• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.641-643
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• 2000

Because of high torque and easiness of speed control, Direct Current(DC) motors are used long time. But, its applications are limited in circumstance and performance, since they contained brush and commutator. The commutation characteristic gives effect to life and performance of DC motor. Naturally, the commutation characteristic analysis is strongly required. In this paper, With the result of finite element analysis. The inductance is calculated each rotor position and applied to the voltage equations coupled with commutation equation. The time derivative term in the differential equation is solved in time difference method. This algorithm was applied to 2-pole shunt DC motor. We considered commutation characteristic by changing contact resistance between brush and commutator segment.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2015

100년전 토마스 에디슨이 주장한 직류 전력 전송 방식인 DC 송전은 AC 송전보다 장거리 송전 시 손실이 적고 안정도가 좋다. 또한 다른 주파수를 가진 두 지역을 연계하여 전력을 전송 할 수있으며 전력 조류를 제어할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나, AC와 DC전력간의 변환 장치를 필요로 하여 설비 구축 비용이 비싸다는 점과 고도의 제어기술 및 검증 기술이 요구된다는 단점은 이제 굳이 논할 필요도 없는 사실이다. 이에 수년전부터 국내에서도 손실이 적고 안정도가 좋다는 장점이 지속적으로 부각되고 있으며 친 환경 발전 및 스마트 그리드의 호황 속에 DC 송전 기술의 필요성은 차세대 기술로 각광받으며 DC 고압 직류 방식인 HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current, 이하 HVDC)에 대한 연구 및 사업이 시작되었다. 그러나, HVDC 시스템의 손실 측정은 계산으로 인해 이루어지고 있으며, 이에 대한 실측 방안은 현재 없다. 또한 시스템 설계 시, 고려해야 하는 시스템의 Feasibility 및 신뢰성에서 손실은 중요한 지표 중의 하나이다. 그러나, HVDC 를 개발하고 설치, 운전하여 양도 또는 인수하는 과정에서 손실은 전력 요금과 직결되기 때문에 계산 및 측정에 대한 논란이 있는 실정이다. 계산 및 측정하는 HVDC의 손실은 무부하 손실 및 부하 손실로 구분된다. 본 논문에서는 현재 사용되고 있는 손실 계산 방법을 소개하고 당사에서 측정을 실시한 HVDC 손실 측정 방법에 대해서 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.900-905
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• 2008

I perform bit error rate(BER) analysis of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) systems impaired by both direct current(DC) offset and carrier frequency offset. By analyzing the BER performance for real OFDM systems employing 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) and pilot symbol estimation, the dependency of BER on the DC offset and carrier frequency offset is quantified and compared to ideal performance. Results show that the magnitude of frequency offset and DC offset are required to be less than 0.01 and 0.007, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2022

In this paper, we compared the properties of the chromium nitride (CrN) films prepared by inductively coupled plasma magnetron sputtering (ICPMS). As a comparison, CrN film prepared by a direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS) is also studied. The crystal structure, surface and cross-sectional microstructure and composite properties of the as-deposited CrN films are compared by x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, nanoindentation tester and corrosion resistance tester, respectively. It is found that the as-deposited CrN films by ICPMS grew preferentially on (200) plane when compared with that by dcMS on (111) plane. As a result, the films deposited by ICPMS have a very compact microstructure with high hardness: the nanoindentation hardness reached 19.8 GPa and 13.5 GPa by dcMS, respectively. Besides, the residual stress of CrN films prepared by ICPMS is also relatively large. After measuring the corrosion resistance, the corrosion current of films prepared by ICPMS was three order of magnitude smaller than that of CrN films deposited by dcMS.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 2017

