• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.721-730
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• 2005

Effects of levels of Bomboo Vinegar Liquids(BVL) on growth performance, serum profile and meat quality in employing 90 pigs were investigated. Ninety pigs were allocated into 3 groups and fed by dietary levels of BVL 0(control), 2.0 and 4.0% were included in experimental diets of each of the groups. Concentrated diet was supplemented with 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. The results showed that the daily weight gains and the feed conversion increased significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0% BVL and the feed intake increased slightly. The glucose and the cholesterol contents at the serum decreased significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. On the other hand the total protein concentration and the blood urea nitrogen(BUN) increased significantly(p<0.05) in 4.0% BVL. The carcass weight increased significantly(p<0.05) in 4.0% BVL, and back fat thickness had decreased significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. The carcass grade tended to increase in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. The total fat content of loin tended to increase in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL while the cholesterol content decreased significantly(p<0.05). The pH had lower slightly in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL, the lightness and the yellowness of the meat color had higher significantly(p<0.05) while the redness decreased. Shear force values had lower significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. For the fatty acid composition, the saturated fatty acids decreased significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL while unsaturated fatty acids(oleic acid and linoleic acid) increased significantly(p<0.05). For the sensory evaluation, 2.0 and 4.0% BVL had a significant(p<0.05) effect of diminishing the odor and improving the appearance. The taste was also significantly(p<0.05) improved. In conclusion the 2.0% BVL had a positive effect on the feeding performance, the carcass grade and the meat quality characteristics therefore 2.0% BVL is the appropriate supplemental levels of BVL for finishing pigs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.911-918
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of the feeding physiological activity substance in Saururus chinensis Baill extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, electrolyte (Na, K, CI) concentration and lipid metabolism in the serum of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced hyperglycemic rats fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in serum were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group (group NSW), STZ (I.P.)+Saururus chinensis Baill leaf 3.5 g% extract group (group NSSL) and STZ (I.P.)+Saururus chinensis Baill root 3.5 g% extract group (group NSSR) than those in the control group (group Normal, basal diet+water). But the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL in serum were remarkably lower in the groups NSSL and NSSR than those in the NSW, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the groups NSSL and NSSR were significantly higher than in the group NSW. Electrolyte and creatinine concentrations in serum were significantly lower in the groups NSSL and NSSR than those in the group NSW. The activities of aminotransferase (AST, ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were remarkably lower in the groups NSSL and NSSR than in the hyperglycemic group NSW. However, no significance was found in the comperative effect of the groups NSSL and NSSR. From the above results, it was suggested that Saururus chinensis Baill was effective in the improvement of the blood glucose, electrolyte, glucide and lipid metabolism in serum of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.259-269
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• 2007

This study was compared the effect of shelf-life and DHA accumulation in chicken meat from broilers fed experimental diets for two weeks($21{\sim}35$ days) of growers. Two hundred-ten male Ross broilers, 1 day of age, were randomly allocated to seven treatment groups. Experimental diets were assigned to each of the seven groups: control diet containing tallow, T1 with 1.00% fish oil, T2 with 2.00% fish oil, T3 with 2.00% fish oil, 200 ppm vitamin E and 200 ppm vitamin C, T4 with 2.00% fish oil and 200 ppm vitamin C, T5 with 2.00% fish oil and 200 ppm vitamin E, and T6 with 3.00% fish oil. The levels of DHA in chicken meat was the highest in T6, and T1 in breast muscle and thigh muscle with skin was higher than that of $T2{\sim}T5,\;T2{\sim}T5$ in raw chicken meat and wing with skin was about two-fold higher than that of T1. The contents of DHA in chicken meat according to storage days were significantly reduced to 42.30%, 49.38% and 48.51% in T1, T2 and T6, respectively, and this decrease was higher than that of T3, T4 and T5 (p<0.05). Particularly, the rate of reduction of DHA was the lowest in the T3 and T5, which were the lowest in TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). TBARS increased in the order of T6, T2 and T1, but reduced in the order of T3, T5 and T4 according to storage days, and there was a significant difference among the treatment groups (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.403-411
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• 2009

