• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2022

Sub-Kelvin cooling has been generally demanded for the fields of low temperature physics, such as physical property measurements, astronomical detection, and quantum computing. The refrigeration system with a small size can be appropriately introduced when the measurement system does not require a high cooling capacity at sub-Kelvin temperature. The dilution refrigerator which is a common method to reach sub-Kelvin, however, must possess a large ³He circulation equipment at room temperature. As alternatives, a sorption refrigerator and a magnetic refrigerator can be adopted for sub-Kelvin cooling. This paper describes those coolers which have been developed by various research groups. Furthermore, a cold-cycle dilution refrigerator of which the size of the ³He circulation system is minimized, is also introduced. Subsequently, a new concept of dilution refrigerator is proposed by our group. The suggested cooler can achieve sub-Kelvin temperature with a small size since it does not require any recuperator and turbo-molecular vacuum pump. Its architecture allows the compact configuration to reach sub-Kelvin temperature by integrating the sorption pump and the magnetic refrigerators. Therefore, it may be suitably utilized in the low temperature experiments requiring low cooling capacity.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 2009년도 Korea Superconductivity Society Meeting 2009
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• pp.112-112
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• 2009

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

This paper reviews the literature that has been published since 1980s related to cryogenic refrigeration systems for quantum computing. The reason why such a temperature level of 10-20 mK is necessary for quantum computing is that the superconducting qubit is sensitive to even very small thermal disturbances. The entanglement of the qubits may not be sustained due to thermal fluctuations and mechanical vibrations beyond their thresholds. This phenomenon is referred to as decoherence, and it causes an computation error in operation. For the stable operation of the quantum computer, a low-vibration cryogenic refrigeration system is imperative as an enabling technology. Conventional dilution refrigerators (DR), so called 'wet' DR, are precooled by liquid helium, but a more convenient and economical precooling method can be achieved by using a mechanical refrigerator instead of liquid cryogen. These 'dry' DRs typically equip pulse-tube refrigerators (PTR) for precooling the DRs around 4 K because of its particular advantage of low vibration characteristic. In this review paper, we have focused on the development status of 4 K PTRs and further potential development issues will be also discussed. A quiet 4 K refrigerator not only serves as an indispensable precooler of DR but also immediately enhances the characteristics of low noise amplifiers (LNA) or other cryo-electronics of various type quantum computers.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2002

Physiological properties of root and stolen of Gamcho (Licorice, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer) were compared following irradiation at 20 kGy. The root and stolen of Gamcho were extracted with 70 % ethanol, irradiated and stoved in a 4"C refrigerator. Irradiation induced color changes, electron donating ability (EDA), and tyro-sinase inhibition effect (TIE) were investigated. The color of the non-irradiated stolen extract was darker than the non-irradiated root extract (p<0.05), but irradiation eliminated color differences between stolen and root extracts. Generally, irradiation did not affect EDA and TIE of either of the extracts. However, EDA and TIE were higher in stolen extract than in root extract, when the higher dilution factor was considered. These results indicate that the stolen of Gamcho, which is mostly wasted, is a valuable source of phytochemicals with greater EDA and TIE activities than Gamcho root.root.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 추계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.669-674
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• 1996

The theory of quantum mechanics states that for any system there are a set of discrete physical states, quantum states, which corresponds a particular energy level of the system. The lowest energy the system can have, corresponding to its ground state, is not necessarily zero, but depends only on the precise microscopic nature of the system under consideration. At the absolute zero of temperature all systems will be in their lowest energy state (zero point energy) and as the system is warmed from OK, the higher energy states become occupied. The probability of occupancy of the excited states relative to that of the ground state is proportional to the absolute temperature. Therefore we can obtain nuclear dipole and quadrupole moment very accurately at ultra low temperature (<15mk) by NMR and from the destruction of anisotropy. The former is called LTNO/NMR and the latter is called LTNO (Low Temperature Nuclear Orientation). In this paper we discuss and introduce only an experimental apparatus with results of cooling power test, a helium dilution refrigerator, which can reache 8mK, and an actual technique for the experiment, a theory and results will be presented in another papers.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.317-332
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• 1998

소자화 랭동법은 전자 또는 핵의 자기 모벤트를 등온적으로 자화시킨 다음 단열상태에서 자화를 없앰으로써 온도를 내리는 방법이다. 전자의 소자화 냉동기는 교석 랭동기의 출현으로 거의 사용되지 않고 있으나 핵의 소자화 냉동기는 ${\mu}K$ 이하의 극저온을 얻을 수 있는 유일한 방법으로 극저온에서의 $^{3}He$액체 또는 $^{3}He$ 고체의 상전이, 극저온 초전도 현상, 핵의 자발질서 현상, 스핀 유리 상전이등의 연구에 많이 사용되고 있다. 핵의 소자화 냉동기는 대개 물체(시료) 전체의 온도를 내리는데 사용하나 빠른 소자화를 통해 핵만의 온도를 내리는데도 사용된다. 핵만의 온도를 내리는 냉동방법은 핵 자기 현상의 연구에 많이 이용되고 있다. 이러한 극저온을 얻기 위한 냉동법은 최첨단 기술이나 현재 국내에서는 극저온을 중점적로 연구하는 곳이 없는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 소자화 냉동에 관한 현재의 취세를 소개하고 앞으로의 연구방향을 제시하고자 한다.