• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2012

The differential global positioning system (DGPS) transmits a GPS enhancement signal using a top-loaded monopole antenna in the medium frequency range. The top-loaded antenna in the medium frequency band can attain a radiation efficiency on the order of 10%. The antenna ground plane characteristics affect the antenna radiation efficiency. To improve the radiation efficiency, it is necessary to install the antenna on a ground plane with large enough physical dimensions and good conductivity. The antenna radiation efficiency is a primary factor in determining the DGPS service area. The service area of the DGPS using a medium frequency band is dominantly affected by the antenna radiation efficiency. To determine antenna radiation efficiencies accurately, the antenna radiation efficiencies of DGPS are deduced from the propagation power in this paper. Based on the deduced antenna radiation efficiencies, the service area for the Korean nationwide-DGPS is analyzed and evaluated.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.877-879
• /
• 2008

A novel differential dual-frequency antenna using proximity coupling is proposed. Dual bands are realized by a slot in the ground plane. The lower resonant frequency is controlled by the slot in the ground plane, and the upper resonant frequency is mainly determined by the dimensions of the radiating patch. Measured results show that the proposed antenna can operate at 2.51 GHz and 5.38 GHz.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2022

In this paper, the performance of precoding-aided differential spatial modulation (PDSM) systems with optimal transmit antenna subset (TAS) selection is examined analytically. The average bit error rate (ABER) performance of the optimal TAS selection-based PDSM systems using a zero-forcing (ZF) precoder is evaluated using theoretical upper bound and Monte Carlo simulations. Simulation results validate the analysis and demonstrate a performance penalty < 2.6 dB compared with precoding-aided spatial modulation (PSM) with optimal TAS selection. The performance analysis reveals a transmit diversity gain of (N_T-N_R+1) for the ZF-based PDSM (ZF-PDSM) systems that employ TAS selection with N_T transmit antennas, N_S selected transmit antennas, and N_R receive antennas. It is also shown that reducing the number of activated transmit antennas via optimal TAS selection in the ZF-PDSM systems degrades ABER performance. In addition, the impacts of channel estimation errors on the performance of the ZF-PDSM system with TAS selection are evaluated, and the performance of this system is compared with that of ZF-based PSM with TAS selection.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.142-147
• /
• 2023

This paper presents a novel design of a differential patch antenna for 60-GHz millimeter-wave applications. The design process of the back-to-back (BTB) patch antenna is based on the conventional single-patch antenna. The initial design of the BTB patch antenna (Type-I) has a patch size of 0.66 × 0.98 mm² and a substrate size of 0.99 × 1.48 mm². It has a gain of 1.83 dBi and an efficiency of 94.4% with an omni-directional radiation pattern. A 0.4 mm-thick high-resistivity silicon (HRS) is employed for the substrate of the BTB patch antenna. The proposed antenna is further analyzed to investigate the effect of substrate size and resistivity. As the substrate resistivity decreases, the gain and efficiency degrade due to the substrate loss. As the substrate (HRS) size decreases approaching the patch size, the resonant frequency increases with a higher gain and efficiency. The BTB patch antenna has optimal performances when the substrate size matches the patch size on the HRS substrate (Type-II). The antenna is redesigned to have a patch size of 0.81 × 1.18 mm² on the HRS substrate in the same size. It has an efficiency of 94.9% and a gain of 1.97 dBi at the resonant frequency of 60 GHz with an omni-directional radiation pattern. Compared to the initial design of the BTB patch antenna (Type-I), the optimal BTB patch antenna (Type-II) has a slightly higher efficiency and gain with a considerable reduction in antenna area by 34.8%.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.470-473
• /
• 2004

