• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2014

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most important factor of gastric disease in clinical practice. Moreover, smoking, stress and a poor diet may be additive factors for gastric damage. With these factors, increasing infection of H. pylori triggers gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. To develop a new protective agent, we are concerned with plant-derived extract. The extract of Coptis chinensis (C. chinensis) and its constituents were investigated to assess their protective activities against gastric damage. The C. chinensis extract showed a scavenging effect against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals, inhibition of H. pylori colonization and antiulcerogenic activities in rat. In particular, palmatine derived from C. chinensis was found to be the novel protective agent. It is better than the C. chinensis extract, berberine, a well-known constituent of C. chinensis. We suggest that palmatine from the root cortex of C. chinensis may be a good candidate for the development of new pharmaceuticals to prevent gastric disease.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.540-554
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• 2023

Heat stress is a major challenge to animal production in tropical and subtropical climates. Rabbits suffer from heat stress more than farm animals because they have few sweat glands, and their bodies are covered with thick fur. Intensive farming relies on antibiotics as antimicrobials or growth promoters to increase animals' productivity and health. However, the European Union and many countries have banned or restricted the use of antibiotics in animal feed for human health concerns. Several studies have found that replacing antibiotics in rabbit feed with natural plants or feed additives increases productivity and improves immune capacity, especially under heat stress conditions. Growth performance, immune response, gut microflora, and carcass yield may be increased in rabbits fed a diet supplemented with some natural plants and/or propolis. In this review article, we discuss and summarize the effects of some herbs and plant extracts as alternative feed additives on rabbit productivity, especially for those raised under hot ambient temperatures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.965-972
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• 2020

Objective: Astragalus membranaceus root is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine with many biological active constituents. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Astragalus membranaceus root powder (AMP) on growth performance, serum antioxidant and immune response in finishing lambs. Methods: A total of thirty-six Guangling fat-tailed ram lambs (body weight = 19±2 kg, mean±standard deviation) were randomly assigned to one of six treatments for a 40 d feeding period, with the first 10 d for adaptation. Treatments consisted of the lambs' basal diets with addition of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 g/kg of diet of AMP. Results: Response to supplementation level of AMP was quadratic (p≤0.032) for final weight and ADG with the greatest at 10 g/kg of diet, but dry matter intake was not affected (p≥0.227) by treatments. The increase of AMP supplementation resulted in a quadratic response in contents of triglyceride and creatinine (p<0.05), with the lowest values for 10 and 20 g/kg of diet, respectively. A linear and quadratic decrease was observed in activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum of lambs. As the AMP supplementation increased, the activities of total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity increased linearly (p≤0.018) and hydroxyl radical (OH^-) decreased linearly (p = 0.002). For catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), quadratic (p≤0.001) effects were observed among treatments, with the greatest CAT and lowest MDA values at 10 g/kg AMP. Additionally, supplementing AMP up to a level of 10 or 15 g/kg of diet quadratically increased immunoglobulin and interleukin contents in the serum. Conclusion: The results indicated that AMP can be used as natural feed additive in the ration of lambs to improve ADG, antioxidant status, and immune functions, and the optimal dose was 10 g/kg of diet under the condition of this experiment.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.460-465
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• 2006

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotics as a feed additive for Juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Three experimental diets supplemented with Bacillus polyfermenticus (BP), Bacillus licheniformis (BL), or Bacillus polyfermenticus plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (BP+SC) at $1.0{\times}10^7CFU/kg$ diet on a dry-matter basis were prepared. The basal diet was used as a control. After the 8-week feeding trial, the respiratory burst activity (NBT assay) of fish fed the BP + SC diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet. Fish fed the BP, BL and BP + SC diets had significantly lower cumulative mortality than did fish fed the control diet after the third day of the challenge test (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences among fish fed the experimental diets in weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, hematosomatic index, condition factor, survival rate, or Iysozyme activity. Results could suggest that dietary B. polyfermenticus, B. licheniformis, and B. polyfermenticus +S. cerevisiae enhance nonspecific immunity and disease resistance in juvenile olive flounder.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2009

배합사료에 생약재 첨가가 치어기 및 육성기 조피볼락의 성장, 사료이용성 및 체조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 14가지 생약재 혼합물 및 약쑥과 삼지구엽을 혼합 첨가한 배합사료로 치어기(3.6 g) 및 육성기(166 g) 조피볼락을 8주간 사육실험 하였다. 치어의 생존을, 증중량, 사료 효율, 일일사료섭취량, 단백질 효율, 비만도 및 간중량지수는 사료 침가제에 영향을 받지 않았다(P>0.05). 육성어의 증중량, 일일사료섭취량, 비만도 및 간중량지수는 사료 첨가제에 영향을 받지 않았지만 (P>0.05), 사료 효율과 단백질 효율은 생약재 첨가구가 대조구보다 높은 값을 보였다. 사육실험 종료 후, 치어와 육성어의 등 근육, 간, 장 및 전어체의 일반성분 및 지방산은 모든 실험구간에 통계적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 조피볼락 치어의 성장 및 사료이용효율이 사료 첨가제에 영향을 받지 않았지만, 육성어의 경우에는 생약재 첨가가 사료이용효율을 개선시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 어류의 성장단계에 따라 그 효능이 달라질 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2005

