• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.389-398
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• 2010

Effects of various concentration of yuzu Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka in the diets on growth, blood chemistry and disease resistance of olive flounder were determined. Fifteen hundred fish averaging 200~270g were fed on moist pellet containing yuzu at the concentrations of 0%(control), 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% for 3 months. After feeding trial, weight gain of fish fed 2.5% and 5.0% yuza diet was higher than those of fish fed 0% and 7.5% yuza diet but not significant(P>0.05). No differences in hematological and physiological indices of olive flounder were found among the experimental diets except for total cholesterol. Serum lysozyme activity was not significantly different among fish fed experimental diets but bactericidal activity of fish fed 7.5% yuza diet was significantly different from those of fish fed 0, 2.5 and 5% Yuza diets. Survival rates of fish fed 2.5% yuza diet at experimental infection with Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus sp. were higher than those of the other experimental groups but not significant. In conclusion, Dietary inclusion of 2.5~5% yuzu seems to have positive effects for fish health condition and disease resistance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.625-638
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship of dietary factors to blood pressure in 5th and 6th grade school children. Salt threshold, salt preference and nutrition knowlege about blood pressure were tested. Twenty-four hour urines were collected for the measurements of the volume and concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and urea nitrogen. 1) Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of elementary school children were 106.8/67.6mmHg in males and 108.7/69.5mmHg in females. Seven children(4%) of total subjects were found to be hypertensive. Their mean blood pressure was 130.0/86.4mmHg. 2) Urinary excretions of creatinine and urea nitrogen during twenty-four hours were 621.1mg and 1524mg, respectively. The mean daily urinary sodium excretion was 2940mg, which is equivalent to 7.37g NaCl. 3) The daily urinary excretions of other minerals were as follows; potassium was 1301mg, chloride, 4991mg, calcium, 55.7mg and phosphorus, 700.03mg. 4) Salt preference of hypertensive children90.473$\pm$0.275) was significantly higher than those of normotensive children(0.473$\pm$0.213%), but salt threshold was lower in hypertensives(0.105$\pm$0.04%) than normotensives(0.081$\pm$0.022%) (p<0.05). INdices for assessing obesity, such as body weight, triceps skinfold, weight for heigth and body surface area, were high in hypertensive children than normotensive children(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in energy and nutrient intakes between two groups. 5) Various anthropometric measurements had positive correlations with blood pressure, but body muscle mass(%) had a negative correlation with blood pressure. And daily energy and nutrient intakes were not related to blood pressure. 6) Blood pressures-both systolic and diastolic-were significantly correlated with urinary excretions of potassium and chloride. Daily sodium excretion was related to systolic blood pressure, but no related to diastolci blood pressure. There was no relationship of salt threshold to salt preference, and neither threshold nor preference was related to blood pressure. Results of this study suggest that nutrition education program for children including the information about desirable food habits for the prevention of hypertension should be developed.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.22
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Pod-edible bean or snap bean is a fairly new crop to domestic farmers but the national demand is steadily increasing in recent years along with the development of western food business and change in dietary patterns. At the same time, much efforts are being made to export it to foreign country, mainly to Japan. The amount of seeds introduced from outside is also continuously increasing along with the enlargement of area planted for the crop. Hybridization breeding for the crop has already been started to supply the cheaper and better seeds which will reduce the seed costs and foster the higher income to the farmers. In this experiment, several technologies related with the production of quality seeds are preliminary investigated. Some of the results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Highly significant interaction was recognized between planting dates and no. of pods per plant and no. of branches but no interaction between planting dates and plant height and no. of nodes on main stem. Days to maturity was proportionally reduced to later planting dates. 2. Rate of viviparous pods and seeds was gradually increased in later planting dates but rate of germination was increased in earlier planting dates with lower germination rate in white seed coat grains than in colored seed ones. 3. Seed yield was higher in the earlier planting dates with a great deal of varietal difference. Early to mid April was considered to he the optimum planting dates for snap bean in Kyungbuk area. High correlation was recognized between seed yield and no. of pods per plant, no. of seeds per plant, and 100 seed weight. 4. Days to flowering was three and seven days longer in Cheongsong, high mountainous area than in Kunwi, somewhat prairie lowland. One hundred seed weight was also higher in Cheongsong than in Kunwi. Rate of viviparous grains, pods, and decayed seeds was higher in Cheongsong but, at the same time, the rate of germination and seed yield was also higher in Cheongsong. 5. One hundred seed weight of KLG5007 increased continuously up to 35days after flowering and decreased thereafter but that of KLG50027 increased to 40days after flowering and slowly reduced thereafter. The content of crude oil reached to maximum at 40 days after flowering and reduced thereafter. The rate of germination in Gangnangkong 1 was the highest, 89.3%, at 35 days after flowering and reduced thereafter while that in KLG50027 reached to maximum, 70.7%. at 40days after flowering and reduced thereafter. Thus, the optimum harvesting time for snap bean was considered to be 35~40days after flowering. 6. The snap bean pods at yellow bean stage easily became viviparous ones under saturated moisture conditions for 24 hours at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest pods somewhat earlier than yellow-bean stage and let them do post maturing, especially when it is to be rained.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.105-124
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• 2017

