• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권5C호
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• pp.601-610
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 IMT-2000 3GPP 규격의 비동기 역방향 링크 DS-CDMA 시스템에서 신호 구조 기반 Constant Modulus Algorithm (U)을 이용하는 적응 배열 안테나 RAKE 시스템의 성능을 평가한다. 또한, 참조 신호 기반 Least Mean Square (LMS)방식을 이용하는 배열 안테나 시스템과 비교한다. Monte Carlo 실험에서 다중경로, 경로간 감쇄지수, 확산이득 다중사용자 둥과 같은 환경 파라미터가 고려된다. 결과로부터 신호 전력을 분산시키는 다중 경로의 경우 CMA을 이용하는 적응 배열 안테나가 LMS를 이용하는 배열 안테나에 비해 더 큰 수용 용량을 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2005

본 논문은 확률적 기법을 적용하여 직접부하제어의 적정한 지원금을 산정하는 새로운 방법론을 제안한다. 직접부하제어의 경제성 분석은 발전기의 고장정지 특성, 직접부하제어 자원의 차단용량 및 차단시간 등을 모두 고려해야 하기 때문에 현실적으로 불가능한 것으로 인식되었다. 따라서 기존의 연구에서는 시나리오 접근법을 사용하여 직접부하제어의 경제성 평가를 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 적용하여 직접부하제어의 제어전력량을 확률적으로 추정하고 이를 기반으로 직접부하제어의 지원금을 산정하는 새로운 접근법을 개발하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션의 효율을 향상시키기 위하여 분산감소 기법을 적용하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법론의 유용성을 보이기 위해 IEEE 24-모선 신뢰도 계통에 적용하여 사례연구를 수행하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.510-513
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• 1997

This study examined the effects of ignoring inbreeding depression on (co)variance components for weaning weight through the use of Monte Carlo simulation. Weaning weight is of particular interest as a trait for which additive direct and maternal genetic components exist and there then is the potential for a direct-maternal genetic covariance. Ignoring inbreeding depression in the analytical model (.8 kg reduction of phenotypic value per 1% inbreeding) led to biased estimates of all genetic (co) variance components, all estimates being larger than the true values of the parameters. In particular, a negative bias in the direct-maternal genetic covariance was observed in analyses that ignored inbreeding depression. A small spurious sire-by-year interaction variance was also observed.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.182-193
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• 2000

폴리알킬렌테레프탈레이트 (PAT)의 고리 올리고머의 몰 고리화 정수(molar cyclization equilibrium constants)를 회전 이성 상태 (rotational isomeric state) (RIS) 모델에 의해Monte Carlo 모사로부터 얻었다. Jacobson-Stockmayer 이론과 이를 보완한 Flory, Suter, 그리고 Mutter의 방법으로는 각 PAT의 고리 올리고머의 함량과 분포를 잘 설명할 수 없었다. RIS모델을 이용한 직접 계산법으로는 반응거리를 ${\gamma}$=0.5 < ${\gamma}^{2}$> $^{1/2}$로 잡아준 경우에 모든 PAT에 대해서 실험치에 가까운 고리 올리고머의 분포를 얻었다. 또한 각 PAT의 입체형태의 변화에 따른 몰고리화 정수의 변화를 고찰하기 위하여 PAT 반복단위 중의 통계적 가중치 rl과 필를 변화시키면서 각 PAT의 몰 고리화 정수를 구하였다. 여러 반응거리와 ${\gamma}$=0.5 < ${\gamma}^{2}$> $^{1/2}$로 설정한 경우에 ${\sigma}_{1}$과 ${\sigma}_{2}$의 변화에 모든 PAT의 평형 고리 올리고머의 함량이 약간 변하기는 하나 그 분포는 그대로유지되었다. 각 PAT의 몰 고리화 정수는 주어진 입체배열에 의해서 일차적으로 결정이 되며 입체형태의 변화에 의해서도 다소 영향을 받는다는 것을 알았다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.21-35
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• 1995