This study was conducted to gather the basic data on the increase of utilization for the Japanese staunton vine (Stauntonia hexaphylla), native plants which were grown in the southern districts in Korea. We have also determined their partial physical and chemical compositions and their physiological activities. Vitamin C contents in fruit skin was 85.23 mg/100 g, and that in flesh was 61.67 mg/100 g. Total amino acids contents in fruit skin increased much more by 762.72 mg/100 g DW compared to that in flesh by 434.05 mg/100 g DW. Inorganic matter contents were more increased in the fruit skin (108.48 mg/$\ell$) and its main components were K (76.53 mg/$\ell$), Ca (20.20 mg/$\ell$) and Mg (6.22 mg/$\ell$). Total phenol compound and flavonoid contents in 1,000 mg/$\ell$ methanol extracts were 7.3-9.6 mg/$\ell$ and 5.1-6.7 mg/$\ell$. Nitrite radical scavenging activity in 4,000 mg/$\ell$ methanol extracts of fruit skin and flesh for Stauntonia hexaphylla were 79.5% and 77.8%, however, that in seeds was 17.1%. Overall mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity (% of control) was less than 10.8%. Anti-microbial activities of methanol extracts from the fruit skin against the gram negative and positive microbial strains were not significant in the lower concentration of extracting solution, however, that from flesh and seeds in terms of the inhibition diameter were $8.91{\sim}12.25\;mm$.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.646-653
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• 2002

Purpose : The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children has been increasing worldwide recently, which is thought to be related to the increasing prevalence of obesity. We investigated to evaluate the incidence and the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and also analysed the relationship between intrauterine growth retardation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods : We investigated 25 children diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus between March 1990 and December 2000. The analysis was performed retrospectively with medical records based on the clinical characteristics and laborotory findings. Results : Incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children has been increasing since 1990. We demonstrated an increase in the percentage of type 2 diabetes mellitus children from 5.3% in 1990 to 21.0% in 2000. Sixty eight percent of patients(17/25) were classified as obese group. Initial symptoms at first visit were polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia 48%(12/25), asymptomatic glycosuria 40% (10/25), weight loss 8%(2/25) and obesity 4%(1/25). The mean age at diagnosis was $12.9{\pm}1.8$ years. 64%(16/25) of patients had positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Autoanti-bodies were positive in 18.1%(4/22) of patients. Twenty eight percent (7/25) of patients had an associated disease and two patients had fatty liver in association with obesity. Treatment consisted of diet, exercise, education and oral hypoglycemic agents. Three patients were treated with insulin as well as oral hypoglycemic agents because of poor blood glucose control. Long-term diabetic complications occurred in 4 patients. Intrauterine growth retardtion was found in 34.6%(9/25); 88.9% (8/9) of these patients were non-obese group. Conclusion : The increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children is thought to be related to the increasing prevalence of obesity. The non-obese group of patients might be associated with intrauterine growth retardation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1984