This study aimed at developing an educational program for South Korean adolescents on North Korean family living culture so that the students become familiar with the values and everyday lifestyles of North Korea. Understanding of North Korean culture is considered important as a foundation for social integration in prospect of future reunification. The contents of the program were developed based on the analysis of North Korean defectors' interviews and review of the literature and media reports on North Korean family culture. The program consists of 12 units of 40-minute sessions with the following topics: economy and consumption, leisure activities, family relationships, dating and spouse choices, fashion changes, clothing acquisition and care, food choices and local diets, dietary problems, housing, and neighborhood. The program was implemented between December 21 and 30, 2015 in a middle school located in Seoul. This program is expected to be useful in preparing the students as future leaders to create harmonious family living culture in the reunified Korea.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2021

Background According to the Sasang constitutional medicine, eating habits according to the characteristics of Sasang Constitution (SC) types affect management of chronic diseases and health conditions. The aim of this study is to identify the association between eating habits, such as breakfast, eating frequency, and energy intake, according to SC, and quality of life. Method This study is a cross-sectional study of people aged 33 to 55 years, sampled by stratification based on population distribution. The SC types were classified into Taeeumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), and Soyangin (SY) using a structured questionnaire (KS-15). Items examined regarding eating habits were whether the subjects had breakfast; the frequency of eating such as breakfast, lunch, dinner, and after-dinner snacks; and energy intake surveyed using a food frequency questionnaire. As for quality of life, SF-12, which is widely used worldwide to assess health conditions, was utilized. A regression analysis was conducted on the relations between eating habits according to SC and quality of life. Results The SC distribution of the 3,895 subjects was 47% for TE, 22% for SE, and 31% for SY. The scores indicating quality of life differed for TE and SY depending on whether they ate breakfast and eating frequency groups, and those of SE varied depending on levels of energy intake. A regression analysis having adjusted all covariates demonstrated for TE a positive relation between the eating frequency of three times per day or more (compared to 1.5 to 3 meals per day) and quality of life (B=1.365, p<0.001). For SE, there was a negative association between low energy intake (compared to adequate energy intake) and quality of life (B=-1.642, p=0.004). Meanwhile, no relation was found between eating habits and quality of life for SY. Conclusion This study identified the association between eating habits according to SC types and quality of life. For TE, it was found to be important to eat evenly dispersed adequate amounts as opposed to overeating or binging at once. For SE, adequate energy intake affected good quality of life. This study suggests that eating habits based on SC improve quality of life, and health management customized for each constitution should be performed in the future through proper eating habits.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2019

This study examined the effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I expression in the liver and muscle on the growth of Paralichthys olivaceus fed diets low in fish meal. A feeding experiment was conducted at Jeju National University, Jeju Island, Korea. Groups of P. olivaceus (total initial weight: 200 g) were maintained for 20 weeks on one of five experimental diets containing different proportions of fish meal. Diets containing 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% fish meal were labeled FM0, FM20, FM30, FM40, and FM50, respectively. Fish growth was observed every 4 weeks during the feeding experiment, and plasma and liver and muscle tissues were sampled. Plasma IGF-I levels were analyzed using an ELISA kit. The mechanism of IGF-I receptor signaling was examined using immunoblotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The greatest total weight increase was observed in the FM30 group. In parallel, plasma levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein were highest in the FM30 group, and mRNA and protein expression were also significantly higher in this group. The first step in the IGF-I signaling pathway, tyrosine-phosphorylation checking, occurred smoothly until 20 weeks. These results suggest that a dietary ratio of 30% fish meal best promotes growth in this species. The IGF-I signaling pathway in the liver and muscle is associated with growth in P. olivaceus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.986-995
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• 2019

Intestinal microbiota play a key role in maintaining the host's health, and variety and richness of this microbiota is directly influenced and modulated by the host's diet. Kimchi is a fermented food rich in dietary fibers and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). To investigate the effect of fermented kimchi on the host's response and the composition of intestinal microbiota, 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats six weeks old were divided into three experimental groups that received either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with fermented kimchi (FK) or chitosan-added fermented kimchi (CFK) for four weeks. Body weights and feed intakes were measured weekly, and the intestinal contents were collected aseptically and were used for 16S rRNA gene profiling via pyrosequencing. As compared to the control, FK and CFK groups showed less body weight gain, feed efficiency, and blood triglyceride concentration. The diversity of intestinal microbiota was increased in both FK and CFK as compared to the control. At the phylum level, obesity-associated Firmicutes decreased, while leanness-associated Bacteroidetes increased. At the genus-level, the genera that consist of LAB, leanness-associated bacteria, and butyric acid-producing bacteria increased in FK and CFK as compared to the control. The overall results suggest that the consumption of fermented kimchi can reduce obesity and promote the host's health through mechanisms involving the modulation of intestinal microbiota.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.405-412
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• 2019

