• 제목/요약/키워드: Direct Observation

검색결과 618건 처리시간 0.028초

미소지진(微小地震) 장기관측(長期觀測)을 위한 지진기록계(地震記錄計)의 개발(開發) (Development of Seismic Recorder for Long-term Observation of Microearthquakes)

  • 김성균;조규장;정부흥;문창배;신인철;성낙훈
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 1988
  • A two channel seismic recorder suitable for long-term observation of microearthquakes is developed. The direct analogue recording on cassette tape is adopted in the recorder whose circuits of amplifier and mortor units of an audio cassette recorder are modified. The recorder provides contineous record of 10 days with DC 12V battery (100AH) and with standard cassette tape of 60 minute use. The binary coded time signals of date, hour, and minute are generated once a minute by the timing system and absolute time input using radio to measure the time drift is also possible. For the seismic signal processing, the analogue signals from audio cassette player pass A/D converter and digitized data are stored in personal computer. Then visual records can be obtained using computer graphic mode. Basic programs "ADCONVO" and "DRAWO" to accomplish A/D conversions, the creation of data files and visualization of signals were written. Some sample signals reproduced from the recorded tape are presented.

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목적성 행동 모방학습을 통한 의도 인식을 위한 거울뉴런 시스템 계산 모델 (Computational Model of a Mirror Neuron System for Intent Recognition through Imitative Learning of Objective-directed Action)

  • 고광은;심귀보
    • 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.606-611
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    • 2014
  • The understanding of another's behavior is a fundamental cognitive ability for primates including humans. Recent neuro-physiological studies suggested that there is a direct matching algorithm from visual observation onto an individual's own motor repertories for interpreting cognitive ability. The mirror neurons are known as core regions and are handled as a functionality of intent recognition on the basis of imitative learning of an observed action which is acquired from visual-information of a goal-directed action. In this paper, we addressed previous works used to model the function and mechanisms of mirror neurons and proposed a computational model of a mirror neuron system which can be used in human-robot interaction environments. The major focus of the computation model is the reproduction of an individual's motor repertory with different embodiments. The model's aim is the design of a continuous process which combines sensory evidence, prior task knowledge and a goal-directed matching of action observation and execution. We also propose a biologically inspired plausible equation model.

Sensors Comparison for Observation of floating structure's movement

  • Trieu, Hang Thi;Han, Dong Yeob
    • 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국항해항만학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.219-221
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    • 2014
  • The objective of this paper is to simulate the dynamic behavior of a floating structure model, using image processing and close-range photogrammetry, instead of the contact sensors. Previously, the movement of structure was presented through the exterior orientation estimation of a single camera by space resection. The inverse resection yields the 6 orientation parameters of the floating structure, with respect to the camera coordinate system. The single camera solution is of interest in applications characterized by restriction in term of costs, unfavorable observation conditions, or synchronization demands when using multiple cameras. This article discusses the theoretical determinations of camera exterior orientation based on Direct Linear Transformation and photogrammetric resection using least squares adjustment. The proposed method was used to monitor the motion of a floating model. The results of six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) by inverse resection show that the appropriate initial values by DLT can be effectually applied in least squares adjustment, to obtain the precision of exterior orientation parameters. Additionally, a comparison between the close-range photogrammetry and total station results was feasibly verified. Therefore, the proposed method can be considered as an efficient solution to simulating the movement of floating structure.

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Time-resolved Observation of Field-dependent Magnetization Reversal Behavior in Co/Pd Multilayer Film

  • Ryu, Kwang-Su;Lee, Kyeong-Dong;Choe, Sug-Bong;Shin, Sung-Chul
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.108-112
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    • 2003
  • We report the experimental finding that there exists a transition of magnetization reversal process with varying the applied field in Co/Pd multilayer. We have measured the wall-motion speed V and the nucleation rate R during magnetization reversal via time-resolved direct domain observation, where the magnetization reversal process of Co/Pd multilayer is found to take a transition from thermal activation process to viscous process at the critical field of about 1.87 H$\_$C/ (coercivity). In the thermal activation regime, we find that the field dependences of two activation volumes for the wall-motion process and the nucleation process are different with each other, which reveals that the wall-motion and nucleation experience completely different interactions. In the viscous regime, we find that the wall-mobility is much smaller than a typical value for the sandwiched Co films, which implies that the Co/Pd interfaces in multilayer substantially contribute to the dynamic dissipation.

