• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2010

This study investigates the dominant degree of product design factors through the process of change of design factors. The previous research suggested a concrete measurement method of dominant designs, but it did not investigate empirically the degree of dominance due to the limited data for changes of designs. In this research, thus, after collecting design data of mobile phones and we measured the dominance and structure change of the designs by year. The analyses showed the following two things. First, in design factors of mobile phone the dominance on the body form and the edge grows more and both of them as dominant design factors tend to converge into the rectangular body form and the round edge, respectively. Second, the dominance on other design factors(e.g. the button type, the open type, whether or not to have digital multimedia broadcasting(DMB) and video telephony functions, the combination of colors and the body color) increases and decreases; and hence, design levels tend to diverge. In conclusion, the measurement of dominance on product design factors contributes to marketing managers and designers who are required to establish a strategy for products under the rapidly changing circumstances of market. This research aims to provide those managers and designers with a guide line for a successful development of new product to prepare for the dominant design from this empirical study.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.22-32
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• 2010

Increasingly advanced Information Technology (IT) has changed the operator so as to create more diversified and advanced traffic information demand. To deal with the changing demand in private sector, a concept of on-demand traffic information has been rapidly introduced. However VMS, a product of the first generation of ITS, which was designed to provide the unspecified individuals during driving the car with the basic level of traffic information by the public failed to actively change itself in such a changing pattern. This study was intended to describe the VMS system (tentatively, FM-VMS) which was further developed to accommodate the needs favoring the sophisticated PDA with the public role of providing the unspecified individuals with the equal information. FM-VMS introduced in this study is the device designed to transmit the voice and message to the drivers through the radio information device mounted on a car. A core technology is, unlike FM-DARC and RDS, the Water Making technology which directly inserts the digital signal into FM frequency in use. It's been currently used for broadcasting and security purpose. A detection rate as a result of testing FM-VMS system using Water Making technology was 90% or more in voice and message within 20m from test VMS. When a public-developed VMS information could be transmitted using FM frequency to the relatively vulnerable users (vulnerable to traffic information) in voice on a real-time basis to provide the regional traffic information, and furthermore, VMS message could be received through radio liquid using FM frequency only, it would obviously bring about the innovation in ITS as well as pave the way for creating the new added value down the road.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2008

Wideband speech, characterized by a bandwidth of about 7 kHz (50-7000 Hz), provides a substantial quality improvement in terms of naturalness and intelligibility. Although higher data rates are required, it has extended its application to audio and video conferencing, high-quality multimedia communications in mobile links or packet-switched transmissions, and digital AM broadcasting. In this paper, we present a new bandwidth-scalable coder for wideband speech and audio signals. The proposed coder spits 8kHz signal bandwidth into two narrow bands, and different coding schemes are applied to each band. The lower-band signal is coded using the ITU-T G.729/G.729E coder, and the higher-band signal is compressed using a new algorithm based on the gammatone filter bank with an invertible auditory model. Due to the split-band architecture and completely independent coding schemes for each band, the output speech of the decoder can be selected to be a narrowband or wideband according to the channel condition. Subjective tests showed that, for wideband speech and audio signals, the proposed coder at 14.2/18 kbit/s produces superior quality to ITU-T 24 kbit/s G.722.1 with the shorter algorithmic delay.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2008

For forward error correction, DVB-S2, which is the digital video broadcasting forward error coding and modulation standard for satellite television, uses a system based the concatenation of BCH with LDPC inner coding. In DVB-S2 the LDPC codes are defined for 11 different code rates, which means that a DVB-S2 LDPC decoder should support multiple code rates. Seven of the 11 code rates, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9, and 9/10, are regular and the rest four code rates, 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, and 1/2, are irregular. In this paper we propose a flexible decoder for the regular LDPC codes. We combined the partially parallel decoding architecture that has the advantages in the chip size, the memory efficiency, and the processing rate with Benes network to implement a DVB-S2 LDPC decoder that can support multiple code rates with a block size of 64,800 and can configure the interconnection between the variable nodes and the check nodes according to the parity-check matrix. The proposed decoder runs correctly at the frequency of 200MHz enabling 193.2Mbps decoding throughput. The area of the proposed decoder is $16.261m^2$ and the power dissipation is 198mW at a power supply voltage of 1.5V.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

