• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2015

Optimization of the fabrication process of NiO-yttrium doped barium zirconate (BZY) composite anode substrates using tape-casting for high performance thin-film protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) is investigated. The anode substrate is composed of a tens of microns-thick anode functional layer laminated over a porous anode substrate. The macro-pore structure of the anode support is induced by micron-scale polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) pore formers. Thermal gravity analysis (TGA) and a dilatometer are used to determine the polymeric additive burn-out and sintering temperatures. Crystallinity and microstructure of the tape-cast NiO-BZY anode are analyzed after the sintering.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1979

The purpose of this study was to measure thermal expansions of dental investments, Biovest(Casting Investment. Dentsply International INC, U.S.A.), Multi-Best (Use for all dental chrome-cobalt alloys, The Ransom & Randolph Co. U.S.A.), Kerr(Inlay Investment. Sybron Kerr, U.S.A.), O. K. (Inlay Investment. Shofu Dental MFG, Co. Japan), Whip-Mix (Cristobalite Inlay Investment. Whip-Mix Corporation. U.S.A.). Thermal expansion of specimens(5mm in diameter and 50mm in length) was measured by a dilatometer at the temperature range from $20^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$ by comparing expansion between standardized quartz and experimental specimens with heating rate about $300^{\circ}C$/hr. The following results were obtained. 1. The coefficient of thermal expansion of Biovest was $15{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ in the water powder ratio 18/100 and $14{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ in the water powder ratio 28/100. Those of Multi-Best were $9{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ in the water powder ratio 14/100 and $7{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ in the water powder ratio 24/100. 2. The coefficient of thermal expansion of Kerr were $17{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ in the water powder ratio 38/100 and $14{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}c$ in the water powder ratio 48/100. Those of O. K. were $9{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ in the water powder ratio 33/100 and $7{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ in the water powder ratio 43/100 3. The coefficient of thermal expansion of Whip-Mix were $14{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ in the water powder ritio 40/100 and $12{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}c$ Fein the water powder ratio 50/100. Those of Hi-Heat were $11{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}c$ in the water powder ratio 28/100 and $10{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}c$ in the water powder ratio 38/100.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2010

In this study, to predict the microstructure in weld HAZ of low alloyed steel, prediction model for the phase transformation considering the influence of prior austenite grain size and cooling rate was developed. For this study, six low alloyed steels were designed and the effect of alloying elements was also investigated. In order to develop the prediction model for ferrite transformation, isothermal ferrite transformation behaviors were analyzed by dilatometer system and 'Avrami equation' which was modified to consider the effect of prior austenite grain size. After that, model for ferrite phase transformation during continuous cooling was proposed based on the isothermal ferrite transformation model through applying the 'Additivity rule'. Also, start temperatures of ferrite transformation were predicted by $A_{r3}$ considering the cooling rate. CCT diagram was calculated through this model, these results were in good agreement with the experimental results. After ferrite transformation, bainite transformation was predicted using Esaka model which corresponded most closely to the experimental results among various models. The start temperatures of bainite transformation were determined using K. J. Lee model. Phase fraction of martensite was obtained according to phase fractions of ferrite and bainite.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2022

