• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.406-417
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• 2022

Purpose: The incidence of chronic diseases is increasing and the age of onset is decreasing in South Korea. Healthy eating habits to prevent chronic diseases are established in adolescence. This study verified the identified factors and dynamics that affect diet self-assessment for sustainable adolescent health and the prevention of chronic diseases. Methods: Data were collected from 492 middle and high school students in South Korea from June to July 2018, and the participants answered a questionnaire on dietary safety management competency for sustainable health. Results: The healthy dietary self-assessment scores of overweight/obese adolescents and adolescents who perceived their health as normal were significantly lower than those of other groups. Factor analysis verified the validity of the items that comprised each study area before a multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the factors affecting healthy dietary self-assessment. Sweet and salty diets, anxiety, food and nutrition knowledge, weight management knowledge, stress management, exercise, basic eating habits, and healthy eating habits significantly affected healthy dietary assessment among adolescents. A higher perception of one's health indicated a higher healthy dietary self-assessment, dietary safety knowledge, and health management practice scores (p < 0.01). Factors like healthy dietary self-assessment, food and nutrition knowledge, and weight management knowledge appear to have a significant correlation with other identified factors, except overeating. The adolescents' awareness, knowledge, and dietary safety practices influenced healthy dietary self-assessment, which can prevent chronic diseases and achieve sustainable health. Conclusion: This study illustrated how the adolescents' awareness, knowledge, and practices of dietary safety influenced their healthy diet self-assessment. The results indicate that diet-based health management competency education relative to the adolescents' self-perception and weight levels should be implemented.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation thresholds and assessment for salty taste and high-salt dietary behaviors by age. Methods: A total of 524 subjects including 100 each of elementary school students, middle school students, college students, and elderly as well as 124 adults were surveyed for detection and recognition thresholds, salty taste assessments, and high-salt dietary behaviors. Results: Elementary students had a lower detection threshold (p<0.05) and recognition threshold (p<0.01) than did the other groups. Salty taste assessments were lowest among elementary students, followed by middle school students, while college students, adults, and elderly had higher assessment score (p<0.001). Elementary students had significantly lower scores for high-salt dietary behavior than did middle school students, college students, adults and elderly (p<0.001). Middle school students had higher scores for high-salt dietary behavior than did elementary school students and elderly (p<0.001) but no meaningful difference was found in dietary behavior scores between college students, adults, and elderly. There were positive correlations between high-salt dietary behavior and detection thresholds (p<0.001), recognition thresholds (p<0.001), and salty taste assessment (p<0.001). High-salt dietary behavior was more positively correlated with salty taste assessment than detection and recognition thresholds for salty taste. Conclusions: This study suggested that salty taste assessments were positively associated with scores for the detection and recognition thresholds and high-salt dietary behavior.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the results of salty taste assessment, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors among adult and senior women by region and by age. The results generated from this was expected to provide fundamental data for implementing a nationwide salt reduction education program. Methods: The salty taste assessment tool was applied to 4,064 subjects from 15 areas in Korea. Also, a survey of dietary attitude and dietary behavior related to salt intake was conducted for all subjects participated in this study. Results: The salty taste assessment scores by region and by age were the lowest in capital (p < 0.01) and was highest among the 70+ year age group (p < 0.01). The dietary attitude scores and dietary behavior scores showed that Gyeongsang was the highest (p < 0.001) and the capital was the lowest. The dietary attitude scores were highest at 20&30's followed by 40's and 70's group (p < 0.001). Dietary behavior scores showed that 20's~30's and 40's groups were higher than the other age groups (p < 0.001). The score of 'I like kimchi' was $3.46{\pm}0.88$, which was the highest among 10 dietary behavior questions. The score of 'I eat a lot of kimchi' was $3.30{\pm}0.90$, which was the highest among 10 dietary behavior questions related to salt intake. The scores of salty taste assessment had significant positive correlations between the scores of dietary attitude (p < 0.001), dietary behavior (p < 0.001) and self-awareness (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of salty taste assessment, we observed a tendency that older people and regions except the capital had higher preference for salty taste. Our results suggested the necessity for a nationwide salty reduction education program tailored for regions and for different age groups.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare regional differences in salty taste assessments, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and dietary behaviors associated with high-salt diets in four national regions in Korea (Region 1: Seoul, Sokcho, Region 2: Buyeo, Jecheon, Gong Ju, Region 3: Daegu, Gyeongsan, Region 4: Jeon Ju). Subjects were 860 persons who participated in sodium reduction campaign. The result of the salty taste assessment by region was not significantly different. The nutrition knowledge score of subjects in Region 1 was the highest. Dietary attitude scores that showed preference for high-salt diets of Region 2 and Region 4 subjects were higher than those of Regions 1 and 3 subjects (p < 0.001). Dietary behavior scores were not significantly different among regions. The correlation between sodium intake and salty taste assessment was significant (p < 0.01). Older subjects who had high blood pressure levels and lower nutrition knowledge were more likely to have high sodium intakes. Even though the salty taste assessment and dietary behavior scores by region were not significantly different, the salty taste assessment scores had a significant negative correlation with nutrition knowledge and had a significant positive correlation with dietary attitude and dietary behavior in terms of preference for high-salt diets. Therefore, nationwide education regarding salt intake reduction and health and a campaign to encourage favorable attitudes and behavioral changes regarding consumption of a no-salt / low-salt diet is needed.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2016

