• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Complex microbial communities play an important role in the human health and co-evolved with human in the form of symbiosis. Many literatures provide new evidences that the increased prevalence of obesity cannot be attributed solely to changes in the human genome, nutritional habits, or reduction of physical activity in our daily lives. The intestinal flora was recently proposed as an environmental factor responsible for the control of body weight and energy metabolism. A number of studies suggest that the modulation of gut microbiota affects host metabolism and has an impact on energy storage and demonstrated a role for the gut microbiota in weight gain, fat increase, and insulin resistance. Variations in microbiota composition are found in obese humans and mice and the microbiota from an obese mouse confers an obese phenotype when transferred to an axenic mouse. As well, the gut microbial flora plays a role in converting nutrients into calories. Specific strategies for modifying gut microbiota may be a useful means to treat or prevent obesity. Dietary modulations of gut microbiota with a view to increasing bifidobacteria have demonstrated to reduce endotoxemia and improve metabolic diseases such as obesity. The fermentation of medicinal herbs is intended to exert a favorable influence on digestability, bioavailability and pharmacological activity of herbal extract. Therefore we also expect that the fermented herbal extracts may open up a new area to treat obesity through modulating gut microbiota.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.485-493
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develope a computer program to help with gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding management practice and with the prediction about the risk possibility of productive disease such as reproductive and metabolic disorders by evaluating fat, protein, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) from individual cow milk in dairy herd Somatic cell counts also represent the condition of udder health. The principal flow charts of this program was to check on herd management, sampling the composite milk, analysis the milk composition, conversion of data from milking equipment to program, input and analysis of data in program, and report. This program is compatible with window 95/98 system. The major analytical elements of this program were presented as; the profile of herd lactation curve analysis of the test-day milk production level, the distribution of somatic cell count, the fat to protein ratio to evaluate body energy balance, and the interpretation of dietary protein-energy balance by milk protein and MUN contents for individual cows. This program using milk fat, protein, MUN, and somatic cell counts will serve as a monitoring tool for the protein-energy balance and the feeding management practice, and for distribution of mastitis in individual cows. It will also be used to manage the nutritional and reproductive disorders and mastitis at the farm level.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.208-213
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• 2010

We sought to optimize parboiled rice preparations with respect to nutritional composition and to compare the physicochemical properties of polished, glutinous rices and Olbyossal (parboiled rice). Crude lipid contents (all w/w) were: brown glutinous rice (1.92%) > Olbyossal (1.13%) > glutinous rice (1.08%) > polished rice (0.32%). The crude ash content of Olbyossal was greater than that of polished rice. There was no significant difference in crude protein level between Olbyossal and polished rice. Total dietary fiber content (all figures are w/w) was higher in Olbyossal (3.79%) than in polished rice (1.67%). With respect to mineral content, P (249.16 mg%), K (144.67 mg%), Na (35.41 mg%), and Mg (30.24 mg%) levels were higher in Olbyossal than in polished rice. There was no significant difference in fatty acid or amino acid content between polished rice and Olbyossal. The L value (lightness) of Olbyossal was lower than that of polished rice but the hardness of Olbyossal was greater.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers esterified in diacylglycerol (DAG)-rich oil on lipid metabolism was investigated. Since dietary DAG has been known to induce the regression of atherosclerosis, CLA-DAG and olive-DAG oils containing similar levels of DAG (51.4~54.2%) were synthesized from olive oil. Hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice were then fed high-fat high-cholesterol diets supplemented with these oils (5% each) for 7 wk. The CLA-DAG diet containing 2.1% CLA isomers (0.78% c9,t11-CLA; 1.18% t10,c12-CLA) remarkably increased the levels of total plasma cholesterol and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) along with hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) contents. Furthermore, the CLA-DAG diet inhibited fat uptake into adipose tissue whereas fat deposition (especially in the liver) was increased, resulting in the development of fatty livers. Hepatic fatty acid composition in the CLA-DAG mice was different from that of the olive-DAG mice, showing higher ratios of C16:1/C16:0 and C18:1/C18:0 in the liver. The activity of hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) was higher in CLA-DAG mice while plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were lower in CLA-DAG mice compared to the olive-DAG animals. Results of the present study suggest that CLA incorporation into DAG oil could induce atherosclerosis in mice.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of cottonseed and soybean meal on growth performance of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Nine hundred fish $(0.74{\pm}0.11g)$ in the early juvenile stage were randomly divided into 15 groups, and 3 groups were fed one of five isonitrogenous (56% CP) and isocaloric $(16.3\;MJ\;kg^{-1})$ diets replacing 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% of fish meal protein by equal proportion (1:1, w:w) of cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) (designated by Control, CS10, CS20, CS30, and CS40, respectively). A solvent extracted cottonseed meal containing high crude protein (44%) and low fiber content (<12%) was used in this study. After 10 weeks of feeding trial, the growth offish fed diets CS10, CS20, and CS30 were not significantly (P>0.05) different compared to that of fish fed the control diet. However, diet CS40 exhibited significantly lower (P<0.05) growth performance than the control diet. No differences were observed in whole body composition of fish fed all the experimental diets. This study indicates that mixture of cottonseed and soybean meal with lysine and methionine supplementation can replace up to 30% fish meal protein in diet for olive founder at the early juvenile stage. However, we suggest that 20% of fish meal protein replacement by cottonseed (10%) and soybean (10%) meal can be the optimum level for commercial use in safety according to the growth performances.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.477-493
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• 2016

