• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2013

This study was to evaluate the single dose toxicity of Arecae Semen (AS) in male and female ICR mice. Aqueous extracts of AS (Yield = 13.15%) were administered as an oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body weight) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guidelines. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy; organ weight and histopathology of 12 principle organs were examined. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, and changes in the body and organ weight except for diarrhea. Diarrhea were observed in all three different dosage groups of male mice, and in 2000 mg/kg groups of female mice within 48hrs after administration. In addition, no AS extract related abnormal gross findings and changes in histopathology of principle organs were detected except for some sporadic accidental findings. Although the 50% lethal dose and approximate lethal dose of AS aqueous extracts in female and male mice were detected as over 2,000 mg/kg - the limited highest dosage recommended by KFDA guidelines. It should be carefully used in clinics because AS may be induced severe digestive tract disorders.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.7
• /
• pp.1084-1088
• /
• 2002

Currently, the lack of equipments for the medical practice and education made it impossible for the people in medical institution to carry out suitable experiments for observing human bodies .In this paper, the authors embodied three dimensional images and moving pictures for the human skeletal structure, digestive organs, cardiovascular system and their processes over the internet framework. The three dimensional images and moving picture made it possible for the general people as well as the specialists to observe and obtain informations with regard to the human body. Especially, the authors realized a framework for visualizing the human bodies in three dimensional images, via which a detailed and realistic architecture for the human body and its organs can be obtained. The system developed in this paper can be used in the practice and education of the people engaged in medical fields.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 1981

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the food habit and the health status. For this Purpose, 709 junior and senior high school teachers were studied by the questionnaire sheets; one was for the food habit and the other was for health complaints. (the standarized questionnaire designated Todai Health Index.) The results obtained were as follows, 1) Mean score of the food habit was 10.99 in males and 12.17 in females. The balanced dietary intake was associated with the ideal body weight. 2) In males and females with low food habit score than in those with high food habit score, THI point in sufferings, digestive organs, straight-forwardness, depression and life irregularity were higher. In males with low food habit score, THI point in nervousness was higher. In females with low food habit score, THI point in respiratory organs was higher. On the contrary the male subjects with high food habit score showed higher THI point in vanity and the female subjects with high feed habit score shewed higher THI point in vanity and nervousness. 3) Persons living alone showed a high tendency to eating away from home and to having low score of food habit. 4) Persons with low food habit score showed a high tendency to eating instant foods and considered themselves having poor health status.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.264-270
• /
• 2002

Current]y, the lack of equipments for the medical practice and education made it impossible for the people in medical institution to carry out suitable experiments for observing human bodies. In this paper, the authors embodied three dimensional images and moving pictures for the human skeletal structure, digestive organs and their processes over the internet framework. The three dimensional images and moving picture made it possible for the general people as well as the specialists to observe and obtain informations with regard to the human body. Especially, the authors realized a framework for visualizing the human bodies in three dimensional images, via which a detailed and realistic architecture for the human body and its organs can be obtained. The system developed in this Paper can be used in the practice and education of the people engaged in medical fields.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 1993

In order to investigate the effects of dietary cellulose and protein levels on chick performance, four semi-purified diets were formulated so as to contain cellulose at levels of 5% (LC) and 20% (HC) in combination with 10% (LP) and 20% (HP) protein, and fed ad libitum to 1-week-old White Leghorn male chicks for 3 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency between the LC-HP and HC-HP groups. All parameters were lower in the LP groups; the HC-LP group consumed very small amount of feed and lost body weight during the experiment. The retention rates of DM, ash, nitrogen and energy were higher in the HP than the LP groups. The triglyceride concentration of carcass was lower in the HC-LP group and that of liver was higher in the LC-LP group. The carcass total cholesterol level was higher in the HC-HP group. The relative weight of most digestive organs was higher in the HP group irrespective of the cellulose level. In conclusion, the chick performance was primarily influenced by dietary protein level, and when the chicks were fed inadequate levels of protein, the low cellulose level gave a better performance than the high cellulose level.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2012

