• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.917-928
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to investigate the hairdo attitude and hairdo involvement importances and differences depending on age. For the experimental work, questionnaires for research are prepared and asked to people who are women living in Seoul and Kyoung-Ki Do. They are collected from September to October 2006. 406 questionnaires are used in the analysis. The collected data were 'analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 software with factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, paired T-test, and T-test. The results of this study were as follows; To analyze differences in the hairdo attitude and the hair involvement depending on different age groups, two groups were identified: one group of women aged $20{\sim}35$, and the other group of those aged $45{\sim}60$. 1. When the hairdo attitude factors were prioritized, orientations toward 'constancy' and 'consciousness of others' were found to be most critical, followed by those toward 'leader's fashion conformity' and 'distinct individuality'. When the hairdo involvement factors were prioritized, 'interests and pleasure in hairdo' were found to be most important, followed by 'symbolic representation', 'risk awareness', 'coordination of hairdo', and 'fashionableness'. 2. When difference in the hairdo attitude was analyzed, a significant difference was shown in orientations toward 'leader's fashion conformity' and 'consciousness of others'. 3. As for the hairdo involvement of the groups, a significant difference was found only in 'coordination of hairdo', signalling that the younger women put more focus on the coordination.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2001

This study was to investigate difference across socioeconomic groups in factors of purchase intention of apparel in internet shopping mall and in satisfaction were internet shopping mall. A questionnaire was administered to collage students majoring in fashion design during May of 2001. Data was analyzed by using Factor analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, ${\chi}^2$-test. Factor analysis yield three factors of purchase intention, purchase stimulus, convenience and economic and rationality. Significant differences were found across levels of monthly pocket money and types of payment for purchase apparel of internet shopping mall purchase stimulus (factor 1). In convenience and economics (factor 2), differences were also significant across levels of purchase frequency, product price and payment ways of internet sopping mall. Significant difference was identified across sex type and levels of product price purchased in internet shopping mall (factor 3). Regarding internet shopping mall satisfaction, differences were significant across levels monthly pocket money and apparel purchase frequency of in internet shopping mall.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2018

Exports play an important role in Korea's economy and industry. Korea's share in world trade is also increasing. Governments and trade organizations are making great efforts to promote exports. However, since SMEs lack resources of enterprises, SMEs have a lot of difficulties in increasing exports compared to large enterprises. For this reason, in this study, we analyzed the difference of perception of export difficulties according to characteristics of small and medium export companies. As a result, four factors such as overseas market information, price and cost, competitiveness and regulation of importing country were derived. In addition, we investigated the differences in recognition of export difficulties by the stage of growth of company, period of export, products exported, export department, size of company. There was a significant difference in recognition. Especially, The companies which are the early stages of growth, short export period, finished product, the smaller the size of exports companies are more difficult in export difficulties.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.241-253
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• 2019

This study presents the standards for desirable local transfer of public affairs by analyzing the perceptions of experts in the academia and research institutes, as well as public officials in the environmental sector in charge of environmental affairs. The results of this study tend to be partially consistent with the results of previous studies that there is a difference in perception among respondents depending on the affiliation of experts and public officials. Among the policy tasks, there was a statistically significant difference among the respondents in perception of responsible agent for carrying out sustainable land planning and management. Regarding general environmental affairs, there was a statistically significant difference among pubic officials in different affiliations in perception of responsible executive agent for natural environment, living environment, and resource circulation.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present specific criteria for setting goals for hand rehabilitation by comparing the degree of difference in grip force, coordination, and dexterity between the dominant and non-dominant hand according to gender. Methods: We recruited 100 healthy adults in their 20s and 30s. A handheld digital dynamometer was used to evaluate the grip force of each of the dominant and non-dominant hand, a chopsticks manipulation test was used to evaluate coordination, and the Purdue Pegboard test was used to evaluate agility. Results: In all subjects, the grip force, coordination, and dexterity showed statistically significant difference (p <0.01) between the dominant and non-dominant hand. In the comparison according to gender, both male and female dominant and non-dominant hands showed statistically significant differences in grip force, coordination, and dexterity (p <0.01). In the comparison according to grip force, there was a statistically significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hand, and men showed stronger result values in both hands compared to women (p <0.01). In the comparison according to coordination, there was no statistically significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hand in men and women (p >0.05). In the comparison according to dexterity, there was a statistically significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hand, and women were shown to be faster in performance time with both hands, compared to men (p <0.01). Conclusion: Differences according to gender exist in grip force and dexterity but not coordination, and differences between dominant and non-dominant hand exists across all measurements. The results suggest setting a recovery goal according to dominance and gender during rehabilitation of hand function.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.586-595
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• 2016