장수풍뎅이(Allomyrina dichotoma(Coleoptera: Dynastidae)) 후장에서 셀룰로오스 분해균을 분리하였다. 분리된 두 세균은 각각 Yersinia와 Bacillus 속으로 동정되었다. 이 두 세균의 셀룰로오스 분해능력은 참나무 톱밥으로 사육되는 흰점박이꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis senlensis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae))의 성장을 촉진시켰다. 이때 먹이 톱밥에 10% 이상의 밀가루를 첨가할 경우, 흰점박이꽃무지의 발육은 더욱 증진되었다. 한편 동정된 셀룰로오스 분해균을 사과원 전정목 톱밥에 첨가할 경우, 흰점박이꽃무지는 이를 먹이원으로 성장하였다. 이들 굼벵이의 대량사육에 따른 배설물은 높은 유기물 함량과 극소량의 독성 중금속을 함유하여 퇴비로서의 기능을 보유하였다. 이 굼벵이 배설물을 상추 재배지에 투입할 경우 상추발육을 촉진시켰다. 본 연구는 장수풍뎅이 유래 셀룰로오스 분해균을 이용하여 굼벵이 사육을 도모하는 데 일차 응용성을 보여주었으며, 이를 통해 부차적으로 사과원 폐목과 굼벵이 배설물의 자연 순환 모델을 제시하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of associating calcium butyrate with tannin extract, compared to an antimicrobial on the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal histology, immune-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in piglets. Methods: Seventy-two piglets (36 barrows and 36 gilts) weaned at 28±2 d and initial body weight of 7.17±1.07 kg were allocated to 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of NC, negative control: basal diet without additives; PC, positive control: basal diet + 40 mg/kg of colistin sulfate; or BT, basal diet + calcium butyrate + tannin extract. The butyrate and tannin inclusion levels were 0.15% in the pre-starter phase and 0.075% in the starter phase. Incidence of diarrhea was monitored daily, and on d 14 and 35 of experiment, 1 animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered to collect intestinal samples. Results: No significant differences were observed for growth performance. The butyrate-and tannin-based additive resulted in reduced (p<0.05) incidence of diarrhea in piglets during d 1 to 14 and d 1 to 35 in comparison with the other treatments. Piglets that consumed the diet containing the calcium-butyrate and tannin showed a lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum than those receiving the NC treatment at 14 d of experimentation. The BT treatment provided a lower (p<0.05) immune-expression of COX-2 at 14 d and TNF-α at 35 d in the duodenum. Conclusion: Association between calcium butyrate and tannin extract resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory process in the duodenum of piglets. Therefore, calcium-butyrate combined with tannin could be a part of an alternative program to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the diet of weaned piglets.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.310-325
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• 2024

Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining synbiotics and glyconutrients will enhance pig nutrient utilization. 150 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), initially weighing 58.85 ± 3.30 kg of live body weight (BW) were utilized to determine the effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients (SGN) on the pigs' performance, feed efficiency, gas emission, pork traits, and composition of fatty acids. The pigs were matched by BW and sex and chosen at random to 1 of 3 diet treatments: control = Basal diet; TRT1 = Basal diet + SGN 0.15%; TRT2 = Basal diet + SGN 0.30%%. The trials were conducted in two phases (weeks 1-5 and weeks 5-10). The average daily gain was increased in pigs fed a basal diet with SGN (p = 0.036) in weeks 5-10. However, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy did not differ among the treatments (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on NH₃, H₂S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acids, and CO₂ emissions (p > 0.05). Improvement in drip loss on day 7 (p = 0.053) and tendency in the cooking loss were observed (p = 0.070) in a group fed basal diets and SGN at 0.30% inclusion level. The group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN had higher levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), margaric acid (C17:0), omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio (p = 0.034, 0.020, 0.025, 0.007, and 0.003, respectively) in the fat of finishing pigs. Furthermore, group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN improved margaric acid (C17:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), omega 6 fatty acid, omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, unsaturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.037, 0.05, 0.0142, 0.036, 0.033, 0.020, and 0.045, respectively) in the lean tissues of finishing pigs compared to pigs fed with the control diets. In conclusion, the combination of probiotics, prebiotics, and glyconutrients led to higher average daily gain, improved the quality of pork, and more favorable fatty acid composition. Therefore, these results contributed to a better understanding of the potential of SGN combinations as a feed additive for pigs.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2004

