• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.98-107
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• 2006

Chromosomal copy number changes (aneuploidies) are common in human populations. The extra chromosome can affect gene expression by whole-genome level. By gene expression microarray analysis, we want to find aberrant gene expression due to aneuploidies in Klinefelter (+X) and Down syndrome (+21). We have analyzed the inactivation status of X-linked genes in Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) by using X-linked cDNA microarray and cSNP analysis. We analyzed the expression of 190 X-linked genes by cDNA microarray from the lymphocytes of five KS patients and five females (XX) with normal males (XY) controls. cDNA microarray experiments and cSNP analysis showed the differentially expressed genes were similar between KS and XX cases. To analyze the differential gene expressions in Down Syndrome (DS), Amniotic Fluid (AF)cells were collected from 12 pregnancies at $16{\sim}18$ weeks of gestation in DS (n=6) and normal (n=6) subjects. We also analysis AF cells for a DNA microarray system and compared the chip data with two dimensional protein gel analysis of amniotic fluid. Our data may provide the basis for a more systematic identification of biological markers of fetal DS, thus leading to an improved understanding of pathogenesis for fetal DS.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.267-277
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• 2008

Benzene and ethylbenzene (BE), the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are common constituents of cleaning and degreasing agents, paints, pesticides, personal care products, gasoline and solvents. VOCs are evaporated at room temperature and most of them exhibit acute and chronic toxicity to human. Chronic exposure of benzene is responsible for myeloid leukemia and also ethylbenzene is also recognized as a possible carcinogen. To evaluate the BE effect on human, whole human genome 35 K oligonucleotide microarray were screened for the identification of the differential expression profiling. We identified 280 up-regulated and 201 down-regulated genes changed by more than 1.5 fold by BE exposure. Functional analysis was carried out by using DAVID bioinformatics software. Clustering of these differentially expressed genes were associated with immune response, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, toll-like signaling pathway, small cell lung cancer, immune response, apoptosis, p53 signaling pathway and MAPKKK cascade possibly constituting alternative or subordinate pathways of hematotoxicity and immune toxicity. Gene ontology analysis methods including biological process, cellular components, molecular function and KEGG pathway thus provide a fundamental basis of the molecular pathways through BEs exposure in human lymphoma cells. This may provides a valuable information to do further analysis to explore the mechanism of BE induced hematotoxicity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2013

Intercellular interactions are important for the proper development and regulation of tissue function. This is especially necessary in the epididymis, a part of male reproductive tract where sperm become mature and acquire their fertilizing capacity. The caput region of the epididymis consists of several types of cells, including principal, basal, and apical cells. Direct intercellular communication is thus required to precisely regulate the functions of the caput epididymis. In this regard, connexin (Cx) is a molecule that forms channels, which allow the direct exchange of small molecules between cells, enabling intercellular communication. In this study, the expression of Cx isoforms in the caput epididymis at different postnatal ages was determined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Nine of 13 Cx isoforms were detected. The transcript levels of Cx30.3, 31, 31.1, 32, and 40 were highest at 45 days of age, while the expression of Cx43 and 45 gradually decreased with age. A substantial fluctuation of Cx26 expression was detected, with significant decreases before and during puberty, followed by a transient increase at adult-hood and rapid decreases at an old age. A significant increase in Cx37 transcript was observed at 25 days of age, followed by gradual decreases at adult and old ages. These results indicate the significant differential expression of various Cx isoforms in the caput epididymis during postnatal development. It further suggests that the functional regulation and developmental maturation of the caput epididymis are highly related to the postnatal age-related differential expression of Cx isoforms.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2001

Spin is an abundant maternal transcript comprising up to 0.2% of the total mRNA stock in mouse oocyte, whose protein product is associated with the meiotic spindle. We have identified a new isoform of Spin transcript containing a distinct 5'-untranslated region and the N-terminus of encoded protein. Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that the new isoform is expressed in embryos and most of adult tissues, while the previously identified transcript is expressed solely in mouse oocyte. We thus designated these two Spin isoforms as somatic type and oocyte type, respectively. To investigate the underlying mechanism for the differential expression, genomic structure of Spin was examined. Spin exists as multiple copies in the genome, some of which appears to be pseudogenes, and characterization of Spin genomic clones indicates that oocyte- and somatic-isoforms were generated by alternative splicing. The complex organization of Spin genomic locus and its multifaceted control of expression provide a good model to study the molecular mechanisms of elaborate genome usage in mammals.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2008