This paper presents conducted emission noise measurement from electronic equipment in frequency range of 1 MHz up to 30 MHz by small loop antenna. Small loop antenna measurement method can measure common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) component of the noise on a pair of power line at the same time. The CM and DM can be measured separately. The theory of this measurement method is introduced and analyzed. The measured results were compared with the conventional measurement by Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) and result a good trend between those methods.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 On-Board Broadband 특성을 갖는 2.4 GHz Inverted-L 안테나를 제안하였다. 안테나는 시스템 보드에 Inverted-L 안테나를 설계하였으며, 공통 모드와 차동 모드를 형성하도록 스터브를 설계하여 안테나의 리액턴스를 조정하여 대역폭을 개선하였다. 시스템 크기는 $80mm{\times}60mm$이고, 안테나 영역은 $30mm{\times}60mm$로 제한하였으며, 기판은 두께가 0.8 mm이고, 유전율이 4.4인 FR4를 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 대역폭은 17.2~24.1 %이고, 이득은 3.01~4.71 dB이며, 방사 패턴은 전방향 특성의 결과를 얻었다. 본 논문의 결과를 적용함으로써 휴대 단말기의 가격경쟁력과 생산효율을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2006

In this paper, the issue of blind detection of Alamouti-type differential space-time (ST) ${\pi}/2$-shifted BPSK modulation in static Rayleigh fading channels is considered. We introduce a novel transformation to the received signal from each receiver antenna such that this binary ST modulation, which has a second-order transmit-diversity, is equivalent to QPSK modulation with second-order receive-diversity. The pre-detection combining of the result of transformation allows us to apply a low complexity detection technique specifically designed for receive-diversity, namely, scalar multiple-symbol differential detection (MSDD). With receiver complexity proportional to the observation window length, our receiver can achieve the performance 1.5dB better than that of conventional differential detection ST and 0.5dB worse than that qf a coherent maximum ratio combining receiver (with differential decoding) approximately.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.74-76
• /
• 2009

A new feeding method for the circular polarization (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed in this letter. Two orthogonal modes (${TE^x}_{{\delta}11}$, ${TE^y}_{1{\delta}1$) of the rectangular DRA are excited by a $90^{\circ}$ phase difference of the differential and common modes currents of the proposed feeding structure. To demonstrate the good CP performance of the proposed method, a right-hand CP DRA for a global positioning system was designed. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna for $S_{11}$ < -10 dB and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are about 5.4% and 1.95% at 1.57 GHz, respectively.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 2009

보은과 괴산에 위치한 GNSS상시관측소의 GNSS관측자료와 경사계자료를 이용하여, 1시간과 3시간 동안의 GNSS 차분벡터의 변위와 시간에 따른 차분 경사 벡터의 변위를 계산했다. 그리고, 시간에 따른 두 변위 사이의 관련성을 얻었다. 이렇게 계산된 관련성은 ‘높음‘보다는 낮았다. 그러나, 일사량의 일변화는 일어남이 확실하고, 측정 결과 안테나탑의 경사 변위 때문에 안테나 위상중심 위치의 회전 운동이 존재함이 확실하므로, 우리는 DGNSS에 있어서 보정 오차를 방송할 때와 가상기준국체계(VRS)에 있어서 상시관측소에서 측정된 자료를 방송할 때에 안테나 위상중심 위치의 일변화를 고려할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.985-991
• /
• 2008

본 논문은 차동과 공통 모드로 동작하는 메타 재질 구조를 바탕으로 평형 믹서 수신기를 제안한 것이다. 이 메타 재질 구조는 리키 웨이브 안테나로 동작하며, 순수 공통 모드는 억압한다. 이러한 특성은 낮은 LO 누설전력과 높은 RF-LO 고립도를 갖고 있어 LO과 RF 경로에 추가적인 여파기가 필요로 하지 않는다. 이 메타 재질은 차동 모드 동작에서는 Composite Right/Left-Handed(CRLH) 메타 재질처럼 동작하고, 공통 모드에서는 차단되는 성질을 갖는 단위 셀을 기초로 설계하였다. 제안된 메타 재질의 차동과 공통 모드 특성은 실험 결과를 통하여 증명하였다. 메타 재질을 이용한 수신기는 $1.96{\sim}2.40$ GHz의 주파수 범위에서 동작하는 안테나와 평형 믹서를 집적화시켜 제작하였고, 2.4 GHz에서 21.1 dB의 믹서의 변환 손실을 얻었다.