균류발효물질의 사료가치를 평가하고 착유우 사료에 대한 발효물질 첨가가 in vitro 반추위액 발효상태 증진 효과를 규명하기 위하여 비발효(Unfermented; UF)구와 Formitella flaxinea(FF)와 Sarcodon aspratus(SA)에 의한 톱밥+소맥피 배양물 성분변화와 48시간 발효 후 소화율을 측정하고 기본유우사료 (Basal diet)에 이들 발효물을 0, 1, 3 및 5%를 첨가하여 in vitro 건물소화율, pH 및 용해성 당류의 변화 등을 규명하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 발효물의 영양소 함량변화는 Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)에서 차이가 크게 나타났는데 SA와 UF(80.4와 82.2%)가 FF(88.3%)에 비해 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). In vitro 반추위 소화시험(48시간)에서는 SA(21.2%)가 UF와 FF(17.9 및 12.2%)보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 2. 균류 첨가 사료에 대한 건물소화율을 발효 24시간에서 기본사료(44.98%)에 비하여 FF 1%(49.18%)에서 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 기타 균류첨가사료에서는 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 발효 48 및 72시간에서는 기본사료와 첨가사료간에 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 3. 반추위 pH는 발효 24시간 및 48시간에서 기본사료(6.64 및 6.91)에 비하여 첨가사료가 낮은 경향(5.37~6.01 및 6.04~6.07)을 보였으며 (P<0.05), 발효 72시간에서는 SA 1%(6.74)가 기본사료(6.41)에 대하여 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05) 기타 첨가구에서는 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 4. 가용성당 함량은 발효 24시간에서는 기본사료 첨가구에서 유의차가 보이지 않았으나 48시간은 기본사료(1.44%)에 비하여 SA 5%(1.71)에서 높게 나타났고 발효72시간에서는 기본사료(1.44%)에 비하여 첨가구사료(1.64~1.74%)가 모두 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 5. 이상의 결과로 보아 균류발효물질의 사료나 사료 첨가제로서 in vitro 반추위 소화율 증진 효과가 나타났고 가용성당함량 증가효과도 보였다. 따라서 앞으로 첨가제를 순수한 균사로만 분리 제조하면 효과가 더욱 증진될 것으로 기대되며 톱밥균류 발효물질 전체를 사료의 5%내에서 이용효과도 기대된다고 판단되었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2004

본 연구는 치어기 넙치 사료내 성장 및 면역 증강을 위한 사료 첨가제로서 송강약돌의 이용가능성을 알아보기 위해 성장실험, Ε. tarda복강주사에 의한 누적생존율 조사, Α. niger, Ρ. piilophilum, C. globosum에 대한 항곰파이 효과 실험이 실시되었다. 첫 번째 성장실험에서는 8주동안 평균무게 4.7$\pm$0.04g (mean$\pm$SD) 실험어를 40 L 사각 수조에 각 실험구 당 각각 25 마리씩 3반복으로 무작위 배치하여 실시하였다. 실험사료는 송강약들을 사료내 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%수준으로 첨가하여 제작되었으며, 일일 사료공급량은 어체중의 4∼5%를 1일 2회 공급하였다. 8주간의 실험결과, 성장률, 사료효율 등 성장효과에 대해서는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 헤모글로빈(4.66∼4.98 g/ 100 ㎗), 헤마토크리트(20.7∼24.7%), 총단백질(4.3∼4.6 g/㎗), 트리글리세라이드(327∼366mg/㎗), GOT (49.4∼50.3IU/L), GPT (14.2∼14.4IU/L)와 글루코스(37.3∼49.7 mg/㎗)함량에 있어서도 모든 실험구에서 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 전어체의 일반성분 조성에서도 유의차가 없었다. 두번째 Ε. tarda 복강주사에 의한 누적생존율 조사 실험은 박테리아 부유물을 0.1$m\ell$씩 복강 주사한 후 누적생존율을 기록하였다. 13일 후에 SGS$_{50}$ 은 72.7%의 생존율을 나타났으며, SGS$_{1.0}$ 은 22.2%, SGS$_{2.0}$ 은 16.7%, SGS$_{0}$ 은 0%의 누적생존율이 나타났다. 세 번째 실험은 Α. niger, Ρ. pinophiium, C. globosum에 대한 사료의 항 곰팡이 효과 실험이었다. 곰팡이 접종후, 4주 후에 사료내 송강약돌 첨가시 곰팡이의 성장을 인지 할 수 없었다. 따라서, 상기결과에 의하여 치어기 넙치에 있어서 사료내 송강약돌 0.5%첨가하였을때 성장 및 사료효율의 저하없이 질병저항성 및 항균제로서 좋은 효과를 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.