Microwave wireless power transmission (MWPT) is a promising technique for low and medium power applications such as wireless charging for sensor network or for biomedical chips in case with long ranges or in dispersive media such. A key factor of the MWPT technique is its efficiency, which includes the wireless power transmission efficiency and the radio frequency (RF) to direct current (DC) voltage efficiency of RF-DC converter (which transforms RF energy to DC supply voltage). The main problem in designing an RF-DC converter is the nonlinear characteristic of Schottky diodes; this characteristic causes low efficiency, higher harmonics frequency and a change in the input impedance value when the RF input power changes. In this paper, rather than using harmonic termination techniques of class E or class F power amplifiers, which are usually used to improve the efficiency of RF-DC converters, we propose a new method called "optimal input impedance" to enhance the performance of our design. The results of simulations and measurements are presented in this paper along with a discussion of our design concerning its practical applications.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1746-1752
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• 2014

This paper presents an application of proportional-resonant (PR) current controllers in modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) system under unbalanced voltage conditions. The ac currents are transformed and controlled in the stationary reference frame (${\alpha}{\beta}$-frame). Thus, the complex analysis of the positive and negative sequence components in the synchronous rotating reference frame (dq-frame) is not necessary. With this control method, the ac currents are kept balanced and the dc-link voltage is constant under the unbalanced voltage fault conditions. The simulation results based on a detailed PSCAD/EMTDC model confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.54-59
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• 2023

In this paper, we analyze experimental results by applying the PHILS model to a lab-scale superconducting current limiter system for its actual application in medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) systems. Superconducting current limiters exhibit effective current-limiting performance in circuit breaker operations, particularly in limiting large fault currents within a short period, addressing the challenges posed by the increasing use of renewable energy and the integration of DC medium-voltage distribution systems. The development of such superconducting current limiters faces various technical and cost disadvantages, especially when applying a medium-voltage 35kV level system, which is intended for future introduction. The proven lab-scale superconducting current limiter system and the PHILS model are combined and integrated into the actual system. Our plan involves analyzing the limiter's performance, assessing its impact on the system, and preparing for its application in future medium-voltage systems. Utilizing RTDS, a simulation was conducted by connecting actual scaled-down equipment and systems, with the analysis results presented.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.251-260
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• 2015

The main purpose of this paper is to describe a DTC (direct torque control) method for four-switch brushless dc motor (BLDCM) drive. In the method, a novel voltage space vector modulation scheme, an optimal switching table, and a flux observation method are proposed. Eight voltage vectors are summarized, which are selected to control BLDCM in SVPWM pattern, and an optimal switching table is proposed to improve the torque distortion caused by midpoint current of the split capacitors. Unlike conventional flux observers, this observer does not require speed adaptation and is not susceptible to speed estimation errors, especially, at low speed. Global asymptotic stability of the flux observer is guaranteed by the Lyapunov stability analysis. DC-offset effects are mitigated by introducing a PI component in the observer gains. This method alleviates the undesired current and torque distortion which is caused by uncontrollable phase. The correctness and feasibility of the method are proved by simulation and experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.315-321
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• 1984

The electrochemical reduction of 0,0-dimethyl-0-(3-methyl-4 -nitrophenyl)-phosphorothioate ($Sumithion^{(R)}$) in acetonitrile solution has been studied by direct current (DC), differential pulse (DP) polarography and cyclic voltammetry methods. The irreversible electron-transfer chemical reaction (EC) mechanism of Sumithion proceeds by six electron-transfer to form radical and reduction of three-step which undergoes single bond of the phosphorus atom & phenoxy group by electron-transfer and protonation cleaved to give p-hydroxyamino-m-cresol and dimethylthiophosphonate as major product.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.477-485
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• 2023

In this paper, the effect of AC ripple on the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries is experimentally analyzed. Bidirectional power conversion system(PCS) is used to increase the efficiency of energy storage systems (ESS). When connected to the grid, a current ripple with a frequency twice the grid frequency is applied to the battery due to its structure. Therefore, to analyze the effect of AC ripple on Li-ion battery aging, cycle life test are performed by applying charge/discharge profiles of DC current and DC+AC current ripple specifications. Based on the experimental results, direct current internal resistance (DCIR), incremental capacitance (IC), and surface temperature were analyzed. As a result, it is confirmed that AC ripple does not directly affect degradation and that battery degradation slows down after a certain cycle. These results can serve as a guideline for optimizing filters to reduce ripple on the battery side in applications where AC ripple occurs.