In this study, an Co/Fe coated porcelain using a cobalt and ferrous sulfate was sintered at 1,250 ℃. The specimens were investigated by HR-XRD, FE-SEM (EDS), Dilatometer, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The surface of the porcelain was uniformly fused with the pigment, and white ware and celadon body specimens were densely fused to a certain thickness from the surface. Other new compounds were produced by the chemical reaction of cobalt/ferrous sulfate with the porcelain body during the sintering process. These compounds were identified as cobalt ferrite spinel phases for white ware and white mixed ware, and an andradite phase for the celadon body, and the amorphous phase, respectively. As for the color of the specimens coated with cobalt and ferrous mixed pigments, it was found that the L^* value was greatly affected by the white ware, and the a^* and b^* values were significantly changed in the celadon body. The L^* values of the specimens fired with pure white ware, celadon body, and white mix ware were 72.1, 60.92, 82.34, respectively. The C7F3 pigment coated porcelain fired at 1,250 ℃ had L^* values of 39.91, 50.17, and 40.53 for the white ware, celadon body, and white mixed ware, respectively; with a^* values of -1.07, -2.04, and -0.19, and at b^* values of 0.46 and 6.01, it was found to be 4.03. As a new cobalt ferrite spinel phase was formed, it seemed to have had a great influence on the color change of the ceramic surface.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 대형 챔버에 조성된 고결시료에 미니콘 관입시험과 딜라토미터 시험을 수행하고, 각 시험결과에 반영된 고결영향을 평가하였다. 시험결과 딜라토미터 시험이 콘관입시험보다 모래의 고결에 좀 더 민감하였으나, 두 시험 모두 관입주변의 고결결합을 파괴하기 때문에 고결모래의 변형특성을 정확히 평가할 수 없었다. 모래의 고결정도가 증가할수록 고결모래의 딜라토미터 계수와 콘선단저항의 비($E_D/q_c$)가 증가하였으나, 기존 연구와는 달리 고결모래와 미고결모래의 수평음력지수와 콘선단저항의 관계는 명확히 나타나지 않았다. 콘선단저항과 딜라토미터 횡방향구속 변형계수($M_D$)의 관계로부터 고결모래의 점착력과 횡방향구속 변형계수(M)를 평가하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2007

대변형을 고려한 유한요소법을 이용하여 flat DMT의 3차원 관입을 모사하였다. 상용 프로그램으로 널리 알려진 ABAQUS/Explicit를 이용하여 flat DMT의 3차원 관입 해석을 수행하였으며 관입 도중에 발생되는 큰 요소 변형을 해결하기 위하여 adaptive meshing 기법을 도입하였다. 해석 결과를 바탕으로, flat DMT 시험방법으로부터 얻어지는 3가지 지수 중에 하나인 수평응력지수($K_{D}$)와 지반 설계 정수인 비배수 전단강도 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 $K_{D}=2$ 정규압밀지반에서는 Marchetti(1980)가 제안한 경험적 상관관계식과, $K_{D}$가 2이상으로 모사되는 과압밀지반에서는 Kamei & Iwasaki(1995)가 제안한 경험적 상관관계식과 잘 일치하는 결과를 제공하였다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2018

고준위폐기물을 처분하기 위한 심층처분시스템의 구성 요소로는 처분용기, 완충재, 뒷채움 및 근계 암반이 있다. 이 중 완충재는 심층 처분시스템에 있어 필수적인 요소이다. 처분용기에서 발생하는 고온의 열량은 완충재로 전파되기에 완충재의 열적 특성은 처분시스템의 안정성 평가에 상당히 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 특히, 고온의 열량은 완충재의 열적 팽창을 야기하여 근계 암반에 열응력을 야기할 수 있기에 완충재의 열팽창 특성 규명은 반드시 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 경주산 압축 벤토나이트 완충재(KJ-II)에 대한 열팽창 거동 특성을 실내 실험을 통해 분석하고 선형 열팽창계수에 대한 추정 모델을 제시하고자 하였다. 압축 벤토나이트 완충재의 선형 열팽창계수는 딜라토미터 장비를 이용하여 승온속도, 건조밀도, 온도 범위에 따라 측정되었으며 선형 열팽창계수 값은 대략 $4.0{\sim}6.0{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ 로 측정되었다. 또한 실험 데이터를 토대로 비선형 회귀분석 방법을 이용하여 건조밀도에 따른 경주 압축 벤토나이트 완충재의 선형 열팽창계수를 추정할 수 있는 모델을 제시하였다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2002

