• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.47-64
• /
• 2019

We analyze and study competition in differentiated product market using public data source. Understanding competitive market structure is critical for firms to assess how their products compete against other firms in a given market. In this paper, we estimate consumer demand, extend clout and vulnerability framework, and study competition among multi-product manufacturers in differentiated product market. For our empirical analysis, we adopt choice-based aggregate demand model and estimate consumer demand while accounting for unobserved product characteristics. Once we estimate consumer demand, we compute full price elasticity matrix and investigate intra- and inter- manufacturer substitutions among consumers. This research offers a framework for marketers to analyze and understand market structures, leading them to informed decisions.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.173-188
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 수도권, 부산 경남 및 대구 경북 지역에 거주하는 가구를 대상으로, 가구의 거주지역 및 인적 특성요인이 주거입지 선호에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째로, 가구의 거주지역 및 인적 특성요인이 개별 주거 입지요인의 선호도에 미치는 영향에 대한 다중회귀분석 결과를 통해, 개별 입지요인별로 가구의 거주지역 및 인적 특성에 따라 입지요인의 선호도가 차별적으로 나타나고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째로, 주거 입지요인이 가구의 거주지역 및 인적 특성에 미치는 영향에 대한 이항로짓분석 결과를 통해, 역시 가구의 거주지역 및 인적 특성에 따라 선호하는 입지요인이 차별적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 가구의 거주지역 및 인적 특성과 입지요인은 상호적으로 영향을 미치고 있으며, 각각의 특성에 따라 차별적인 영향을 주고 받는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.343-353
• /
• 2012

Objectives: This aim of this study was to effectively isolate mesenchymal stem cells (hSMSCs) from human submandibular skin tissues (termed hSMSCs) and evaluate their characteristics. These hSMSCs were then chemically induced to the neuronal lineage and analyzed for their neurogenic characteristics in vitro. Materials and Methods: Submandibular skin tissues were harvested from four adult patients and cultured in stem cell media. Isolated hSMSCs were evaluated for their multipotency and other stem cell characteristics. These cells were differentiated into neuronal cells with a chemical induction protocol. During the neuronal induction of hSMSCs, morphological changes and the expression of neuron-specific proteins (by fluorescence-activated cell sorting [FACS]) were evaluated. Results: The hSMSCs showed plate-adherence, fibroblast-like growth, expression of the stem-cell transcription factors Oct 4 and Nanog, and positive staining for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker proteins (CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, and vimentin) and a neural precursor marker (nestin). Moreover, the hSMSCs in this study were successfully differentiated into multiple mesenchymal lineages, including osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Neuron-like cell morphology and various neural markers were highly visible six hours after the neuronal induction of hSMSCs, but their neuron-like characteristics disappeared over time (24-48 hrs). Interestingly, when the chemical induction medium was changed to Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), the differentiated cells returned to their hSMSC morphology, and their cell number increased. These results indicate that chemically induced neuron-like cells should not be considered true nerve cells. Conclusion: Isolated hSMSCs have MSC characteristics and express a neural precursor marker, suggesting that human skin is a source of stem cells. However, the in vitro chemical neuronal induction of hSMSC does not produce long-lasting nerve cells and more studies are required before their use in nerve-tissue transplants.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1303-1314
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study lies in examining the characteristics of differentiated body types for plus-size women and obtaining basic data for the wide-ranging choices of ready-made clothing in a consumer's place. The results of this study displayed no significant differences for subjects in their 30s and 40s in comparison to standards by ages but showed a significant difference with subjects in their 50s when compared with the data from Size Korea (2004). Research data in the height and length categories were lower, and the majority of data from the other categories were higher. In order to analyze the characteristics of a plus-size woman's body, 4 factors were differentiated into 3 types with 17 categories: Factor 1 was the element of the thickness of the trunk, factor 2 was the element of the thickness of the lower body and legs, factor 3 was the element of shoulder size and factor 4 was the element of the upper body length. The accumulation rate was shown to be 74.47%. The characteristics for each type were as follows: Type 1 is a body type with a relatively thin waist, small width and girth of upper body and curvy lower body, type 2 is the average body type, and type 3 is a body type with big breasts and abdominal obesity. The standard body type belonged to type 2. According to the correspondency test between age and type, the characteristics of type 1 corresponded relatively close to the measures of subjects in their 40s and relatively far from subjects in their 30s to 50s while type 2 and type 3 appeared to be similar to subjects in their 50s.