Objective: This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of corn germ meals (CGM) and to develop equations to predict the corresponding energy contents based on the chemical characteristics of individual CGM. Methods: Sixty-six barrows (initial body weight = $51.3{\pm}4.6kg$) were allotted to 11 diets including a basal diet and 10 CGM test diets in a completely randomized design. In the test diets, CGM was included in replacement of 30% of the energy-providing ingredients in the basal diet, resulting in a final inclusion rate of 29.1%. Each diet was fed to 6 barrows housed in individual metabolism crates for a 7-d acclimation period followed by a 5-d total but separate collection of feces and urine. Results: Considerable variation was observed in acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, ether extract, ash, calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus contents among the CGM samples. On dry matter (DM) basis, the DE and ME contents of the CGM ranged from 10.22 to 15.83 MJ/kg and from 9.94 to 15.43 MJ/kg, respectively. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were negatively correlated with the DE and ME contents of CGM samples. The best-fit prediction equations for the DE and ME values (MJ/kg DM) of the 10 CGM were: DE = 26.85-0.28 insoluble dietary fiber (%)-17.79 Ca (%); ME = 21.05-0.43 ADF (%)-11.40 Ca (%). Conclusion: The chemical compositions of CGM vary depending on sources, particularly in ether extract and Ca. The DE and ME values of CGM can be predicted based on their chemical composition in growing pigs.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2019

Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr) is commonly consumed and found in major foods including soymilk, soy sauce, tofu, and soy sprout in Korea and east Asia. In addition, it is common to cook the whole seeds with rice. Soybean is known to have ranges of health benefits including antiaging, anticancer, neuroprotective and antidiabetic taken either as supplement or dietary food. Anthocyanins and flavonoids in G. max are found to be the main contributors to such wide arrays of health benefits. Due to increasing economic values of soybean, development of specialty soybean cultivars is becoming an area of interest worldwide. In this study, 746 black soybean accessions from National Agrobiodiversity Center were characterized as part of an attempt to identify important germplasms of G. max. Seed coats of each accession were analyzed for their total anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-Glucoside (C-3-O-G), delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (D-3-O-G), petunidin-3-O-glucoside (Pt-3-O-G), and their whole seeds for crude protein contents. HPLC was used to determine and quantify the anthocyanin compositions while crude protein was determined using Kjeldahl method by Kjeltec auto-analyzer (Kjeltec 8400, Foss, Sweden). Accessions were grouped according to their anthocyanins and protein contents; the mean content of which were correlated to agronomic traits including maturity date, one hundred seed weight, cotyledon color and seed lust color. The results indicated that the total anthocyanin content (TAC) ranged from 273.77 to 6250.52 mg/100 g, with mean value of 1853.03 mg/100 g while the crude protein content (CPC) being between 33.43 and 47.51%, with mean value of 40.81%. The highest number of accessions (45.97%) showed TAC between 1000~1900 mg/100 g while 30.96% of accessions showed CPC between 41~43%. Among the 746 accessions considered, 11 (IT142935, 175818, 175855, 177191, 177209, 177211, 177214, 177216, 177218, 177220, 177274) of them showed TAC above 4000 mg/100 g. C-3-O-G was found to be the major contributor to TAC showing strong correlation. Accessions with green cotyledon color showed high mean TAC compared to those having yellow cotyledon color, and accessions with dull seed lust color showed high mean TAC than those having shiny seed lust color. One hundred seeds weight and maturity date showed positive correlation with all anthocyanin contents, except for Pt-3-O-G in the latter case. The overall result of the present study could be used as background for developing new black soybean cultivars and breeds with high anthocyanin and protein contents. The result depicted that many of the accessions could be used as potential parental lines.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-148
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Bangpungtongseong-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san, BTS) and Daesiho-tang (Dachaihu-tang, DST) on weight loss and improvement in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, we intend to develop a prediction model for drug effects through the analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), gut-microbiota, and the expression of immune-related biomarkers. Methods: This study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design clinical trial. One hundred twenty-eight participants will be assigned to the BTS group (n=64) and DST group (n=64). Both groups will be administered 4 g medication three times a day for up to 2 weeks. The primary outcomes is weight loss. The secondary outcomes include bioelectrical impedance analysis, waist circumstance, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, insulin resistance. The exploratory outcomes include 3-day dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire, quality of life questionnaire, gut microbiota analysis, immune biomarkers analysis, and SNP analysis. Assessment will be made at baseline and at week 4, 8, and 12. Conclusions: This protocol will be implemented by approval of the Institutional Review Board of Dongguk University. The results of this trial will provide a systematic evidence for the treatment of obesity and enable more precise herbal medicine prescriptions.