성공적인 해양부이 계류를 위한 개선 방안 (Improvements for Successful Mooring of Ocean Buoys)

  • 정다운;박준성;송규민
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.193-203
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    • 2021
  • In-situ experiment using ocean buoys is a direct ocean observation and has been playing an important role from the past to the present based on high reliability. The ocean buoy is operated more stable than before due to the technological development of communication (GPS, satellite, …) and equipment, but still moored buoys are not free from various accidents occurring in the ocean. Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of countermeasures or manuals about mooring accidents. Therefore, in this study, based on the experience of operating buoys conducted for many years, the advantages and disadvantages of ocean buoys according to size were analyzed. and legal procedures before and after buoy mooring were presented to enhance the use of buoys. And it is suggested to realize successful experiment by proposing considerations before mooring the buoy in preparation for an accident.

중환자실에서 사용되는 의료장비의 경보음 발생과 관리 현황 (Evaluation of Clinical Alarms and Alarm Management in Intensive Care Units)

  • 정유진;김현정
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.228-235
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical alarm occurrence and management of nurses toward clinical alarms in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This observational study was conducted with 40 patients and nurses cases in two ICUs of a university hospital. This study divided 24 hours into the unit of an hour and conducted two times of direct observation per unit hour for 48 hours targeting the medical devices applied to 40 patients. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results: On average, 3.8 units of medical devices were applied for each patient and the ranges of alarm settings were wide. During 48 hours, 184 cases of clinical alarm were occurred by four types of medical devices including physiological monitors, mechanical ventilators, infusion pumps, and continuous renal replacement therapy. Among them, false alarm was 110 cases (59.8%). As for the alarm management by ICU nurses, two-minute alarm mute took up most at 38.0% (70 cases), and no response was second most at 32.6% (60 cases). When valid alarm sounded, nurses showed no response at 43.2%. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a standard protocol for alarm management should be developed for Korean ICU settings. Based on the protocol, continuous training and education should be provided to nurses for appropriate alarm management.

Ni-Mn-Ga-Fe 강자성 형상기억합금의 미세파괴기구 및 파괴성질 (Microfracture Mechanism and Fracture Properties of Ni-Mn-Ga-Fe Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys)

  • 어광준;이정무;남덕현;이성학
    • 대한금속재료학회지
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    • 제47권12호
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    • pp.787-796
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    • 2009
  • The fracture toughness improvement of Ni-Mn-Ga-Fe ferromagnetic shape memory alloys containing ductile particles was explained by direct observation of microfracture processes using an in situ loading stage installed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) chamber. The Ni-Mn-Ga-Fe alloys contained a considerable amount of ductile particles in the grains after the homogenization treatment at $800{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$. ${\gamma}$ particles were coarsened and distributed homogeneously along {$\beta}$ grain boundaries as well as inside {$\beta}$ grains as the homogenization temperature increased. The in situ microfracture observation results indicated that ${\gamma}$ particles effectively acted as blocking sites of crack propagation, and provided stable crack growth that could be confirmed by the R-curve analysis. This increase in fracture resistance with increasing crack length improved overall fracture properties of the alloys containing ${\gamma}$ particles.