The Digital TV(DTV) standard has ushered in a new era in TV broadcasting and raised a great demand for DTV tuners. There are many challenges in designing a DTV tuner, of which the most difficult part is the frequency synthesizer. This paper presents the design of a frequency synthesizer for DTV Tuners in a $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process. It satisfies the DTV(ATSC) frequency band(54~806MHz). A scheme is proposed to cover the full band using only one VCO. The VCO has been designed to operate at 1.6~3.6GHz band such that the LO pulling effect is minimized, and reliable broadband characteristics have been achieved by reducing the variations of VCO gain and frequency step. The simulation results show that the designed VCO has gains of 59~94MHz(${\pm}$17.7MHz/V,${\pm}$23%) and frequency steps of 26~42.5MHz(${\pm}$8.25MHz/V,${\pm}$24%), and a very wide tuning range of 76.9%. The designed frequency synthesizer has a phase noise of -106dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset, and the lock time is less than $10{\mu}$sec. It consumes 20~23mA from a 1.8V supply, and the chip size including PADs is 2.0mm${\times}$1.8mm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.524-527
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• 2008

Recently, digital and the Internet are widespread out of the world, and multimedia processing technology and the development of information and communication technology in education using the Internet as the demand is rapidly increasing. Also, we tan easily use informations with less restrictions of time and space. however, several kinds of audio, media to integrate multimedia data, such as the proliferation of demands for representation. Therefore, in 1998, W3C presented an international standard, SMIL in order to solve multimedia object representation and synchronization problems. By using SMIL, various multimedia elements can be integrated as a multimedia document with proper view in a spate and time. Using this SMIL document, we can create new internet radio broadcasting service that delivers not noly audio data but also various text, image and video. In this paper, with the system, teachers can easily create multimedia courseware and living broadcast their torture on network, students can receive audio-video information of the teacher, screen displays of the teachers computer. Moreover students can communicate with teacher simultaneously by text editor windows. Students can also order courseware after class.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.31-35
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• 2004

정보통신 기술의 발달과 디지털 방송의 시작, 뉴미디어의 출현으로 인한 통신과 방송의 융합은 가속화되고 있다. 또한 2010년까지 광대역통신망 BcN과 홈네트워크 구축을 위한 정부정책이 실행 중에 있다. 100Mbps의 전송속도를 구현해야 하는 광대역 통신망(BcN)을 위해 기존 인터넷 백본 1)망은 잘 구축이 되어 있으나 가입자까지의 망 구조에 많은 문제점을 앉고 있다. 기존 전화국을 이용한 XDSL과 지역 SO를 활용한 Cable Modem의 경우 병목현상과 이론상 속도 또한 BcN과 통방통합이 요구하는 50-100Mhz의 전송속도를 만족하지 못한다. 새로운 망 구조를 구축하기 위해 많은 비용과 시간의 소요가 예상된다 가입자 망 구축에 따른 많은 방법과 이론이 제시되고 있다. 똔 논문에선 지역 SO를 활용하여 가입자까지 망을 통방통합과 BcN에 적합한 가입자 망을 새롭게 구성하는 것을 목표로 한다. 먼저 지역 50의 망을 활용하기 위해선 기존 KT와 파워콤의 COF(Glass Optical Fiber)망과 지역 케이블 SO의 HFC 망을 이용하기에는 동축케이블 망의 물리적 특성에 따른 한계로 통방통합과 BcN에 부적합하다. Tree And Branch 구조의 HFC망 대신 $SMF^{2)}$의 기존 SO의 자가망을 새롭게 설계하고 광분배망 기술인 $E-PON^{3)}$방식을 접목시켜 최대한 동축망을 사용하지 않고 굴곡 특성에 약한 $FOG^{4)}$의 특성을 극복하기 위해 $POF^{5)}$망을 이용하여 댁내 홈게이트웨이까지 연결하는 방식으로 지역 SO를 거점으로 활용하여 댁내까지 FHHT와 홈 네트워크까지의 가입자 망을 새롭게 구성하고자 한다. 저장의 효율성을 위해 이진 포멧인 IPMP화된 MP4 파일을 생성할 수 있다.으로써, 에러 이미지가 가지고 있는 엔트로피에 좀 근접하게 코딩을 할 수 있게 되었다. 이 방법은 실제로 Arithmetic Coder를 이용하는 다른 압축 방법에 그리고 적용할 수 있다. 실험 결과 압축효율은 JPEG-LS보다 약 $5\%$의 압축 성능 개선이 있었으며, CALIC과는 대등한 압축률을 보이며, 부호화/복호화 속도는 CALIC보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.우 $23.87\%$($18.00\~30.91\%$), 갑폭 $23.99\%$($17.82\~30.48\%$), 체중 $91.51\%$($58.86\~129.14\%$)이였으며 성장율은 사육 온도구간별 차는 없었다.20 km 까지의 지점들(지점 2에서 지점 6)에서 매우 높은 값을 보이며 이는 조석작용으로 해수와 담수가 강제혼합되면서 표층퇴적물이 재부유하기 때문이라고 판단된다. 영양염류는 월별로 다소의 차이는 있으나, 대체적으로 지점 1과 2에서 가장 낮고, 상류로 갈수록 점차 증가하며 지점 7 상류역이 하류역에 비해 높은 농도이다. 월별로는 7월에 규산염, 용존무기태질소 및 암모니아의 농도가 가장 높은 반면에 용존산소포화도는 가장 낮다. 그러나 지점 14 상류역에서는 5월에 측정한 용존무기태질소, 암모니아, 인산염 및 COD 값이 7월보다 다소 높거나 비슷하다. 한편 영양염류와 COD값은 대체적으로 8월에 가장 낮으나 용존산소포화도는 가장 높다.출조건은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1분간의 고온단시간 추출이 적합하였다. 증가를 나타내었는데

