• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.109-123
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emotional connection with parents, social support, and isolation on unmarried mothers' child-rearing efficacy. The subjects of this study were 194 unmarried mothers. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, and Pearson's correlation using the SPSS 12.0 program. The test of the theoretical model was performed with an analysis of the correlational matrix in the AMOS 7.0 package for path analysis. The results of this study were as follows: First, the number of adult unmarried mothers was higher than that of teen mothers. Most unmarried mothers had a in low monthly income-, were unemployed, and received economic assistance from the government or social welfare institutions as a major source of their income. Their decision to have a child were for the following reason: the desire to have a child, fear of having an abortion, belief that abortion is a crime, and uncertainty about which decision to make, etc. Second, the women's emotional connection with their parents had a direct effect on social support. Social support had a direct effect on isolation:,- however, it did not have a direct effect on parenting efficacy. Third, the women's emotional connection with their parents had a direct effect on isolation. Isolation had a direct effect on parenting efficacy. Fourth, social support mediated by the women's emotional connection with their parents had an indirect effect on isolation and child-rearing efficacy. Isolation mediated the women's emotional connection with their parents and had an indirect effect on child-rearing efficacy.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.570-582
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the causal relationship among students' science-related career choice and its factors. The causal relationship was analyzed using structural equation modeling. According to the most fitting model, science career aspiration had a direct and total effect of 0.95 (standardized coefficient) on the science career choice, and personal factor had an indirect and total effect of 0.75 on the science career choice, educational factor, 0.46, and social factor, 0.11. Personal factor had a direct and total effect of 0.79 on the science career aspiration, educational factor with total effect of 0.48 (direct effect -0.21, indirect effect 0.69), and social factor with direct and total effect of 0.12. On the other hand, educational factor had a direct and total effect of 0.72 on the social factor, and a direct and total effect of 0.77 on the personal factor. The difference in the causal effect among grades and between gender was analyzed. The difference was only in the magnitude of influence among grades, showing the same tendency with the total number of students, but the difference between gender was contrastive. For the boys, social factor had the biggest effect on the science career choice, next was personal factor, and the educational factor had the smallest effect. The girls' science career choice influenced mostly from personal factor, and the other two factors' effects were not high. The social effect was negative for the girls' science career choice. The implications of proper science career education were discussed from these results, considering the causal relationship among factors of science career choice and its factors.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships among adolescents' internet addiction, self-esteem, self-control, and aggression. The participants were 300 students in their first year of middle school. The questionnaire consisted of measures of internet addiction, self-esteem, self-control, and aggression. The major findings were as follows: 1) self-control had a direct effect on aggression; 2) internet addiction had a direct effect on self-esteem and self-control; 3) self-esteem had a direct effect on self-control; 4) internet addiction had an indirect effect on aggression and self-control; and self-esteem had an indirect effect on aggression. This study implied that self-related variables could mediate the relationship between the possibility of internet addiction and adolescents' aggression. This study also suggested that research on various mediator variables could reduce adolescents' psychosocial problems.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the attachment to mothers and peers and the depression on the adolescent delinquency. The subjects were 516 eleventh grade students in the liberal and the commercial high schools in Busan. The subjects rated on questionnaires by themselves regarding the attachment to mothers and peers, the depression and the latent delinquency. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) Adolescents in the commercial high school had more delinquency rate than those in the liberal high school. And the male adolescent had more delinquency rate than the female one. 2) The attachment to mothers and the kind of high school attended significantly predicted the male adolescent's depression. The attachment to mothers and peers significantly predicted the depression of the female adolescent. The relative influence of the attachment to mothers on the prediction of male and female adolescent's depression was the strongest among all the varibles. 3) The kind of high school had a first direct effect on the male and female adolescent's delinquency rates and was the first contribution factor. The attachment to mothers had both direct and indirect negative effect for female and an indirect negative effect for male on the adolescent delinquency rate through depression. But the attachment to peers had a direct positive effect on both male and female adolescent's delinquency. Depression had a direct effect on male adolescent delinquency.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a structural model on cardiovascular disease risk factors among male manufacturing workers. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires and health exams from 201 workers in a local electronic company during September 2004. Data analysis was done with SAS 9.1 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.54 for covariance structural analysis Results: The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, it was modified by deleting five paths. The modified model had a better fit to the data($x^2=504.23$(p<001, df: 180), $x^2/df=2.80$, GFI=.95, RMR=.07, NFI=.90, PGFI=.64). Health behaviors and psychosocial distress were found to have significant direct effects on the cardiovascular disease risk factors. Self-concept had direct effect on psychosocial distress or health behaviors. Self-concept, work environment, and work condition had direct effect on social support. Work environment had indirect effect on psychosocial distress. Social support had indirect effect on health behaviors. But work environment and work condition were found to have little direct effect on health behaviors, psychosocial distress or cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusion: A cardiovascular health promotion program should therefore include psycho-social factors as well as health behavioral determinants in worksites.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.27-37
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of adolescent's alienation, depression, family environment and school maladjustment on suicidal ideation. Data were collected from 577 second graders from high school. The results were as follows: Firstly, family's abuse had a direct and an indirect effect through alienation and depression on adolescent's suicidal ideation. Home stress, family support and socioeconomic status had an indirect effect through school maladjustment, alienation and depression on suicidal ideation. Secondly, school maladjustment in dating had a direct effect on adolescent's suicidal ideation. School maladjustment in relations with teacher and peers and in learning activities had indirect effects through alienation and depression on adolescent's suicidal ideation. Thirdly, adolescent's depression had a greatest direct effect on suicidal ideation. Adolescent's alienation had a direct and an indirect effect through depression on adolescent's suicidal ideation and was the most important predictive variable of adolescent's suicidal ideation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.161-174
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships among different variables related to school adjustment. 601 elementary school students residing in Pohang-City in Korea completed questionnaires about school adjustment, internal problem behavior, external problem behavior, family adaptability and family cohesion. A variance-covariance matrix of this sample was analyzed using AMOS 19.0, and the maximum likelihood minimization function. The goodness of fit was evaluated via SRMR, RMSEA with a 90% confidence interval, CFI, and TLI. The results were as follows: First, family adaptability, family cohesion, internal problem behavior and external problem behavior were all found to have a significant direct effect how the children adjusted to their school. Second, family adaptability, and family cohesion had a direct effect on internal problem behavior. Third, family cohesion had a direct effect on external problem behavior, but family adaptability had a substantial indirect effect on the children's external problem behavior that was mediated by their internal problem behavior. Fourth, internal problem behavior had a direct effect on external problem behavior.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.89-100
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• 2018