Differential gene expression profiling was carried out in the hepatic tissue of medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, after exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide (OPP), Iprobenfos (IBP), a widely used pesticide in agri- and fish-culture, using a medaka cDNA micro array. Twenty six kinds of differentially expressed candidate genes, with 15 and 11 induced and repressed in their gene expressions, respectively, were associated with cytoskeleton (3.8%), development (7.7%), immune (7.7%), metabolism (30.8%), nucleic acid/protein binding (42.3%) and reproduction (7.7%). Of these genes, changes at the transcription level of five were re-evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Considering the known function of authentic genes, the effects of IBP on the biological activity and pathological aspects in medaka fish were discussed. The identified genes could be used as molecular biomarkers for biological responses to OPPs contamination in an aquatic environment.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.419-425
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• 2012

The coordinated action of the detrusor muscle cells in the urinary bladder is governed by cell-cell communication through gap junction, consisted of connexin (Cx) molecules. Even though a number of researches have been mostly focused on expressional changes of a few Cx isoforms in clinically dysfunctional condition of the bladder, less attention has been paid for investigation of Cx isoforms present in the bladder. Using real-time PCR analysis, the present study examined Cx isoforms expressing in the male rat bladder during postnatal period. Also, expressional patterns of Cx isoforms were evaluated in the bladder at different postnatal ages. Of a total of 13 Cx isoforms tested in the present study, we were able to detect mRNAs of 6 Cx isoforms in the rat urinary bladder, including Cxs 31, 31.1, 32, 37, 40, and 45. The transcript levels of Cxs 31, 31.1, 37, 40, and 45 were gradually increased from 1 week of age until 25 days of age, followed by transient decreases at 45 days of age. However, abundance of Cx32 transcript was drastically increased at 15 days of age, followed by a sharp drop at 45 days of age. These results indicate that differential expression of Cx isoforms in the bladder during postnatal development would be necessary for maintaining proper function of the bladder. A question remains to be answered if significant decreases of transcript levels of some Cx isoforms at the elderly are associated with age-dependent dysfunction of the bladder.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.76-81
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• 2023

As cultured plant cells can grow in high oxidative stress conditions, they form an excellent system to study antioxidant mechanisms and the mass production of antioxidants. Oxidative stress is a major cause of damage in plants exposed to various types of environmental stress, including heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd). Heavy metal accumulation can interfere with many cell functions and plant growth. To evaluate the contribution of oxidative stress to Cd-induced toxicity, cultured sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Cd (0, 10, 25, and 50 μM) and cultured further. Cell growth was significantly inhibited by 25 and 50 μM of Cd, and the total protein content increased with 50 μM of Cd. Additionally, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), antioxidant enzymes that remove hydrogen peroxide (a reactive oxygen species), increased in the cells after treatment with 50 μM of Cd. The expression analysis of POD, APX, and peroxiredoxin (PRX) isolated from sweetpotato cultured cells in a previous study revealed the differential expression of POD in response to Cd. In this study, the expression levels of several acidic POD (swpa2, swpa3, and swpa4) and basal POD (swpb1, swpb2, and swpb3) genes were increased in Cd-treated cultured cells. These results indicate that Cd-mediated oxidative stress is closely linked to improved POD-mediated antioxidant defense capacity in sweetpotato suspension-cultured cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 1995

Border cells are differentiated cells which originate from meristematic cells in The root cap. Experimentally border cells can be released from the root cap by a physical treatment, for example dipping the root tip in the waters After 20-25 hours of release, the new border cell layer forms in the root cap. During the border cell differentiation, new gene expressions were observed in the root cap of pea which was determined by mRNA differential display These new gene expressions may be involved in the border cell differentiation Border cells had unique gene expressions which were determined by mRNA differential display, This suggests that border cells are differentiated cells which are different from the other tissues (ie., leaves, stems, roots or root caps).

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.559-567
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• 2015

This paper gives the expression of dual quaternions and provides differential operators in dual quaternions. The paper also represents the derivative of dual quaternion-valued functions by using a corresponding Cauchy-Riemann system in dual quaternions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.332-338
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• 2009

Rapid extension of genomic database leads to the remarkable advance of functional genomics. This study proposes a novel methodology of functional analysis using 5-methyltrytophan (5 MT) mutant together with their 2-DE analysis and public microarray database. A total of 24 proteins was changed in 5 MT mutant and four remarkably different expressed proteins were identified. Among them, three spots were converted to Affymetrix probe. A total of 155 microarray samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) in NCBI was retrieved and followed by constructing gene co-expression networks over a broad range of biological issues through Self-Organising Tree Algorithm. Three co-expressing gene clusters were retrieved and each functional categorization with differential expression pattern was exhibited from 5 MT resistance mutant rice. It was indicated new co-expression networks in the mutant. This study suggests that on investigating possibility which correspond 2-DE to microarray database with their full potential.