The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of Maitland orthopedic manual therapy, Silver Spike Point, dietary fiber and gymnastic exercise on the improvement of constipation. Forty patients with constipation participated in the study (Maitland Orthopedic Manual Therapy Group(n=10), Silver Spike Point Therapy Group(n=10), Dietary Fiber Group(n=10) and Gymnastics Exercise Group(n=10)). The assessment scale and weekly bowel frequency were measured before and after the experiment. Assessment scale was significantly increased in Silver Spike Point Therapy, Maitland orthopedic therapy, gymnastic exercise compare to dietary fiber. Weekly bowel frequency was significantly increased in gymnastic exercise compared to dietary fiber. The results of this study suggest that Silver Spike Point Therapy, Maitland orthopedic therapy, gymnastic exercise improve the symptom in patients with constipation.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.760-775
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the validity of food photographs for estimating individuals' dietary intakes and compare it with other dietary assessment methods. Subjects were 7 professors, 2 researchers, 12 dietitian and 16 graduate students majoring in food and nutrition. Among the subjects, 20 subjects had research experiences in the dietary intake survey more than one year while 17 had not. Each subject estimated 50 food portions displayed in computer monitor by comparing with standard food photographs, which were weighed portions of 28 foods from typical Korean diet. No significant differences between the estimated value and the weighed value of 17 (34%) food portions were shown in research-experienced group and those of 14 (28%) food portions were shown in no-researchexperienced group. 24-hour recall was the most frequently-used method for dietary assessment followed by in the order of food frequency questionnaire, dietary record, diet history and weighing method. After estimating food portions by photographs, 30 subjects (81%) were willing to use the method for dietary assessment because of its convenience and easy communication between researcher and subject. This study suggests that digital photography method would be a useful and convenient new instrument for estimating individuals' dietary intake. However, it is necessary to create standard database for food portions and carry out systematic education for food estimation in order to apply this method in the fields.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2011

The influence of nutrition during early life on physical growth as well as mental development has been thoroughly discussed in the literature. The physical dimensions of the body are greatly influenced by nutrition, particularly during the period of rapid growth in early childhood. Nutritional status affects every pediatric patient's response toillness. Good nutrition is important for achieving normal growth and development. It is indicated that permanent impairment of the central nervous system may result from dietary restriction of imbalance during certain periods of life. If children under 3 years of age show a good nutritional status, it may be assumed that they are well nourished. Several common diseases of children such as iron deficiency, chronic constipation and atopic dermatitis are known food related diseases. Patients with chronic illness and those at risk of malnutrition should have detailed nutritional assessments done. Components of a complete nutritional assessment include a medical history, nutritional history including dietary intake, physical examination, anthropometrics (weight, length or stature, head circumference, midarm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness), pubertal staging, skeletal maturity staging, and biochemical tests of nutritional status. The use of age, gender, and disease-specific growth charts is essential in assessing nutritional status and monitoring nutrition interventions. Nutrition assessment and dietary counseling is helpful for the cure of disease, and moreover, the prevention of illness.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2015

