• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.3490-3498
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 골프연습장의 유형에 따라 소비자가 지각하는 서비스기대 및 품질, 골프연습장 선택이유, 고객만족 및 고객충성도와의 인과관계를 규명하고, 그 차이를 분석하고자 서울시와 경기도, 부산시, 대구시, 광주시 소재 골프연습장을 이용하는 소비자들을 대상으로 조사한 후 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 실내 외 골프연습장의 선택이유는 고객충성도에 직접적인 영향을 미치지는 않으나 고객만족과 서비스기대를 통해 고객충성도에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 서비스품질의 경우 실내골프연습장은 실외골프연습장과 다른 차별화된 서비스를 제공할 필요가 있다. 실내 외 골프연습장 모두에서 고객만족은 서비스품질과 고객충성도의 관계를 강화시켜 주는 중요한 매개변수로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 급속하게 증가하고, 다양화하는 골프연습장의 신규와 재방문을 높이기 위해서는 차별적인 서비스 제공과 운영관리 등을 통해 골프연습장의 긍정적 이미지와 충성도, 만족도 등을 창출하여야 하고, 고객만족 경영을 위하여 이를 지속적으로 관리해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2016

2014년, 국내 4개 지역에서 바이러스와 같은 병징을 보이는 서향 잎에서 신종 potyvirus를 분리하였다. 병징을 보이는 잎에서 추출한 즙액을 DN법(direct negative stain)으로 전자현미경을 이용해 관찰한 결과 사상형 형태의 입자가 관찰되었다. RT-PCR 검출 결과 3점의 시료에서 Cucumber mosaic virus와 potyvirus에 대하여 양성반응을 보였으며, 1점의 시료에서는 potyvirus 양성반응을 보였다. HC-Pro, CI, CP 유전자 일부를 BLAST 분석한 결과 각각 Daphne mosaic virus와 76%, 72%, 72%의 높은 뉴클레오티드 상동성을 보였다. 신종 potyvirus는 국부병반을 나타내는 지표식물(붉은명아주)을 이용하여 분리하였다. 본 논문에서는 서향에서 신종 potyvirus를 동정하였으며, 본 바이러스를 Daphne mottle virus (DapMoV)로 명명하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2007

Statement of problem: The esthetic component of dental care has become increasingly more important, while new tooth-colored materials are continually marketed. Various new indirect composite materials have been developed with required advantages. The most recent development in the indirect composites has been the introduction of the second-generation laboratory composite or poly-glass materials. They are processed by different laboratory techniques based on combinations of heat, pressure, vacuum and light polymerization. Although, second generation products became available in 1995, their characteristics and clinical performance have not been adequately investigated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure the mechanical properties of the second generation indirect resin system and compare these with an existing universal direct composite resin. Material and method: In this study four indirect composite material (Adoro LC, BelleGlass HP, Tescera, Synfony) were tested for flexural strength, wear resistance, hardness and their degree of conversion against Z250, a light cure direct composite. Results: Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. From the abrasion wear result, Adoro showed the least volume loss while Synfony showed the greatest volume loss. Z250 and BelleGlass HP didn't show significant difference (p>0.05), but they showed significant difference with other groups (p<0.05). From the attrition wear, BelleGlass HP showed the least volume loss and it didn’t show significant difference with Tescera (p>0.05). While Synfony showed the greatest volume loss that it showed significant difference with other groups (p>0.05). 2. Mean values of flexural strength by means of three point bending test was in the order of Z250, Adoro, Belleglass HP, Tescera and Synfony. Mean elastic modulus was in the order of Z250, BelleGlass HP, Tescera, Adoro and Synfony. 3. The result of Vicker‘s microhardness value showed that significantly higher value in Z250 (p<0.05), and is in the order of BelleGlass HP, Tescera, Adoro and Synfony. 4. The degree of conversion measured by FT-IR showed significantly higher value in BelleGlass HP (p<0.05), and is in the order of Adoro, Synfony, Tescera and Z250. Conclusion: Significant differences were found in the flexural strength, wear resistance, hardness and their degree of conversion.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.358-365
• /
• 2007