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that delivers 1-2 mA of current to the scalp. Several clinical studies have been conducted to confirm the therapeutic effect of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with tDCS. Some studies have shown tDCS's antidepressant effect, while the others showed conflicting results in antidepressant effects. Our aim of this review is to understand the biological bases of tDCS's antidepressant effect and review the results of studies on tDCS's antidepressant effect. For the review and search process of MDD treatment using tDCS, the US National Library of Medicine search engine PubMed was used. In this review, we discuss the biological mechanism of tDCS's antidepressant effect and the existing published literature including meta-analysis, systematic review, control trial, open studies, and case reports of antidepressant effects and cognitive function improvement in patients with MDD are reviewed. We also discuss the appropriate tDCS protocol for MDD patients, factors predictive of response to tDCS treatment, the disadvantages of tDCS in MDD treatment, and side effects.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.291-295
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• 2005

The PEMFC behavior is quite complex and is influenced by several factors, including composition and structure of electrodes and membrane type. Fabrication of MFA is important factor for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. MFA of PEMFC with hot pressing and direct coating method were prepared, and performances were evaluated and compared each other. The effect of MEA preparation methods, hot pressing methods and direct coating methods, on the cell performance was analyzed by impedance spectroscopy and SEM. The performance of PEMFC wi th direct coat ing method was better than wi th hot pressing method because membrane internal resistance and membrane-:-interfacial resistance were reduced by elimination of hot pressing process in MEA fabrication. In addition the micro structure of MEA with direct coating method reveals uniform interface between membrane and catalyst layer.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2016

Purpose - This paper aims to find and analyze factors that determine the flows of bilateral foreign direct investment in intra-ASEAN. It specifically focuses on the dimension of macro-economic, natural resources, human resources, and the quality of governance. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected from 64 bilateral relations between ASEAN nations from 2002 to 2013. Panel gravity model was utilized to find factors that determine the flows of bilateral foreign direct investment. Results - Significant factors were identified that determine the flows of bilateral foreign direct investment: GDP home country, GDP host country, real interest rate, distance, and total natural resources rent. Unexpectedly, natural resources have a negative effect. Conclusions - In a situation of increasing the flow of FDI among the countries of ASEAN, the government should control the interest rates and maintain good relations with nearby countries. The negative effect of total natural resource rents implies that ASEAN countries should not depend on their natural resources to attract foreign investments.