This research was conducted to investigate the performance of a weight control program in university students in Daejeon during 3 months from November 2014 to February 2015. This program measured body measurement and composition analysis, nutritional education, and counseling every month. The status of students' weight control was surveyed before and after the program. The participants were 17 males (24.5 years old) and 15 females (20.8 years old). Their weights before the program were 78.2 kg (male) and 57.2 kg (female), whereas after the program, weights were 77.6 kg (male) and 56.2 kg (female). Weight reduction in students was 53.1%, and weight increase was 40.6% by the weight control program. Body mass index (BMI) tended to decrease after the program. Body fat % and muscle masses were not significantly different by program practice. Body image decision of females showed mainly 'normal' status while that of male was 'over fatty constitution', Before and after the program, the most prevalent method of weight control was exercise for all students. The most selected exercise was 'walking and jogging' during the program. For the most effective weight control method, female acknowledged both 'reducing amount of meals' and 'increasing exercise' while males selected 'increasing exercise.' On the side effects of weight control, over 40% of all students chose 'no experience' and 'loss of volition'. The degree of student's goal achievement was largely 20 ~-20% compared with their goal weights. Accordingly, this program didn't show significant effects. For effective weight control, it is recommended to conduct nutritional education. Students can exercise regularly and control diet to sustain a healthy and satisfactory body status.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.568-577
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• 2017

Vegetables and fruits contain a great deal of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Therefore, healthconcious consumer prefer beverage made from fresh fruits and vegetables due to their health benefits. This study was conducted to investigate differences in nutritional composition and sensory characteristics of juices depending on the apparatus used: either a low-speed juicer or high-speed blender. All ingredients could be made into juice without addition of water using the low speed juicer. However, addition of water was necessary to produce juice with the high-speed blender. Phenol and flavonoid content, were higher in juice made with the low-speed juicer than that produced with the high-speed blender and were correlated with DPPH radical scavenging ability. Protease activity of pineapples juices was not significantly different for the two methods, but protease activity of kiwi juice was about 8 times higher in juice made with low-speed juicer than that made with the high-speed blender. SOD activity also tended to be higher in the juice made with low-speed juicer. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the juice made with high-speed blender was higher than that of juice made with a low-speed juicer and was correlated with color change. In addition, the high-speed blender caused an increase juice temperature, but temperature was not changed during use of the low-speed juicer. The noise level of the low-speed juicer was low, but the high-speed blender had high noise intensity comparable to that of railway or aircraft noise. In the sensory evaluation of juice, juice made with the low-speed juicer was preferred over juice made with the high-speed blender. As a result, the overall quality of the juice produced using the low-speed juicer was superior.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.643-650
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of dehulled soybean (DHSB), and the rapid preparation possibility of soybean milk with DHSB (SM-DHSB), and then the quality of SM-DHSB. In DHSB, the moisture content decreased, the crude protein, crude fat, minerals, and carbohydrate contents increased, and the isoflavone (daidzein, genistein and glycitein) content was similar to that of soybean (SB). The water absorption rate of DHSB for soybean milk preparation was higher than that of SB. In the results of SM-DHSB and soybean milk (SM) qualities, the crude protein content, total solid content, and the viscosity of SM-DHSB were higher, the yield and the proximate composition (except crude protein) were similar, and the Biji production rate, and total dietary fiber content of SM-DHSB were lower compared to the SM. In terms of the isoflavone contents of SM-DHSB, daidzein and genistein content were similar, and glycitein content was lower compared with the SM. Consequently, these results suggest the possible use of DHSB for rapid SM-DHSB preparation, because the soaking time was decreased by the high water absorption rate of DHSB in the SM preparation, and the quality of SM-DHSB improved compared to those of the SM.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.370-381
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• 2015

This study was designed to determine the usability of lemon fiber (LF-2%, 4%, 6%) and carrot fiber (CF-2%, 4%, 6%) to produce lowfat beef hamburgers. To that end, a certain amount of fat was replaced with each fiber. The proximate composition, pH value, cholesterol content, cooking characteristics, color, texture profile, and sensory properties of low-fat beef hamburgers were investigated. LF increased moisture content and cooking yield due to its better water binding properties, while CF caused higher fat and cholesterol contents owing to its higher fat absorption capacity (p<0.05). LF resulted in a lighter, redder, and more yellow color (p<0.05). Hardness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness parameters decreased when the usage level of both fibers increased (p<0.05). However, more tender, gummy, springy, and smoother hamburgers were produced by the addition of CF in comparison with LF (p<0.05). Moreover, hamburgers including CF were rated with higher sensory scores (p<0.05). In conclusion, LF demonstrated better technological results in terms of cooking yield, shrinkage, moisture retention, and fat retention. However it is suggested that CF produces better low-fat hamburgers since up to 2% CF presented sensory and textural properties similar to those of regular hamburgers.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 2016

Recently, research has been focusing on high quality and safer animal production by utilizing natural functional materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of natural Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) on gamma linolenic acid (GLA) levels in milk from Holstein dairy cows. Quality and quantity of milk as well as blood and fatty acids from Holstein cow fed diets supplemented with 2.7-4% calcium-salted EPO coated with palm stearin oil were analyzed. There was no significant difference in yield and composition of milk between control and EPO treatment. However, EPO treatment lowered blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST), somatic cell count (SCC), and cholesterol levels (p < 0.05) compared to untreated control. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was decreased (p < 0.05) in GLA 1 and GLA 2 group when compared with control group. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration was lower (p < 0.05) in GLA 1 and GLA 2 groups than in control group. The level of GLA in milk was increased in EPO group when compared to control. Therefore, results from the present study demonstrate that supplementary EPO has beneficial effects on cow health, showing a decrease in somatic cell count and levels of blood cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and AST. Furthermore, supplementation of EPO improves milk quality with increased amounts of GLA.