본 논문에서 는 DS-CDMA(direct sequence code division multiple access) 통신시스템에서 다중안테나를 이용한 송신 빔 형성이 하향 링크의 성능에 미치는 영향을 빔 패턴을 통하여 연구하고자 한다. FDD(frequency division duplex) 시스템에서 상향 링크와 하향 링크는 반송파 주파수를 다르게 사용한다. 하향 링크가 상향 링크와 일치하는 빔 형성 가중치들을 사용한다면, 하향 링크의 안테나 빔은 다소의 DOA(direction of arrival)차이 때문에 빔형성 이득에 있어서 영향을 받게 된다. 따라서 서로 다른 반송파 주파수가 하향 링크의 빔 형성 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 주파수 조정 처리 방법은 상향 링크의 빔형성 가중치로부터 하향 링크의 가중치로 변환을 가능하게 한다. 이 방법을 이용하여 상향 링크와 하향 링크의 주파수 차이에 의한 하향 링크의 성능 저하를 감소시킬 수 있다. 주파수 선택적 채널에서 상향 링크는 경로마다 하나의 가중치를 이용하여 PPPW(per path per weight) 빔형성을 만들고, 반면에 하향 링크는 사용자당 가중치를 한 개만 사용하는 PUPW(per user per weight) 벡터를 이용한다. 상향 링크 PPPW 가중치들로부터 하향 링크 PUPW를 위한 하나의 빔 패턴을 형성하기 위해서 세 가지 방법을 고려한다. 첫째는 신호의 세기가 가장 큰 경로만을 이용한다. 둘째는 모든 경로들에게 각각의 크기에 비례하는 가중치를 할당하여 다중 빔들을 결합하여 하나의 빔을 형성한다. 셋째는 모든 경로들에게 같은 크기의 가중치를 할당하여 다중 빔들을 결합한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2008

A Bunsen reaction section is a primary stage of Sulfur-iodine thermochemical hydrogen production cycle. This section is important, because it decides the efficiency of next stages. In order to produce hydrogen very efficiently, the characteristics of Bunsen reaction were investigated via two experimental methods. The one is a phase separation of $H_2SO_4-HI-H_2O-I_2$ mixture system, and the other is a direct Bunsen reaction. The characteristics of each method were investigated and compared. As the result of this study, the amount of HI and $I_2$ in $H_2SO_4$ phase via Bunsen reaction was more decreased than that via $H_2SO_4-HI-H_2O-I_2$ mixture system with increasing $I_2$ concentration. However, the amount of $H_2SO_4$ in $HI_x$ phase via Bunsen reaction was remarkably increased with increasing $I_2$ concentration, while that via $H_2SO_4-HI-H_2O-I_2$ mixture system was decreased. On the other hand, the range of initial composition which is able to separate into two liquid phases without $I_2$ solidification was almost alike.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권10호
• /
• pp.4723-4727
• /
• 2016

Background: There are substantial differences in the mortality rates of stomach cancer among the 47 prefectures in Japan, and Aomori prefecture is one of the most severely impacted. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and mortality rates of stomach cancer in Aomori prefecture in comparison with Japan as a whole and cast light on reasons underlying variation. Methods: Data on stomach cancer cases were extracted from the Aomori Cancer Registry Database. Incidence rates for specific stages at the time of diagnosis were cited from Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan, and mortality rates for stomach cancer in Aomori prefecture and the whole of Japan were obtained from Vital Statistics. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the direct method. Results: The age-standardised incidence rate of stomach cancer in Aomori prefecture was higher than in the whole of Japan for males but lower for females. However, the age-standardised mortality rates were higher in Aomori prefecture in both sexes. The proportion of localised cancers was lower in Aomori prefecture than in the whole of Japan for most age groups. Conclusions: The lower rate for localised cancer suggests that higher age-standardised mortality rates are due to delays in diagnosis, despite an attendance rate for stomach cancer screening was higher in Aomori prefecture than in the whole of Japan. One plausible explanation for the failure of successful early detection might be poor quality control during screening implementation that impedes early detection.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2016

