. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the changing stages of pressure ulcers among the groups, all the groups dropped in numerical stages. In the two groups to which pulsed direct currents were applied, there was a statistically significant reduction in the stages of pressure ulcers from the initial assessment to the 12-week assessment (p<.05). Even though there were no statistically significant differences in changes to the area of pressure ulcers among the groups, a statistically significant decrease was found in pulsed direct current group 2 whose pulse period was shortened (p<.05). There was no difference in the healing rate of pressure ulcers among the groups, but it made a numerical increase in pulsed direct current group 1 and group 2 and a numerical decrease in group 3. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of those who had a full recovery among the groups. Those findings indicate that pulsed direct currents have positive effects on the wound healing of patients with a pressure ulcer and that a treatment with pulsed direct currents whose pulsation factor is raised by reducing the pulse duration is especially effective.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.276-286
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to examine actor and partner effect of dementia knowledge, self-efficacy and depression on dementia preventive behavior in elderly couples. Methods: Participants were 115 couples aged 60 years or over who met eligibility criteria. All measures were self-administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program. Results: Dementia knowledge in elderly couples showed actor and partner effect on dementia preventive behavior. Self-efficacy in the wife did not have direct effects on dementia preventive behavior, but showed indirect effects through dementia knowledge. Self-efficacy in the husband showed direct effects on dementia preventive behavior and indirect effects through dementia knowledge. Wife's depression had direct actor effect on dementia preventive behavior and indirect effect through self-efficacy and dementia knowledge. Husband's depression did not have direct actor effect on dementia preventive behavior, but indirect effect through self-efficacy and dementia knowledge. Effect size of wives' dementia knowledge, self-efficacy and depression on dementia preventive behavior was larger than that of husbands'. Dementia preventive behavior, dementia knowledge and depression had a mutual effect. Conclusion: Results indicate that to promote dementia preventive activity in elderly couples, programs should be conducted for both of the couple, but focused differently for wife and husband.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted for the purpose of a structural model analysis of family health of women who came to Korea for being married to Korean men. Methods: The data were collected from 260 immigrant women at multicultural centers located in C and B cities from May 10th to 30th, 2012. The variance analysis on the samples was conducted by using the maximum likelihood minimization function with AMOS 7.0. The fitness was evaluated by means of the SRMR, RMSEA, CFI, and TLI with a 90% confidence interval. Results: First, immigrant women's self-esteem and acculturative stress were found to have significant direct effects on their family health. Second, their self-esteem and acculturative stress have direct effects on their marital adjustment. Third, their marital adjustment was found to have significant direct effects on their family health. Forth, immigrant women's Korean language ability was found not to have significant direct effects on their marital adjustment and family health. Conclusion: In order to enhance the family health of immigrant women, it is necessary to develop and apply nursing programs in consideration of immigrant women's self-esteem, marital adjustment and acculturative stress.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1077-1093
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• 2010

This study aims to examine the effects of health status on life satisfaction and depression and to examine the effect of spirituality and religious involvement on this relationship among Korean older persons. On the basis of the previous literature, we hypothesize that health status will have a direct effect on life satisfaction and depression, but that spirituality and religious involvement will moderate this effect in addition to having direct effects on life satisfaction and depression. In light of the different gender effects on all five variables (health status, spirituality, religious involvement, life satisfaction, and depression), we also examine the effects of gender on these variables. The data for this study came from the Hallym Aging Study conducted by the Hallym University Institute of Aging from February to March in 2005. Through stratified multi-stage random sampling, 1409 individuals aged 65 and over, who lived in Seoul and Chuncheon in Korea. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate whether health status, gender, spirituality and religious involvement could predict life satisfaction and depression, and whether the direct relationships were moderated by interactions among these variables. We took three ordered regression steps to examine the hypothesis; the first step contained the covariates of age, education, living with spouse, monthly expense, living with adult children, and household income. We also entered gender into this step, so it would be adjusted for in relation to the other covariates. The second step then looked for any direct effects that gender, health status, spirituality, and religious involvement might have on life satisfaction and depression above and beyond the effects of the covariates. The third step contained interaction terms to look for further variance accounted for by indirect, moderating effects on life satisfaction and depression. The results showed that health status had a significant effect on both life satisfaction and depression, and religious involvement had a significant effect on depression. Spirituality and religious involvement were found overall to be a moderator, reducing the negative effect of health status on life satisfaction and depression. The direct effect of religious involvement and the moderating effects of spirituality and religious involvement on life satisfaction and depression are consistent with the view that spirituality and religion are resources and benefit the well-being of older adults.