• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.123-136
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to investigate the gender difference of relationship between psycho-social factors ana smoking, drinking in adolescents. Method: The stratified cluster sample consisted of 925 adolescents. Data were collected from May to March 2002. The instruments used in this study were Perceived Stress, DES-D, Social Support and Self-Esteem. Results: The results showed that female had more perceived stress, depressed than male. Male had more social support network, smoke than female. Male who smoked cigarettes were more perceived stress, depressed than those who did not smoke. Female who smoked cigarettes were more social support network, and had less self-esteem than those who did not smoke. Also male who drank alcohol were more perceived stress, depressed than those who did not drank. Female who drank alcohol were perceived stress, depressed, social support network, and had less self-esteem than those who did not drank. Conclusion: It is hoped that much more research on gender difference in adolescents who smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol will be implemented in the future. In addition, it is suggested the application of various interventions to deal with drinking and smoking behavior among female and male adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.912-922
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supportive nursing on stress reaction of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test design was used for this experimental study. The subjects were 32 patients who were receiving chemotherapy after mastectomies at K hospital in Taegu from June, 1994 to June 1995. Among 32 subjects, 16 were placed in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. The experimental and control groups were tested for general characteristics, trait anxiety, health locus of control, family support, state anxiety, hopelessness, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. Collected data was analized by means of a chisquare test and a t-test for the comparative analysis of the general characteristics and homogeneity of subjects. ANOVA, and MANOVA were used for testing the hypothesis. Reliability of the tools were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The hypothesis : The stress reaction of the experimental group which took supportive nursing was lower than the stress reaction of the control group : this was supported statistically. The main variable influenced in stress reaction was hopelessness. Supportive nursing for breast cancer patients, who are receiving chemotherapy, was especially effective in the reduction of hopelessness compared to state anxiety, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. 2. An analysis of the difference on stress reaction, according to the frequency of supportive nursing between the control and experimental group, showed the level of hopelessness of the experimental group was lower than the control group after four supportive meeting sessions. But there was no statistical difference in state anxiety, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. In conclusion, this study supported utilization of supportive care as well as demonstrating the effectiveness of the System-Developmental Stress Model developed by Chrisman and Riehl-Sisca.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1541-1550
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• 1997

Since the ceramic/metal joint material is made at a high temperature, the residual stress develops when it is cooled from bonding temperature to room temperature due to remarkable difference of thermal expansion coefficient between ceramic and metal. As residual stress at ceramic/metal joints influences the strength of joints, it is important to estimate residual stress quantitatively. In this study, it is attempted to estimate joint residual stress of Si$_3$N$_4$STS304 joints quantitatively and to compare the strength of joints. The difference of residual stress is measured when repeated thermal cycl is loaded, under the conditions of the practical use of the ceramic/metal joint. The residual stress increases at 1 cycle of thermal load but decreases in 3 cycles to 10 cycles of thermal load. And 4-point bending test is performed to examine the influence of residual stress on fracture strength. As a result, it is known that the stress of joint decreases as the number of thermal cycle increases.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.2 s.86
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• pp.13-21
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• 2007

This study investigates the effect of related variables (types of job, term of employment, working time, job satisfaction, payment satisfaction and, working stress) on the sense of hopelessness felt by married males. The study was conducted on 237 male employees residing in Busan, and measurement devices for study were job-related variables, working stress and hopelessness scale. The study used SPSS 12.0 program to analyze data, and conducted item analysis and reliability test for measure establishment. Average, Standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, scheffe-test, Pearson correlation, and path analysis through regression analysis were conducted pertaining to research subject. The result of this study is as follows; First, working stress has significant difference upon types or working, term of employment and job satisfaction. Office workers relatively have longer term of employment and workers who are less satisfied with job suffer from more working stress. Second, hopelessness has significant difference upon term of employment, job satisfaction and payment satisfaction among job-related variables. Thus, hopelessness is relatively less when term of employment is shorter and job satisfaction and payment satisfaction is higher. Third, variables which affect directly to working stress and hopelessness are term of employment $(\beta=.245)$, payment satisfaction $(\beta=-.182)$ and working stress $(\beta=.189)$, and types of job, term of employment and job satisfaction influences hopelessness indirectly through working stress. In conclusion, workers are more negative when term of employment is longer, payment satisfaction is less and working stress is higher. Moreover, longer term of employment and less job satisfaction contribute to higher working stress and eventually influence hopelessness. Term of employment affects the most to hopelessness $(\beta=.274)$, and it is followed by working stress $(\beta=.189)$ and payment satisfaction $(\beta=-.182)$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.30-37
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• 1997