The difference of generation is the main cause of society transition. If we know about the gap of generations, then we know where we go in future. This study focus on the differences of a regulation recognition among the generations. When we understand the differences of regulation recognition among the generations, we can realize the trait of regulation in society. In result, there are a lot of differences of regulation recognition among the generations. The older they are, the more they are positive to regulation. And the younger they are, the more they are negative to regulation. In particular, 50's generation have the opposite regulation recognition to 20's generation in specialty of regulation and in a conglomerate regulation.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.395-406
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identity the differences of creativity according to levels of attentional abilities in young children. The participants of this study were 204 5-year-old children from the kindergarten or daycare center in Busan. The tests was conducted by using ANT and TTCT for young children. The study used two independent t-tests to find out the differences of creativity between high and low young children of degrees of alertness, orientation and executive control. The results of the study are as follows; first, there was a significant difference in creativity, abstractness of titles, and elaboration between high and low young children of varying degrees of alertness. Second, there was not a significant difference in creativity between high and low young children of orientation. Third, there was a significant difference in creativity; fluency, originality, elaboration and resistance to premature closure between high and low young children of the executive control. Therefore, there was a close relation between attentional control abilities, especially the executive control and creativity of young children.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.109-123
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in the deluxe hotels'service quality in Korea according to the region and the brand. The subjects of this survey for the empirical analysis are limited to the customers of deluxe hotels in Korea: data(1,054 samples) are collected from 16 deluxe hotels among 27 of its kind in Seoul, Pusan, Cheju and Kyongju areas. The results are as follows. First, the hotel service quality between the hotels in Seoul and in provinces makes little difference. Second, the service quality in the Seoul, Pusan, Cheju and Kyongju areas shows significant difference. Third, there is also a significant difference on the service quality between domestic hotel brand and foreign-chained hotel brand.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

Purpose - The objective of this study is to verify whether there are differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in the importance of the attributes such as shopping value and loyalty in social commerce. With the purpose of finding out these differences, the following questions are set up as research questions. First, will there be a difference between Korea and China in the importance of attributes of social commerce? Second, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value? Third, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in their loyalty? Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected data through self-administered questionnaires from Korean and Chinese consumers who had used social commerce within the past six months before answering the questionnaire. First, for social commerce users in Korea, comprising male and female university students in Chungcheong, a questionnaire was circulated. For social commerce users in China, university students within Beijing were surveyed. Responses to 336 questionnaires were used, excluding those with no answers or unreliable answers. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used. First, exploratory factor analysis is done to verify the validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify credibility. For factor analysis, the Varimax method is used. To verify the internal consistency reliability of each factor, the Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify the credibility. Second, a T-test is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers for the importance of attributes. Third, ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value and loyalty. Results - When Korean and Chinese consumers use social commerce, first, the importance of the attributes of social commerce is affected by four factors; playfulness and economic factors are more important to Korean consumers than Chinese consumers. As for informativeness factors, including product information and quality, and buyer comments, there was no confirmed difference between Korean and Chinese consumers. The convenience factor is more important to Chinese consumers than Korean consumers. Second, the factors affecting shopping value for Korean and Chinese consumers were hedonic shopping value and rational shopping value. To see the difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value factors, a t-test is conducted. As a result, in the rational shopping value factors of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than did Chinese consumers. These results were verified to be meaningful through statistics. In the hedonic shopping value factor of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than Chinese consumers. These results showed a significant difference. Third, loyalty in social commerce is higher for Chinese consumers than for Korean consumers. However, there is no difference in loyalty depending on sex. Conclusions - These results will hopefully be valuable and used in the future by Korean companies that wish to enter the Chinese social commerce market.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

This research analyzes on the factors and difference of the management performance in general hospital. In details, we provide that personnel expenses, materials costs and administrative expenses have impact on management performance in general hospital and these factors have differences by region and sickbed size. The meaningful results of this study as follow. In the first, personnel expenses ratio influence management performance but materials costs ratio and administrative expenses ratio are only partially impact for the management performance. Secondly, in the management performance by region, there are no significant differences between the two groups of the big city and small and medium-sized cities. In personnel expenses ratio, materials costs ratio and administrative expenses ratio, The materials costs ratio is significant difference but ersonne expenses ratio and administrative expenses ratio have no significant difference. Finally, there's no significant difference between the hospital size and management performance. But this study provide that there is partially a difference between personnel expenses ratio, materials costs ratio and administrative expenses ratio and the hospital size.