• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
• /
• v.51 no.11
• /
• pp.521-527
• /
• 2002

The Hemodialysis system is the device for the patients who have suffered from end stage renal failure as the kidney which removes the waste products in a human body. The existing hemodialysis is based on a 8-bit micro-controller and it is not a touch-screen type but a manual type. This paper is focused on hemodialysis system based on high control and expension embedded system. The whole system consists of main control unit and sub control unit(dialysis control unit, blood control unit, monitoring control unit, networking unit). The dialysis control unit, blood control unit, monitoring control unit are processed by 3 microcontrollers and network unit is for monitoring a renal failure patient's condition. For the evaluation of the system performance, the saline was pured into blood unit and then water removal rate, conductivity and temperature of hemodialysis liquid were measured 10 times in an each state suing the UF pump in the fluid unit varing the quantity of saline to 1000cc, 2000cc, 3000cc and 4000cc. As a result, the rates of water removal are 98.6% in condition of 000cc saline, 96.9% in 2000cc, 98.9% in 3000cc and 98.3% in 4000cc. The conductivities of hemodialysis liquid are 99.6% in the first to third condition and 99.7% in the forth condition. The temperatures of hemodialysis liquid are 99.8% in the first to third condition and 99.6% in th forth condition.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.376-383
• /
• 2008

High-flux dialysis treatment removes various toxins via diffusion as well as convection, which is induced by ultrafiltration and backfiltration. In this study, in vitro (Using the distilled water and the bovine's blood) comparison test was performed to determine whether utilization of a high flux dialyzer paired with different pumps would increase the efficiency of convection. At the same blood flow rates, a pulsatile pump and a roller pump were employed to propel the distilled water and bovine whole blood to a high flux dialyzer. Pressures at the dialyzer inlet and outlet in the blood circuit and in the dialysate circuit were measured, respectively. From these data, we calculated the transmembrane pressure and predicted the ultrafiltration and backfiltration rates developed by both pumps. Using the bovine's blood experiment, ultrafiltration and backfiltration rates were 1.6 times higher with the pulsatile pump than with the roller pump. We conclude that utilization of a pulsatile pump in high flux hemodialysis treatments increases ultrafiltration volume, compared with a roller pump under conditions of the same blood flow rate.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2015

A small-scale electro-dialysis system was constructed for domestic use. It is composed of six compartments in which five special polystyrene ionic membranes are housed. A series of experiments on the transport of sodium and chloride ions through polystyrene membranes was performed and the effects of electric current and voltage on the pH of water were investigated. This electrodialyser could reduce the NaCl content to an acceptable level (5307 mg/L) when water containing 9945 mg/L of sodium chloride is fed to the electrodialyser. The reduction was by the action of direct current 60 mA/100 mA when a 15 V / 20 V potential is maintained across the membrane. The results showed that the pH of the treated water attained a value in the range of 7-8, with the chloride concentration of 5307 mg/L when the voltage was in the range of 20 volts. This was achieved when two of the small-scale electro-dialysers were placed in series and the solutions from the respective compartments were mixed. This is considered useful because this complies to the requirement of drinking water standard both in terms of chloride and pH. Therefore, this type electrodialyserhas the potential for domestic uses in isolated houses where potable water supply is not available.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.584-590
• /
• 2009

A hot-water extract from fruit body of Auricularia auricula was purified by ethanol precipitation and subsequent dialysis. The polysaccharide showed a typical IR spectrum similar to $\beta$-glucan and was composed of glucose and mannose in a molar ratio of 16.8:83.2 indicating that it is a glucomannan. A glucomannan-like polysaccharide was also identified from Tremella fuciformis. Both of the polysaccahrides showed the presence of acetyl groups and presented colorimetric responses for $\beta$-1,4-glucomannan indicating the acetylated $\beta$-glucomannan similar to the typical polysaccharide found in Aloes.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1991.04a
• /
• pp.10-12
• /
• 1991

The first membrane technology applied in the Japanese industry was a. electro-dialysis(ED) process using ion-exchange meabranes. These membranes were first developed in early 50ties and the Japanese government decided to use this method for concentration of sea water to produce salt, which was then produced by solar evaporation. This development program started from 1960 by the Japan monopoly Coop. (at that time). To apply ED process for sea-water concentrat ion it was necessary to develop ion-exchange membranes having very low electric resistance to avoid energy loss due to Joule heat, and those having selectivity to permeate single valent ions only to avoid scale formation in the ED stacks. These Japanese companies, Asahi Glass, Asahi Chemical and Tokuyama Soda, have succeeded to develop such membranes, and until 1971 all of the seven salt manufacturing companies had adopted ED for production of food salt.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2009