해남 공룡족흔화석을 포함하고 있는 퇴적암의 보존 방안을 연구하기 위하여 물리적 성질을 조사하였다. 9개의 시료를 선택하여 실내 실험을 통하여 공극률, 공극비, 건조 밀도, 함수비 및 포화도를 계산하였다. 3점꺾임강도는 만능재료시험기를 이용하여 측정하였고, 열팽창률은 팽창계를 사용하여 측정하였다. 우항리 퇴적암은 매우 낮은 공극률, 공극비 및 함수비를 가진다. 세일의 3점꺾임강도는 24.16~42.84, 사암은 16.34~43.52 $N/mm^2$로써 일반적인 퇴적암에 비하여 매우 낮다. 우항리 암석의 공극률이 작음에도 불구하고 강도가 낮은 이유는 미세한 열극이 암석 시료 내 여러 곳에 산재하여 있기 때문으로 생각된다. 열팽창률은 $14.7~21.3\Times10^{-6 }$ 범위인데, 이 값은 알루미나에 비하여 2~2.5배, 활석에 비하여 약 10배 정도 큰 값이다. 사암의 경우 쳐트의 양이 많을수록 공극률, 공극비와 함수비는 증가하며, 건조밀도와 포화도는 작아진다. 쳐트를 함유한 사암은 포함하지 않은 사암에 비하여 공극률과 열팽창률이 월등하게 높아서 강도가 낮다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.368-382
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the results of argon laser for 5 seconds, argon laser for 10 seconds, and visible light for 40 seconds photo-polymerization in compressive strength, microhardness, curing depth, temperature rising during polymerization, and polymerization shrinkage. Hybrid type composite resin(Z-100) and compomer(Dyract) were used to be compared. The compressive strength was measured by an Instron(1mm/min cross head speed) in 60 specimens and the microhardness of the surface was expressed by Vickers Hardness Number(VHN) in 30 specimens. The curing depth was evaluated comparing the different values of upper and lower VHN according to irradiation time and thickness for the light source polymerization in 60 specimens. The temperature rising during photopolymerization was observed by the temperature change with thermocouple sensitizer beneath 40 specimens at the argon laser for 10 seconds and visible light 40 seconds irradiation. The polymerization shinkage was evaluated by calculating the decrease of % volume by using a dilatometer in 30 specimens. The results were as follows ; 1. In the case of compressive strength, the argon laser polymerization groups were higher than visible light group in Z-100 (p<0.05). In Dyract, the argon laser 5 seconds group did not show a significant difference with the visible light 40 seconds group. The argon laser 10 seconds group showed the markedly low value when compared with other groups (p<0.05) 2. In microhardness, Z-100 was better than Dyract when comparing by VHNs (p<0.05); however, there was not a significant difference between two materials in the visible light 40 seconds group and the argon laser 10 seconds group. 3. In the study of curing depth, Z-100 showed the consistent polymerization in argon laser irradiation because there was no difference in the VHN decrease according to the thickness change. Over the thickness control, the results did not show a significant difference between visible light and argon laser group in Z-100; however, in the case of Dyract, the visible light 40 seconds group was better than the argon laser groups(p<0.05). 4. There was a significant difference between the two materials in temperature rising during polymerization (p<0.05), but not a significant difference between irradiation times, 5. There was not a significant difference between the two materials in polymerization shrink age. The argon laser 5 seconds group was smaller than the other groups (p<0.05). It could be concluded that Z-100 polymerization was recommended to use the argon laser for reduction of the irradiation time while Dyract was recommended to use the visible light polymerization.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2009

본 연구는 콘 관입시험(CTP)과 딜라토미터시험(DMT)을 이용한 부산지역 점토의 최대전단탄성계수 추정($G_{max}$)에 관한 것이다. 이를 위해 부산신항 지역과 녹산지역에서 피에조콘 관입시험(CPT) 및 달라토미터시험(DMT)를 수행하였으며, 비교란 시료를 채취하여 hybrid oedometer 시험을 실시하였다. Oedometer 내벽에 장착된 벤더엘리먼트로 전단파 속도를 측정하여 최대전단탄성계수를 산정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 부산점토의 최대전단탄성계수와 구속응력, 간극비, 응력이력간의 관계를 파악하였다. 현장시험 및 실내시험을 분석한 결과, $q_t$와 $G_{max}$의 상관계수 ${\alpha}_G$는 소성지수에 반비례하는 것으로 나타났으며, $E_D$와 $G_{max}$의 상관계수 $R_G$는 ($I/I_D$)$(p_a/{\sigma}'_v)^{0.5}$와 비례관계를 나타냈다. 이러한 관계를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 CPT와 DMT 시험으로부터 $G_{max}$를 추정하는 방법을 개발하였으며, 제안된 방법은 부산점토의 최대전단탄성계수를 적절하게 예측하는 것으로 관찰되었다.