In order to evaluate the physical and psychological health effects from automobile air pollution, 99 employees who worked near a main street were given a general health questionnaire, and the prevalence of their subjective complaints was measured. The collected data were classified according to gender, sleep time, degree of regular exercise, self-consciousness of symptoms, length of employment, work time, rest time, and smoking status. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The scores related to health complaints regarding physical and psychological items were higher in females than in males. THI scores were higher for the < 4 hour sleep time group. The health complaint scores for physical items were higher in the regular exercise group, whereas most scores for mental items were higher in the irregular exercise groups. The health complaints scores for physical and psychological items were higher in the unhealthy symptom group than in other groups. Those employees who had worked for > 4 years showed significantly higher rates of complaints regarding the eyes and skin. THI scores were higher for the < 6 hour working time group. The smoking group showed higher scores regarding health complaints related to physical items. The THI scores of the respiratory organs, mouth, anus, and digestive organs were significantly higher for the smoking group than for the non-smoking group. In summary, this study shows that the health complaint scores regarding physical and psychological symptoms tended to be higher among the unhealthy group, the less sleep time group, the less work time group, smokers, and females. These results can be used to improve the psychosomatic health status and working environments of employees who work near a main street.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.596-599
• /
• 2005

Human health is affected by not only physical conditions but also mental and social well-being. Changes of human emotions show up as gestures, facial expressions and sweating. Human emotions are affected by such automatic nerve system functions as blood pressure, blood circulation speed, heart beats, pupillary reflex, fluid transfusion, muscular contraction and digestive organs, all of which influence the holistic diseases. The Oriental Medicine sees from a perspective of unity of divinity and men that human life activities are united in terms of their physical and mental functions. From such a perspective, human Five Organs are linked with Five Mental(五神) and Seven Emotions(七情), while they are affected by each other, influencing the life activities both directly and indirectly. Based on Confucianism, Sa-Sang Theory argues that human emotions can be categorized into four energy states and therefore, that human diseases and physiological conditions there of may be determined differently depending on the Four Energies(四氣). There seems to be some common points between Sa-Sang Theory and the conventional Oriental Medicine in that human emotions affect individuals' health conditions, so there seems to be much room for mutual complementation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1019-1026
• /
• 2010

The object of this study was to evaluate the single dose toxicity of Iijintanggami-bang (IJTGMB), a polyherbal formula have been traditionally used as prevention or treatment agent for various digestive disorders including reflux esophagitis, in male and female mice. Aqueous extracts of IJTGMB (Yield = 8.45%) was administered to female and male ICR mice as an oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body weight) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy; organ weight and histopathology of 12 principal organs were examined. As results, we could not find any mortality, clinical signs, and changesin the body and organ weight except for soft feces restricted to IJTGMB 2,000 mg/kg treated two male mice (2/5; 40%) at 1 day after administration. In addition, no IJTGMB-treatment related abnormal gross findings and changes in histopathology of principle organs were detected except for some sporadic accidental findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that the 50% lethal dose and approximate lethal dose of IJTGMB aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2,000 mg/kg, the limited highest dosage recommended by KFDA Guidelines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.352-355
• /
• 2002

Currently, the lack of equipments for the medical practice and education made it impossible for the people in medical institution to carry out suitable experiments for observing human bodies. In this paper, the authors embodied three dimensional images and moving pictures for the human skeletal structure, digestive organs, cardiovascular system and their processes over the internet framework. The three dimensional images and moving picture made it possible for the general people as well as the specialists to observe and obtain informations with regard to the human body. Especially, the authors realized a framework for visualizing the human bodies in three dimensional images, via which a detailed and realistic architecture for the human body and its organs can be obtained. The system developed in this paper can be used in the practice and education of the people engaged in medical fields.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2017

Regulation of feeding is essential for animal survival. The pharyngeal sense organs can act as a second checkpoint of food quality, due to their position between external taste organs such as the labellum which initially assess food quality, and the digestive tract. Growing evidence provides support that the pharyngeal sensory neurons regulate feeding, but much is still unknown. We found that a pair of gustatory receptor neurons in the LSO, a Drosophila adult pharyngeal organ which expresses four gustatory receptors, is involved in feeding inhibition in response to high concentrations of sodium ions. RNAi experiments and mutant analysis showed that the gustatory receptor Gr2a is necessary for this process. This feeding preference determined by whether a food source is perceived as appetizing or not is influenced by nutritional conditions, such that when the animal is hungry, the need for energy dominates over how appealing the food source is. Our results provide experimental evidence that factors involved in feeding function in a context-dependent manner.