It is imperious to know the reproductive parameters of the subsisting swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to compare the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas between the local and crossbred at farm and backyard level. A total of 116 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, litter size, birth weight, weaning weight, gestation length, interval between farrowing and number of piglets born per sow in local and crossbred sows were determined and direct questionnaire method was used for data collection. The present study revealed that age at puberty between farm and backyard system of crossbred sows was $8.88{\pm}0.153$ and $9.85{\pm}0.221$ months, respectively. The farrowing interval was shorter in crossbred sows which were kept in farming system rather than backyard system. The interval between farrowing and onset of estrus was shorter in crossbred sows. The gestation length was almost similar between backyard and farm condition. The number of litter size per sow per farrowing was $8.45{\pm}0.41$ in crossbred and $7.17{\pm}0.250$ in local pigs at backyard system. The birth weight and weaning weight were more in farm conditions than backyard system. The age at puberty in local breed was lower than the crossbred and litter size was $8.45{\pm}0.407$ in crossbred which was higher than local breed $7.17{\pm}0.250$ in backyard system. These results suggest that reproductive parameters of local sow need to be improved for better production and crossbred sows should be reared for obtaining desired productivity.

• 방송공학회논문지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.307-318
• /
• 2016

Overlay texts are artificially superimposed on the broadcasting videos by human producers. These texts provide additional information to the audiovisual content. Especially, the overlay texts in news video contain concise and direct description of the content. Therefore, it is most reliable clue for constructing a news video indexing system. To make this indexing system in the TV news program, it is important to detect and recognize the texts. This paper proposes the identification of the overlay text beginning frame to help the detection and recognition of the overlay text in news videos. Since all frames in the video sequences do not contain the overlay texts, the overlay text extraction from every frame is unnecessary and time-wasting. Therefore, to focus on only the frame containing the overlay text can be enhanced the accuracy of the overlay text detection. The comparative experiments of the text beginning frame identification methods were carried out with respect to Korean television news videos. Then the appropriate processing method is proposed.

• Advances in Energy Research
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.121-146
• /
• 2016

This study is concerned with the analysis of two renewable technologies for electric energy production: wind energy and photovoltaic energy. The two technologies were assessed and compared by economic point of view, by using selected indicators characterized by a clear calculation approach, requirement of information easy to be collected, clear, but even complete, interpretation of results. The used economic indicators are Levelized Cost of Energy, $CO_2$ abatement cost and fossil fuel saving specific cost; these last two specifically aimed at evaluating the different capabilities that renewable technologies have to cut down direct $CO_2$ emissions and to avoid fossil fuel extraction. The two technologies were compared also from the environmental point of view by applying Life Cycle Assessment approach and using the environmental impact categories from the Eco-indicator'95 method. The economic analysis was developed by taking into account different energy system sizes and different geographic areas in order to compare different European conditions (Italy, Germany and Denmark) in term of renewable resource availability and market trend. The environmental analysis was developed comparing two particular types of PV and wind plants, respectively residential and micro-wind turbine, located in Italy. According to the three calculated economic indicators, the wind energy emerged as more favorable than PV energy. From the environmental point of view, both the technologies are able to provide savings for almost all the considered environmental impact categories. The proposed approach, based on the use of economic and environmental indicators may be useful in supporting the policies and the decision making procedures concerned with the promotion and use of renewables, in reference to the specific geographic, economic and temporal conditions.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.335-341
• /
• 2009

Canine brucellosis produce abortions and infertility in dogs and is currently diagnosed by serological methods such as rapid slide agglutination test with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME RSAT) and immunochromatographic assay (ICA). Bacterial isolation is considered gold standard for Brucella diagnosis and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an alternative method to bacterial isolation. A total of 36 whole blood samples were collected from dogs reared in area of Chuncheon and were subjected to serology (2-ME RSAT and ICA for B. canis, Rose Bengal test and C-ELISA for B. abortus), blood culture and 3 types of PCRs (BSCP31, 16s rRNA, and OMP-2). All blood samples were negative by serology and blood cultures. The BCSP31 and the OMP-2 PCR detected 5 samples were positive whereas the 16S rRNA PCR detected all samples were negative as serological methods and blood culture did. From the results observed in the present study, we conclude that 16S rRNA PCR could be used for direct PCR for canine blood samples.