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.2A
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• pp.172-178
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• 2011

In this paper, the performance of bit interleaved of coded and modulation(BICM) module of the second generation of digital terrestrial television broadcasting system(DVB-T2) is evaluated with the help of computer simulation. The frame error rate performance is studied in AWGN, Rayleigh fading and 15% erasure channels. In addition, iterative receiver is considered that exchanges extrinsic information between the rotated demapper and the LDPC decoder. Through the simulation it is observed that under the flat fading Rayleigh channel, about 1.2dB gain at FER of $10^{-4}$ is introduced when rotated constellation and iterative demapping and decoding are employed. Under the 15% earasure channel, rotated constellation gives performance gain of about 5dB at BER of $10^{-4}$ and when IDD is applied, additional performance gain of about 3dB can be achieved.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

A scheme to evaluate the number of users and cell coverage of a WCDMA supporting multi-rate traffic is newly presented through calculation of the realizable Erlang capacity from a derived blocking probability and the path loss from the COST231 Walfisch-Ikegami(W) model. We evaluate the voice-data Erlang capacities at various data rates of 15 kbps to 960 kbps and it is shown that they have a linear relationship to each other. When the E$\_$b//N$\_$o/ is low from 4 ㏈ to 3 ㏈ in case of voice capacity of 50 Erlang at 8 kbps, the result shows the increase for the data capacity of 10 Erlang and the enlargement of 100 m for the cell coverage at low rate of 15 kbps, and the increase of 0.11 Erlang and the enlargement of 40 m at high rate of 960 kbps. The increase of the blocking probability results in the increase of the Erlang capacity, but not an effect on the cell coverage, and the increase of active users in a cell results in the decrease of the coverage.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.259-271
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• 2013

This paper addresses the efficient facility placements to adopt a super WiFi network, taking significant considerations as the next generation 'information highway'. Since the super WiFi has a wider geographic coverage by utilizing the white spaces of TV broadcasting which are empty and available frequencies for the wireless communications, it would play an important role in releasing digital divide of the internet access for low populated or mountainous areas. The purpose of this paper is to explore systematic and efficient spatial plans for the super WiFi. For doing this, we applied optimal location covering models to Gurye-gun, Jeonlanamdo. From the application, we presented optimal locations for super WiFi facilities and significant analytical results, such as the tradeoff between the number of facilities and coverage and marginal coverage for establishing super WiFi network. The results of this research would be usefully utilized for decision makers who wish to adopt a super WiFi, to extend wireless networks in a city or build a regional infrastructure of wireless facilities.