초등 예비교사들이 개발한 과학관 활동지의 유형 및 요건, 필요성에 대한 관점 분석 (An Analysis of Types of Science Museum Worksheets developed by Elementary Pre-service Teachers and Their Perspectives on the Requirements and Necessity)

  • 김동렬
    • 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.150-165
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    • 2016
  • This study aims to analyze types of science museum worksheets developed by elementary pre-service teachers and their perspectives on the requirements and necessity of science museum worksheets. As analysis subjects, this study selected 38 kinds of worksheets and reports developed by 114 elementary pre-service teachers who were in the third year of university of education. In this study, the science museum selected for elementary pre-service teachers to develop worksheets was a national science museum, composed of 'Nature and Discovery Museum', 'Science Technology and Industry Museum' and 'Children's Museum', which was located in a metropolitan city and opened in 2013. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; Firstly, as a result of analyzing the science museum worksheets developed by elementary pre-service teachers, this study found out that the experience type with hands-on and observation techniques applied was most, and as an approach method, direct manipulation, look-in observation and close observation were most. However, although these science museum worksheets were experience-oriented, many of them were survey-oriented ones that suggested too many questions through various exhibits. Secondly, as a result of analyzing requirements of science museum worksheets elementary pre-service teachers thought and described through the word tree of NVivo 10, this study extracted 10 kinds of main themes, out of which the requirement, 'A limited amount of activity should be required', showed the highest frequency. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the necessity of science museum worksheets elementary pre-service teachers thought and described through the word tree of NVivo 10, this study extracted 9 kinds of main themes, out of which the opinion, 'It is required to help students check an exhibit which may be passed by', was most.

인공위성 데이터 기반의 공간 증발산 산정 및 에디 공분산 기법에 의한 플럭스 타워 자료 검증 (Estimation of Satellite-based Spatial Evapotranspiration and Validation of Fluxtower Measurements by Eddy Covariance Method)

  • 서찬양;한승재;이정훈;최민하
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.435-448
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    • 2012
  • 증발산은 토양 표면에서 일어나는 증발 과정과 식물의 광합성 작용으로 인해 일어나는 증산 작용을 포함하는 수문기상인자로 외부 환경에 민감하게 작용한다. 현재 국내외에서는 이를 정확하게 관측하여 활용하기 위해 증발접시(evaporation pan), 침루계(lysimeter) 등을 이용하여 실측하거나 Eddy covariance technique, Bowen ratio method 등을 이용하여 경험적으로 산정하고 있으나 공간적인 제약이 따른다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Terra 인공위성에 탑재된 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 다중분광 센서를 이용, 원격탐사 기술을 적용함으로써 이러한 지상 관측의 단점을 보완하고자 하였다. 이전 연구들에서 소개가 되었던 원격탐사 기반 증발산 산정 모형을 개선하여 별도의 외부 입력자료 없이 MODIS 위성 이미지 자료만을 이용, 우리나라의 지역적 특성을 반영한 Penman-Monteith 기반 증발산을 산정하였다. 유량조사사업단에서 운영 및 관리하고 있는 설마천/청미천 플럭스 타워의 증발산 관측치와 MODIS 기반 증발산 산정값과의 비교를 통해 각각 0.69, 0.74의 높은 상관계수를 보여 산정 방법의 적용성을 검증하였다.

한국인의 비누로 손씻기 실천율 및 융복합적 관련요인; 2013년 국민 손씻기 관찰조사 (The Status of Handwashing with Soap and its Convergent related Factors in Korean People ; based on Korea National Handwashing Observation Survey, 2013)

  • 황혜정;이무식;양남영;홍수진;김영택
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제13권12호
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    • pp.217-224
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    • 2015
  • OBJECTIVES 우리나라 국민들의 손씻기 실천률은 선진국에 비해서 매우 낮은 수준이다. 이 연구는 비누로 손씻기와 관련한 공중 화장실 이용시 행동 실태 및 관련요인을 분석고자 하였다. METHODS 2013년 9월 10일부터 9월 12일까지 우리나라 특 광역시 지하철역 및 기차역의 화장실 이용자를 대상으로 '2013년도 국민 손씻기 실태조사' 결과를 활용하였다. RESULTS 비누로 손씻기에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 행정구역(OR 0.490-2.255), 용무유형(소변 1.000, 대변 2.505), 물기제거방법(OR 0.497-3.107) 등이 도출되었다. CONCLUSIONS 연구의 결과는 감염성 질환을 예방하고, 관리하기 위한 국가 손씻기 증진 활동 및 사업의 기본적인 근거자료를 제공할 것이다.