• 복식
• /
• 제61권6호
• /
• pp.131-145
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide preliminary data on strategies to create a domestic prestige brand based on Korean traditional designs. This study also deals with how to promote this brand around the world. The two points mentioned above will be accomplished by examining the characteristics of the brand '3.1 Phillip Lim' which succeeded in both design and marketing during a short period of time. The method of the study will be followed. Firstly, the basic design and philosophical background of Phillip Lim was investigated, after reviewing the global luxury market and current status of overseas expansion of Korean designers through paper study and antecedent workups. Secondly, for the practical stage, design characteristics and marketing strategies were reviewed with the collections of '3.1 Phillip Lim'. Three factors found in '3.1 Phillip Lim's design success are as follows: First, practical and simple designs using fabrics of high quality. Second, handcraft elements and interesting details that differentiates his design identity. Third, femininity expressed in the feminine silhouette and color. The marketing elements that made '3.1 Phillip Lim' as a successful brand are: First, differentiated positioning as a luxurious contemporary brand. Second, brand promotion through various collaborations. Third, the gradual expansion of women's, men's, kids' apparel to accessory, lingerie and the stable flagship stores. Thus, '3.1 Phillip Lim' has combined modern and classic styles using high quality fabrics and practical designs with unique details. Through it's differentiated marketing strategy targeting New York's market, which prefers popular 'luxury contemporary brand's rather than high-end luxury brands, this brand's creativity and commercial aspects contributed to make '3.1 Phillip Lim' into a luxury brand that represents New York fashion. Korean designers who seek to enter the global fashion industry should consider applying Korean traditional designs on global designs to make favorable products and localize these products according to regional characteristics.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2012

This is the time we need differentiated strategy due to consumer's standard of purchasing is becoming more complicated and corporate marketing war is intensely competitive. For a long-term strategy, making competitive corporate image is important because companies have their own competitiveness. In addition, importance of having a relationship with customer is magnified through consumers'direct and indirect experience. "The corporate complex cultural space is designed place for experiential marketing to convey its meaning to consumers." Under above concept, this study analyzed the theory of experiential marketing and conducted a survey which is based on experiential marketing strategic module (SEMs) using the analyzed theory. This study drew expression characteristics of space through case analysis and conducted a survey to have more effective corporate complex cultural space. As a result, the experience in the space enables people to understand of the space through five senses, not consist of simply chucks of sense-date, and this result emphasizes the importance of 'Event' because people tend to escape from restriction for reality to relive stress and have emotional satisfaction. In addition, it shows expression characteristics which provide sympathy as a flexible interaction through symbolical image. The result of the expression characteristics' survey is showed up to improve effect of corporate complex cultural space. This study is analyzing the corporate complex cultural space through experience marketing for the company which wants provide differentiated experience of various space expression methods and catching current position. Also, this study places its significance to give a way to increase space preference and effect of corporate complex cultural space. Based on the result of this study, I hope the future corporate complex cultural space will develop refreshingly.

• 정보학연구
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.87-100
• /
• 2001

IETF는 인터넷에서 IP QU를 지원하기 위하여 통합서비스(Int-Serv) 모델과 차별화된 서비스(Diff-Serv) 모델을 정의하였다. Int-Serv 모델은 IP 플로우별로 상태정보를 이용하기 때문에, 트래픽 특성에 따라 QoS를 만족시킬 수 있지만, 흐름 수가 증가함에 따라 관리하여야 할 흐름 상태 정보의 양이 증가하게 된다. Diff-Serv 모델은 PHP(Per Hop Behaviour)를 사용하며, 지연 및 손실 민감도에 따라 차별화된 트래픽에게 서로 다른 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 잘 정의된 서비스 클래스가 있다. Diff-Serv 모델은 흐름별 상태 및 신호 정보를 가지지 않기 때문에 인터넷에서 다양한 서비스를 제공해 줄 수 있다. MPLS는 라벨에 근간을 둔 패킷 포워딩 기술을 사용하기 때문에, 고성능의 포워딩 엔진을 쉽게 구현할 수 있다. MPLS는 서로 다르고 가변적인 대역폭을 갖는 경로를 구축할 수 있고, 각 경로에 특정 CoS(Class of Service)를 할당해 줄 수 있다. 그러므로 서로 다른 트래픽에게 IETF의 IP QoS 모델중 지연 및 손실 민감도에 따라 서로 다른 서비스를 제공해 줄 수 있는 잘 정의된 클래스의 Diff-Sew 모델을 지원해 줄 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 IP QoS를 제공하기 위하여 Diff-Serv모델을 사용할 수 있는 방안을 제안한다. 그리고 트래픽 클래스에 따라 스케줄링 정책을 적용함으로써 시스템 성능을 분석하였다.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 2005