Recently, it has been reported that acute and chronic intoxication of Cd was concerned with environmental hygienic studies. In this study the effect of Ca and V-D was given directly into the diet with water containing the 20 ppm of Cd during so days. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Administration of Ca and V-D inhibited the reduction of body weight induced by Cd. The internal organ weights of rats receiving Cd solution without Ca and V-D were generally increased except lung. 2. The values of hematocrit were higher in rats receiving Cd solution supplemented Ca and V-D than those doing Cd solution without Ca and V-D, and the levels of cholesterol were in- creased in experimental rats compared with control group. Total protein concentration in serum of the both group intaking the Ca and Y-D, and without Ca and V-D was not significant. 3. The concentration of Cd and Mg in liver was increased in rats feeding only Cd solution than those doing Ca and V-D group, whereas the concentration of Cu, Zn and Ca was decreased. The concentration of Cd, Cu and Ca in kidney was decreased in only Cd solution group, whereas by supplementing Ca and vitamin D was increased the concentration of Cd, Cu and Zn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1215-1226
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of extracts of persimmon leaf (PWE), buckwheat leaf (BWE), and chinese matrimony vine leaf (LWE) in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were divided into four groups: HFD (35% fat, w/w), HFD (38.5% fat, w/w) supplemented with PWE (10%, w/w), BWE (10%, w/w), and LWE (10%, w/w) groups. The epididymal, perirenal, and interscapular white adipose tissue (WAT) weights as well as plasma leptin level were lowest in the LWE group. Supplementation with PWE and BWE also tended to lower the perirenal and retroperitonal WAT weights compared to the HFD control group, and there was a significant decrease in plasma leptin concentration. Furthermore, plasma triglyceride concentration, hepatic cholesterol content, and hepatic lipid droplet accumulation were significantly lower in the PWE, BWE, and LWE groups than in the HFD group. BWE supplementation markedly lowered plasma total cholesterol concentration, although there were no significant differences in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration and ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol among the groups. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly higher in the PWE and LWE groups than in the HFD group, and hepatic ACAT was not changed by extract supplementation. However, supplementation with PWE, BWE, and LWE significantly increased fecal acidic sterol content in rats fed a HFD. These results suggest that supplementation with PWE, BWE, and LWE may be an effective anti-obesity strategy by lowering body fat weight and improving plasma and hepatic lipid profiles in HFD-fed rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1349-1355
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of methanol extract of Allomyrina dichotoma larva (MEAL) on carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity in mice. ICR mice were divided into 5 groups [Vehicle control, $CCl_4\;(10{\mu}g/g)$ alone, $CCl_4$ plus a low dose $(50{\mu}g/g)$ of MEAL, $CCl_4$ plus a high dose $(100{\mu}g/g)$ of MEAL]. Silymarin $(2{\mu}g/g)$ was used as the reference in the experiment. Administration of MEAL tended to decrease the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity induced by $CCl_4$ treatment in mice. Hepatic concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in a high-dose group of diet decreased to the level of silymarin-treated group. Hepatic activity of glutathione S-transferase in MEAL-treated group was lower than that of $CCl_4-treated$ group. Serum concentration of bilirubin was significantly increased by $CCl_4$ treatment, but MEAL or silymarin recovered the level. These results suggest that MEAL may exert the protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity in mice. However, more intensive studies would be needed to elucidate the protective mechanism of the beetle on hepatotoxicity of mice.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for preventing dental caries, and maintaining and enhancing oral health. The subjects of this study were 138 male and female students who were in the 6th grade of elementary schools in Gimpo city. This study investigated the number of decayed tooth and the factors related to the number of decayed tooth, by using the results of questionnaire and oral health survey over such subjects. So, this study obtained the following conclusions. 1. For the number of decayed tooth, 'nothing(D = 0)' was the highest as 37.7%, and 'from two to three' was 23.9%, 'more than four' was 21%, and 'one' was 17.4% in order. 2. For the frequency of visiting dental clinics within the last one year, 'one to two times' was the highest as 52.2%, and the children who have not visited dental clinics even one time during one year were 23.9%. 3. For average daily tooth brushing frequency, 'two times' was the highest as 71.7%. For the use of oral health devices besides toothbrushes, 'I don't use' was the highest as 54.3%. For the experience of sealant and fluoride application, 'nothing' was the highest as 86.9% and 71.3% respectively. For the recognition on the use of fluoride dentifrice, 'I don't know' was the highest as 66.9%. 4. The socio-demographic factors related to the number of decayed tooth were mother's age, mother's background, mother's employment, and after-school fosterer(p > 0.05). 5. The oral health care factors related to the number of decayed tooth were average daily tooth brushing frequency, the use of oral health devices besides toothbrushes, and the experience of fluoride application.(p > 0.05) 6. The snack intake factors related to the number of decayed tooth were tooth care foods intake frequency and decaying foods intake frequency(p > 0.05). 7. The oral health belief item related to the number of decayed tooth was susceptibility(p > 0.05). 8. According to the results of regression analysis, the less mother was employed, the more the average daily tooth brushing frequency was, the more the tooth care foods intake frequency was, the less the decaying foods intake frequency was, and the higher susceptibility was, the lower the number of decayed tooth. 9. In order to prevent and cure early the dental caries which occur frequently in elementary school students, the establishment of oral health centers within schools should be expanded to promote tooth brushing instruction, fluoride solution rinsing, diet control, periodic oral examination.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the compliance of hypertensive patients and its related factors registered at Community Health Practitioner Post(CHCP). Methods: 304 patients were interviewed by trained nursing students during one month(June~July 2004). The questionnaire included general charactristics, knowledge of hypertension, health education experience, constructs of Health Belief Model, self efficacy and so on. Compliance group was defined "having regularly medication and good life style". Good life style included regular exercise, non-smoking, little alcohol, low salt diet, weight control. Results: In compliance group 90.3% of man and 93.3% of woman were regularly taking hypertensive medicine, and 45.2% of man and 56.4% of woman were having good life style (compliance group). In both man and woman, the group of higher education were more compliance group, but were statistically significant were in man(p<0.05). In woman, the compliance group have significantly higher score in knowledge of hypertension(p(0.05). The compliance group have significantly higher self-efficacy score in both man and woman (p<0.05). In Health Belief Model, susceptibility and benefit were statistically significant in man, seriousness, benefit and barrier in woman(p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, education level and self efficacy in man and knowledge of hypertension, self-efficacy and benefit in woman were significant variables (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is very important to evaluate and modify life-style adding to having regularly medication in hypertensive patients registered at CHCP. To this, health education programs about benefit to compliance and the methods to improve self-efficacy should be developed for this patients.