This paper deals with the residual stress of carburized spur gears is calculated being on the assumption that the main cause of residual stress is the volume difference between case and core due to the martensitic transformation in cooling. A formula is proposed to estimated the residual stress from the hardness and the amount of retained austenite. The estimated residual stress is close to the stress measured by X-ray method. The estimated residual stress is applied to the analysis of the fracture mechanics of carburized spur gear teeth. The stress intensity factor due to the residual stress is demonstrated. The stress intensity factor is computed by the influence function method, and it is shown that the factor is decreased by the residual stress in Carburized gear tooth.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.241-251
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to identify the difference of stress amount depending on the characteristics of hospital workers and job-stress's influence on the stress-measurement fields. For this purpose, the study surveyed 475 workers in 9 hospitals (2 general hospitals and 7hospitals) in Busan and empirically analyzed the data collected from them. In terms of theory and practice, the result of this study suggests as follows: First, there is significant difference in the stress amount depending on worker'scharacteristics.Second, the stress-measurement field with the largest influence on the job-stress is the job requirement, and the lowest field is the hospital culture. Third, at comparing the job stress amount with those of average Koreans, the stress-requirement field occupies the upper 50% zone for male, and the job-instability forfemale. As the result of this study, it is recognized that the structure management of medical institutions must consider the different stress factors according to the workers characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.6
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• pp.462-474
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the stress experienced by pre-service chemistry teachers during their teaching practice. To do this, a stress test tool for pre-service science teachers was developed, and a survey was conducted with 19 pre-service chemistry teachers to investigate their anticipated stress before the practice and the stress experienced after the practice. The survey, conducted online before and after the teaching practice, was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The interpretation of the stress test results for pre-service chemistry teachers was based on teaching portfolios and interview data compiled during the teaching practice. The research findings are as follows: First, pre-service chemistry teachers anticipated various stresses before the teaching practice, but the number of stress factors and the number of pre-service teachers experiencing stress were generally lower during the practice. Second, there are a difference in the factors and percentage of anticipated and experienced stress before and during the teaching practice depending on the school level where pre-service chemistry teachers gained their practice. Third, there was no gender difference in the stress experienced by pre-service chemistry teachers during the teaching practice.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.49-60
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• 2002

This study focused on family stresses and coping strategies among commuting couples. The participants of this study consisted of a national samples of 134 couples(268 individuals), who had been commuting for at least six months. The major findings obtained from the study are summarized in the following: First, the degree of family stresses among commuting couples was 2.98, when the maximal stress value was set to 5.0. No difference in the level of stress was detected from the roles of the wife and those of the husband. The most stressful aspect for the commuting couples came from the role of parents who care for their children. The second stressful aspect was their responsibility for their own parents, and finally the stress from the housework and maintenance of their marital lives followed next. There was no difference between the wives and husbands on the stressors. Secondly, the level of the coping strategies developed by the commuting couples themselves against their stresses was 3.37, when the maximal stress coping value was set to 5.0. Again, there was no difference in this level between wives and husbands. Among the strategies, they used ‘cognitive restructuring’the most frequently; sharing their responsibilities with other members in family life came next; and developing their own techniques to manage their stresses followed. Thirdly, the ages of the couple, the age of the first child, type of jobs, duration of the marriage and commute, and frequency of meeting affected the level of family stress among commuting couples. Finally, commuting couples developed quite different strategies to cope with their family stresses, and religion and family type affected significantly the type of coping strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 1997

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Na, K intake and stress level on the blood pressure and urinary excretion of Na, K in the third grade lacto-ovo vegetable male high school students. Twenty-one lacto-ovo vegetarian male high school students were selected, and their physical state, stress level, dietary intake and urinary excretion of Na, K were measured followed by examining the relationship among these factors and blood pressure. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1. The average age of the subjects was 17.7 years, and the average score of BMI was 20.4. The average score of Rohrer and blood pressure were 119.1, 112.3/7.5mmHg, each. All of these were in a normal range. Daily calorie intake was 2676.8kcal and Na, K intakes were 152.76mEq, respectively. 2. 71.4% of subjects were susceptible to the disease associated with stress, although there was no significant difference among the salt level, stress and blood pressure. 3. There was significant difference between dietary Na intake ratio, urinary Na excretion and urinary K excretion rate (p<0.001). 4. There was significant difference between systolic blood pressure and BMI/Rohrer score(p<0.01).

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 2003

This study, investigated the characteristics of residual stress in weldis composed of similar or dissimilar steels, are investigated byusing 3three-dimensional thermal elasto-plastic FEM analysis. The results showed that for the groove welding of the similar steels, increasedthetensile strength of the steels (POSTEN60