This study is focused on a space for man in upper classes house that is one of appeared characteristics as Korea, China and Japan imported Confucianism become common cultural base in these countries. Because a space for man in these countries has the same nature represented as a typical space in a upper classes house, and this space is differentiated by regional features, a way of thinking, a way of life and social structure as well, these characteristics are compared one another. Import of Confucianism influenced formation of a upper classes house and the spaces of the house are divided by generation, sexuality and classes. A space for man become a center of the house as well as a space for reception in accordance with patriarchism because this space stands for hierarchy of the house. A space for man of each country, Korea, China and Japan, has differences; that is, Chinese Jeongbang is used as a space for family as well as for guests; Korean Sarangchae is for only men and used as a reception space; Japanese Zasiki is used just for reception. These differences among countries are caused by owner's class, a civil officer or a military officer, and this class differentiated the characteristics of reception for guest. Even though the these countries take the space for man for meeting, Chinese is for family, Korean is for ancestors and Japanese is for guests.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.200-204
• /
• 2002

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative prognosis of two age groups with gastric cancer in order to establish the proper treatment strategy in these groups of patients. Materials and Methods: Among patients with gastric cancer who underwent a gastrectomy between 1990 and 1996 at the Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University, the clinicopathological characteristics, including the postoperative survival, of patients younger than 40-years old were compared with those of patients over 69-years old. Results: During that period 1,125 gastric cancer patients underwent a gastrectomy. Among them, 111 patients ($9.9\%$) were less than 40-years old, and 96 patients ($8.5\%$) were over 69-years old. In the young group, 79 patients ($71.2\%$) had a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 59 patients from the elderly group ($61.5\%$) had a well- or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Curative surgery was performed for 88 ($79.3\%$) patients in the young group and 78 ($81.3\%$) patients in the elderly group. This difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year survival rates between the young and the elderly ($66.3\%\;vs.\;47.2\%$) groups, but the 5-year survival rate of the young group was significantly higher than that of the elderly group after a curative resection ($83.2\%\;vs.\;53.3\%$; P<0.05). Also the 5-year survival rate of the elderly group was significantly higher than that of the young group after a non-curative resection ($20.4\%\;vs.\;4.6\%$; P<0.05). Conclusions: For young patients, more efforts are needed to detect gastric cancer in its early stages so that a curative surgery can be performed. However, for the elderly, surgical treatment is recommended at any stage because of the relatively high survival rate, even after non-curative surgery.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2013

A outdoor space of the brand apartment can improve the quality of the whole environment in apartment and has differentiated identity in apartment housing through various versions of the green space and water space plan. The purpose of this study is to evaluate nature-friendly design characteristics in brand apartments and to offer a basic information for planning of brand apartment. In concrete, nature-friendly design did by green space and water space that can analyze by visual, and investigation contents divided to position, form, user behavior, link space from user viewpoint by case study. This study examined a case of eight brand apartments located in Gangnamgu, Seoul. We has divided the characteristics of a green space into horizontal type, vertical type, multi-dimensional type and has divided the water space into stagnant water type, flowing stream type, waterfall type and fountain type. The findings are summarized as follows: First, in case of the space of brand apartment, the application of horizontal and vertical greenery was lower compare with multi-dimensional green space. The most of items for multi-dimensional greenery have been planned to the open space and promenade. Second, a stagnant water type of water space features well used in most of the cases but a water space of signs of activity like a flowing stream, waterfall, fountain types were underused because of problem of administrative and maintenance expenses. Thirdly, Water space of brand apartments was planned with specialization item by apartment housing but green space does not have differentiated item and was planned by most similar form.