• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.333-351
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• 2018

In the present paper, the behavior of the Karaj double curvature arch dam is studied focusing on the effects of structural nonlinearity on the responses of the dam body when an underwater explosion occurred in the reservoir medium. The explosive sources are located at different distances from the dam and the effects of the cavitation and the initial shock wave of the explosion are considered. Different amount of TNT are considered. Two different linear and nonlinear behavior are assumed in the analysis and the dam body is assumed with and without contraction joints. Radial, tangential and vertical displacements of the dam crest are obtained. Moreover, maximum and minimum principal stress distributions are plotted. Based on the results, the dam body responses are sensitive to the insertion of joints and constitutive model considered for the dam body.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical analysis of the link that exists between microfinance and poverty alleviation. The analysis is driven by literature searches on empirical works done by different researchers in different contexts. Qualitative research methodology was adopted, following a desktop approach. An empirical literature review took a centre stage in this investigation. An analysis of empirical works shows that microfinance enhances poverty alleviation despite the challenges such as the Indian Andhra Pradesh crisis. The paper is limited to a review of empirical sources of literature. A field survey, supported by an econometric analysis would have helped to generate robust results. This paper attempts to bring together the empirical works that were done in different contexts to shed light on the important relationship between microfinance and poverty. Many research works on microfinance depend upon personal anecdotes, thus this present paper attempts to compile the scattered empirical findings on microfinance and poverty alleviation.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.295-307
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• 2005

The paper describes the work of the IAWE Working Group WBG - Reliability and Code Level, one of the International Codification Working Groups set up at ICWE10 in Copenhagen. The following topics are covered: sources of uncertainties in the design wind load, appropriate design target values for the exceedance probability of the design wind load for different structural classes with different consequences of a failure, yearly exceedance probability of the design wind speed and specification of the design aerodynamic coefficient for different design purposes. The recommendations from the working group are summarized at the end of the paper.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.854-861
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• 2008

Heat transfer characteristics of protruding electronic components in a horizontal channel are studied numerically. The system consists of two horizontal channels formed by two covers and one printed circuit board which has three uniform protruding heat source blocks. A two-dimensional numerical model has been developed to predict the conjugate heat transfer. and the finite volume method is used to solve the problem. Five different cooling methods are considered to examine the heat transfer characteristics of electronic components according to the different cooling methods. The velocity and temperature of cooling medium and the temperature of the heat source blocks are obtained. The results of the five different cooling methods are compared to find out the most efficient cooling method in a given geometry and heat sources.

• ALGAE
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2003

Species composition, community structure and biodiversity of marine benthic community were studied in the rocky shore of Dongbaekseom, Busan. A total of 82 species of marine algae including 4 Cyanophyta, 11 Chlorophyta, 20 Phaeophyta and 47 Rhodophyta are listed. The dominant algal species were Ulva pertusa, Chondria crassicaulis, Corallina spp. and Melobesioidean algae. Sargassum thunbergii, Chondracanthus intermedia, Gelidium divaricatum and Ralfsia verrucosa were subdominant in cases of different seasons and vertical layers. Chthamalus challengeri, Littorina brevicula and Mytilus edulis were dominant zoobenthic species upper-middle layer of the intertidal zone. The community structure of this area seemed to be controlled by spatial competition with benthic marine algae. The species diversity indices estimated from different sources were quite different. Indices from coverage were 1.87, 3.98 from frequency, 2.26 from the average of total frequency and coverage and 2.15 from importance value. The similarity indices on the present study showed decreasing trends comparing to the previous benthic algal composition researches.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.188-193
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• 2005

Twenty nine samples of pigeon droppings (n = 12) and soil contaminated with avian excreta (n = 19), collected from different sites in Busan, were examined for isolation and characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans. Of these samples, 5 strains of C. neoformans were recovered from pigeon droppings (5/12 : 41.7%). All isolates were belonged to C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A). The extracellular enzyme activities of the strains by using the API-ZYM system showed two different enzymatic patterns. The genetic variability among C. neoformans isolates was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using three 10-mer primers. Two different RAPD patterns, which clearly distinguished the isolates, were identified. Analysis of RAPD patterns provided a good characterization of environmental strains of C. neoformans serotype A as a heterogeneous group and were in good agreement with enzymatic profiles.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1745-1747
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• 2002

This paper describes the effect of secondary surges entering low voltage side on the primary winding of pole transformers. After having connected the secondary winding by 4 different methods, surge voltages were applied to the low voltage side, and voltage waveforms were measured at a surge applied point and a high voltage bushing terminal. The measured voltages were compared by the waveform, magnitude and damping characteristics with each connection. As a result, the voltage waveforms induced by the secondary surges were different one another with each connection, especially, the conventional connecting method for 2 voltage sources was far different from the present method supplying only 1 voltage source in shape of the voltage waveform.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.20
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• pp.115-135
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• 2007

This study explored how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relates to achieving creativity at project work. We were interested in differences in how motivational factors relate to creativity. Using data from the 98 engineers and researchers employed by a variety of companies, principal components factor analysis with marimax rotation was performed on the data. We examined effects of the moderate variables the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and creativity relationship. The results indicate of positive mental involvement, the time and the resource constraints relates positively to creativity in organizations and that the relationship is a simple linear one. These outcomes are significantly related to intrinsic motivation and the creativity. In additions, extrinsic motivation is related to less the creativity. Our survey findings are also consistent with other sources of knowledge on the topic. Our results suggest that there are two different role: mental involvement, time and resources constraints, both of which predict creativity, and external control and extrinsic motivations reduce to creativity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1481-1484
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• 2006

In this study, glucose and glutamate (copiotrophic conditions) were used to enrich electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The enriched population consisted primarily of ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria (36.5%), followed by Firmicutes (27%) and O-Proteobacteria (15%). Accordingly, we compared our own enrichments done under many different conditions with those reported from the literature, all of which support the notion that electrochemically active bacteria are taxonomically very diverse. Enrichments with different types and levels of energy sources (fuels) have clearly yielded many different groups of bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1399-1412
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• 2016

We compare many normality tests consisting of different sources of information extracted from the given data: Anderson-Darling test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Cramervon Mises test, Shapiro-Wilk test, Shaprio-Francia test, Lilliefors, Jarque-Bera test, D'Agostino' D, Doornik-Hansen test, Energy test and Martinzez-Iglewicz test. For the purpose of comparison, those tests are applied to the various types of data generated from skewed distribution, unsymmetric distribution, and distribution with different length of support. We then summarize comparison results in terms of two things: type I error control and power. The selection of the best test depends on the shape of the distribution of the data, implying that there is no test which is the most powerful for all distributions.