This study was designed to investigate dietary life related to sodium of participants in hypertension and diabetes preventive education at the public health center located in Incheon Metropolitan City. Subjects were comprised of 301 adults (males: 102, female: 199) of age 50 years and above. The questionnaire for dietary life and salty taste assessment were performed on the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS package (ver. 18.0). According to the result of questionnaire for dietary behavior, 70% of the subjects were in the low salt intake group (p<0.001). In the result of questionnaire for dietary frequency, all ages groups were in the low salt intake group (p<0.01). The data of questionnaire for dietary behavior showed that the subjects of age above 75 years preferred salted seafood, soup, and kimchi (p<0.01). The data of questionnaire for dietary frequency showed that the subjects of age between 65 and 74, least chose fried kimchi, noodle, and soybean paste soup with clams (p<0.05), and the healthy adult groups chose kimchi stew, ssam and ssamjang (p<0.05). The score for dietary behavior in male subjects was higher than female subjects (p<0.01). In particular, the score for dietary frequency was the lowest in the subjects of age between 65 and 74 (p<0.01). The mean value of salty taste assessment in the subjects was 0.41% which is higher than the ideal value of 0.3% (p<0.01). Offering more nutrition education and continuous feedback of healthcare center may be needed to improve the health status of the adults.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2006

The farmers' nutritional condition can not be compared with other citizens according to the Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey, and based on other literature reviews. These farmers have either less access to educational materials or have no idea and do not understand the importance of nutritional education. The purpose of this study is to develop an appropriate reading material on nutrition to educate the farmers. To do this, the first step was to gather sufficient available materials for the review of related literature. Second, a survey was conducted to assess the needs of farmers and extension workers for educational materials on nutrition. The results showed that the farmers preferred the following topics: Menu Planning or Menu for Health' (62.1%), Dietary Assessment (49.7%), Dietary Guideline for Farmers (35.7%), and Cooking Method and Recipe (32.6%). They also preferred the booklet type (62.7%). These materials basically contained literature review, lesson plan, and needs assessment. The booklets contained in detail: 1) Dietary assessment - nutritional assessment, and assessment of meal 2) Dietary guidelines for farmers - reduce salt intakes, eat calcium-rich foods, ideal body weight, reduce alcohol-drinking and smoking, tips on eating soybean, eat meat and fish, tips on eating fruits, eat shellfish and seaweeds, and tips on eating dietary fibers, and 3) Plan a meal - menu planning and sample menu by farming patterns. Finally, the text of the final material was improved by the graphic designer using Quark Express 3.3, Photoshop 6.0, Illustrator 10.0, and Painter 8.0. The booklet has 46 pages and divided into three chapters. This contains simple and affordable recipes and provides some helpful tips for dietary and changing lifestyles. This booklet is made available for farmers and other groups interested in nutrition education.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 1996

This study examined within-and between-individual variation in nutrient intakes in order to estimate the degrees of precison in dietary assessment among 59 female volunteers aged 21-23 years. Self-recorded 7-day dietary recalls and records were collected by during a 3 month period. Between the recall and record methods, there were little difference of within-and between-individual variations. Within-to-between individual variation ratios were > 2.0 for most of the nutrients examined, and were higher for niacin, vitamin A and C (>2.5) in the recals and for calcium, iron, vitamin A and C(>3.0) in the records. With 7-day dietary data, observed nutrient intakes were estimated to within 26-107% of the subjects' true(usual) intakes, among those vitamin C and energy showed the highest and lowest values, respectively. Correlation coefficients between observed and true nutrient intakes were 0.73-0.81 for the recalls and 0.68-0.77 for the records. In order to estimate with 20% precision, 12-13 days of dietary study were required for energy, 46 for calcium, 71-72 for vitamin A, and 199-200 for vitamin C. Attenuation factor ranged 0.73-0.81 for the recalls and 0.68-0.77 for the records. This study implies that commonly used 1 or 3 day dietary studies may not be appropriate for assessing individuals' nutrient intakes. Further research focusing on the methodological issues in the assessment of Korean diet are needed for between understanding of the relationship between diet and health in Koreans.