Risk assessment processes, which include processes for the estimation of human cancer potency using animal bioassay data and calculation of human exposure, entail uncertainties. In the exposure assessment process, exposure scenarios with various assumptions could affect the exposure amount and excess cancer risk. We compared risk estimates among various exposure scenarios of vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in tap water. The contaminant concentrations were analyzed from tap water samples in Seoul from 1993 to 1994. The oral and inhalation cancer potencies of the contaminants were estimated using multistage, Weibull, lognormal, and Mantel-Bryan model in TOX-RISK computer software. In the first case, human excess cancer risk was estimated by the US EPA method used to set the MCL(maximum contaminant level). In the second and third case, the risk was estimated for multi-route exposure with and without adopting Monte-Carlo simulation, respectively. In the second case, exposure input parameters and cancer potencies used probability distributions, and in the third case, those values used point estimates(mean, and maximum or 95% upper-bound value). As a result, while the excess cancer risk estimated by US EPA method considering only direct ingestion tended to be underestimated, the risk which was estimated by considering multi-route exposure without Monte-Carlo simulation and then using the maximum or 95% upper-bound value as input parameters tended to be overestimated. In risk assessment for volatile organic compounds, considering multi-route exposure with adopting Monte-Carlo analysis seems to provide the most reasonable estimations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.4142-4149
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• 2021

In the radiation protection application, the metal-polymer composites have been developed for their radiation shielding properties. In this research, the elastomer composites doped by 10 ㎛ and 100nm size of lead, bismuth and tungsten particles as filler with 30 and 60 wt percentages were prepared. To survey the shielding properties of the polymer composites using gamma-ray emitted from 152Eu and 137Cs sources, the gamma flux was measured by using NaI(Tl) detector, then the linear attenuation coefficient was calculated. Also, the Monte Carlo simulation (MCs) method was used. The results showed a direct relationship between the linear attenuation coefficients of the absorbent and filler ratio. Also, the decrease in the particle size of the shielding material in each weight percentage improved the radiation shielding features. When the dimension of the particles was in the order of nano-size, more attenuation was achieved. At low energies used for medical diagnostic X-ray applications due to the predominance of the photoelectric effect, bismuth and lead were suitable selection as filler.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2016

Background: In order to manage the patient exposure dose in X-ray diagnosis, it is preferred to evaluate the entrance skin dose; although there are some evaluations about entrance skin dose, a small number of report has been published for direct measurement of patient. We think that a small-type optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter, named nanoDot, can achieve a direct measurement. For evaluations, the corrections of angular and energy dependences play an important role. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the angular and the energy dependences of nanoDot. Materials and Methods: We used commercially available X-ray diagnostic equipment. For angular dependence measurement, a relative response of every 15 degrees of nanoDot was measured in 40-140 kV X-ray. And for energy dependence measurement, mono-energetic characteristic X-rays were generated using several materials by irradiating the diagnostic X-rays, and the nanoDot was irradiated by the characteristic X-rays. We evaluated the measured response in an energy range of 8.1-75.5 keV. In addition, we performed Monte-Carlo simulation to compare experimental results. Results and Discussion: The experimental results were in good agreement with those of Monte-Carlo simulation. The angular dependence of nanoDot was almost steady with the response of 0 degrees except for 90 and 270 degrees. Furthermore, we found that difference of the response of nanoDot, where the nanoDot was irradiated from the randomly set directions, was estimated to be at most 5%. On the other hand, the response of nanoDot varies with the energy of incident X-rays; slightly increased to 20 keV and gradually decreased to 80 keV. These results are valuable to perform the precise evaluation of entrance skin dose with nanoDot in X-ray diagnosis. Conclusion: The influence of angular dependence and energy dependence in X-ray diagnosis is not so large, and the nanoDot OSL dosimeter is considered to be suitable dosimeter for direct measurement of entrance surface dose of patient.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.839-847
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 MC 시뮬레이션 기법과 QA 시뮬레이션 기법을 이용하여 인접채널간섭, 동위상간섭, 가우시안 잡음이 존재하는 직접위성방송 채널을 성능 평가하였다. 시뮬레이션을 하기 위한 시스템 파라미터들은 현재 무궁화호 위성에서 사용하고 있는 파라미터 및 링크 설계를 기초로 하여 설정하였으며, 두 가지 기법 모두 성능이 수학적 이론 성능에 근접함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 1995년도 추계학술발표회논문집
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• pp.53-59
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• 1995

The accurcy and the application limits of the Three-Curve Method(TCM) and Zonal Cavity Method(ZCM) are evaluated. Average illuminance values are calculated by TCM and ZCM for various lighting conditions using general Diffusing Luminaires and Direct Luminaires. These values are compared with the values from Monte-Carlo Simulation(MCS) for the same lighting conditions. Accuracy of MCS was proved by Moon's Analytical Method.