The callus formation from inferior leaf of Aloe saponaria was induced in M & S medium supplemented with 10-30 ${\mu}M$ NAA (${\alpha}$-naphthalene acetic acid) and 3-7 ${\mu}M$ kinetin under incubation in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks. The hot water extract ($100^{\circ}C$, 24 hrs) from cultured callus was obtained and the components analysis for the extract were examined to determine the callus can synthesized the bioactive component such as Aloe polysaccharide. The freeze dried extract contained the sugar of 53.2%, protein of 7.3%, ash of 18.5% and water of 21% (w/w). Two fractions (Fr-I and Fr-II) were obtained by Sepharose CL-4B gel permeation chromatography and Fr-I, major fraction was further purified with dialysis. From sugar analysis by TLC and GC, the purified Fr-I fraction consisted of glucose (77.6%), galactose (17.7%), mannose (4.7%, w/w) and uronic acid (trace). The molecular weight of purified Fr-I fraction determined by GPC was about 110 kDa.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.31 no.1 s.57
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 1995

Glycation occurs by covalent binding between the carbonyl group of monosaccharides and the epsilon amino group of amino acid. It can alter the physiological function of proteins and causes the development of diabetic complications. In this study, the influence of glycation on protein binding of warfarin and dansylsarcosine was studied by equilibrium dialysis which was performed for 3 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ in the water bath. The high glycated albumin which contained $50{\pm}16%$ of glycated albumin bound less than natural albumin which contained $8.5{\pm}5.28%$ of glycated albumin, if drugs concentration were more than the albumin concentration. But only warfarin binding showed a significant difference of 6% (P<0.05) when the molar concentration ratio of warfarin per albumin was 3. In consideration of low therapeutic concentrations, low glycated albumin concentrations in the body, and rapid elimination of excessive free drugs, these small increaes of free warfarin concentrations by glycation of albumin are not considered as risk. factors for drug intoxication for diabetics, if renal functions are intact.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2010

The transport of selected salts of sulphuric acid (cobalt, copper, iron(II), manganese, nickel and zinc sulphate) through an anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN was investigated in a counter-current continuous dialyzer at various salt concentrations and volumetric liquid flow rates. The basic transport characteristics - the rejection coefficient of salt and the permeability of the membrane - were calculated from measurements at steady state. The salt concentration in model mixtures was changed in the limits from 0.1 to 1.0 kmol $m^{-3}$ and the volumetric liquid flow rate of the inlet streams was in the limits from $8{\times}10^{-9}$ to $24{\times}10^{-9}m^3\;s^{-1}$. Under the experimental conditions given, the rejection coefficient of salts tested was in the range from 65% to 94%. The lowest values were obtained for iron(II) sulphate, while the highest for copper sulphate. The maximum rejection of salt was reached at the highest volumetric liquid flow rate and the highest salt concentration in the feed. The permeability ($P_A$) of the Neosepta-AFN membrane for the individual salts was in the range from $0.49{\times}10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ to $1.8{\times}10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ and it can be described by the following series: $P_{FeSO_4}$ < $P_{NiSO_4}$ < $P_{ZnSO_4}$ < $P_{CoSO_4}$ < $P_{MnSO_4}$ < $P_{CuSO_4}$. The permeability of the membrane was strongly affected by the salt concentration in the feed - it decreased with an increasing salt concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.527-531
• /
• 2003

Hot-water extract from selected medicinal herbs of diabetes prescription was mixed with brown rice and pearled barley flours and extruded to prepare a reconstituted grain for diabetes millitus patients. Even though the cooked reconstituted grain containing medicinal herb extract was somewhat different from cooked ordinary rice in textural properties measured by texture analyzer, it was estimated to be organoleptically acceptable in sensory parameters. The reconstituted grain added with medicinal herb extract reduced the rate of dialysis of glucose evaluated by in vitro dialysis experiment. The effects of reconstituted grain diet on blood glucose levels in diabetes patients were studied during 3-week period. Compared to normal diet, the reconstituted grain diet for 2 weeks significantly decreased the fasting and 2-hr postprandial blood glucose levels in diabetes patients by 14% and 10%, respectively. These results suggested that the reconstituted grain could be used as an effective therapeutic diet for the control of diabetes mellitus.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 1998

Diffusion dialysis is a membrane process driven by concentration difference using ion-exchange membranes and has been employed for many years for the acid recovery from acidic waste generated in steel, metal-refining and dectro-plating industries. Theoretically acid flux increases in propomon to the acid concentration difference. At acid concentrations higher than 3 N HCl, however, the acid flux had not increased linearly with the concentration difference. In this paper the effects of acid concentrations on diffusion dialysis for hydrochloric acid recovery and the acid transport mechanism in an anion exchange membrane were studied by membrane sorption tests and diffusion clialysis cell tests. The experimental results showed that the molecular diffusion was a major transport mechanism in a low acid concentration range and the proton leakage through an anion exchange membrane played an important role at higher acid concentrations. Also osmotic water transport and membrane dehydration retarded the transport of protons and caused the permeate flux to decrease.