• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2010

실무 및 연구에 있어서 반복하중을 받는 콘크리트 벽체의 변형 및 저항능력 그리고 재료의 변형율 등을 정확하게 평가할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 비선형 트러스 부재를 이용하여 반복 횡하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 벽체 또는 철근콘크리트 면부재를 모델링 하였다. 콘크리트와 배근된 철근은 각각 수직, 수평 그리고 대각선 비선형 부재를 이용해 모델링 되었다. 본 논문에서는 높이/폭 비가 1.2인 벽체를 예제로 선택하여 실험의 결과와 비교하였다. 비교를 위하여 주대각선 부재의 경로에 따른 4가지의 형상과 대각선 부재들의 배열에 따른 3가지 형상이 채택되어 실험 결과와 가장 근사한 모델링의 선택을 위해 평가를 실시하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.711-718
• /
• 2010

콘크리트구조설계기준(2007)에서 제한하는 전단보강철근의 최대 항복강도와 ACI 318-08 기준식, EC2-02 기준식, CSA-04 기준식, JSCE-04 기준식에서 요구하는 전단보강철근의 최대 항복강도에는 많은 차이가 있다. 이 연구에서는 18개의 철근콘크리트 보 실험을 통하여 전단보강철근의 항복강도와 콘크리트의 압축강도가 부재의 전단거동에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 실험에 의하면 콘크리트구조설계기준(2007)에서 요구하는 전단보강철근의 최대 항복강도보다 최대 약 1.88배까지의 고강도 전단보강철근을 배근하였음에도 불구하고 실험결과는 전단보강철근이 항복한 이후에 부재가 최대 내력에 도달하였다. 또한 모든 실험체의 전단 내력은 전단보강철근의 양이 증가함에 따라서 거의 선형적으로 증가하였다. 사인장균열에 대해서는 전단보강철근의 항복강도가 증가함에 따라서 균열의 수가 증가하였고, 동일한 하중비에 대하여 보통강도 전단보강철근을 사용한 보의 사인장균열 폭과 고강도 전단보강철근을 사용한 보의 사인장균열 폭은 거의 유사하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2007

A mechanical model was developed to predict the behavior of point-loaded RC slender beams (a/d > 2.5) without stirrups. It is commonly accepted by most researchers that a diagonal tension crack plays a predominant role in the failure mode of these beams, but the failure mechanism of these members is still debatable. In this paper, it was assumed that diagonal tension failure was triggered by the concrete cover splitting due to the dowel action at the initial location of diagonal tension cracks, which propagate from flexural cracks. When concrete cover splitting occurred, the shape of a diagonal tension crack was simultaneously developed, which can be determined from the principal tensile stress trajectory. This fictitious crack rotates onto the crack tip with load increase. During the rotation, all forces acting on the crack (i.e, dowel force of longitudinal bars, vertical component of concrete tensile force, shear force by aggregate interlock, shear force in compression zone) were calculated by considering the kinematical conditions such as crack width or sliding. These forces except for the shear force in the compression zone were uncoupled with respect to crack width and sliding by the proposed constitutive relations for friction along the crack. Uncoupling the shear forces along the crack was aimed at distinguishing each force from the total shear force and clarifying the failure mechanism of RC slender beams without stirrups. In addition, a proposed method deriving the dowel force of longitudinal bars made it possible to predict the secondary shear failure. The proposed model can be used to predict not only the entire behavior of point-loaded RC slender shear beams, but also the ultimate shear strength. The experiments used to validate the proposed model are reported in a companion paper.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제10권sup3호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2016

This numerical study investigated the effects of different reinforcing details in beam-column joints on the blast resistance of the joints. Due to increasing manmade and/or natural high rate accidents such as impacts and blasts, the resistance of critical civil and military infrastructure or buildings should be sufficiently obtained under those high rate catastrophic loads. The beam-column joint in buildings is one of critical parts influencing on the resistance of those buildings under extreme events such as earthquakes, impacts and blasts. Thus, the details of reinforcements in the joints should be well designed for enhancing the resistance of the joints under the events. Parameters numerically investigated in this study include diagonal, flexural, and shear reinforcing steel bars. The failure mechanism of the joints could be controlled by the level of tensile stress of reinforcing steel bars. Among various reinforcing details in the joints, diagonal reinforcement in the joints was found to be most effective for enhancing the resistance under blast loads. In addition, shear reinforcements also produced favourable effects on the blast resistance of beam-column joints.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2022

This study is conducted to verify the seismic reinforcement effects of internally inserted buckling-restrained braces supported laterally by buckling-restrained rings for the seismic reinforcement of existing reinforced concrete buildings with non-seismic details. First, to evaluate the performance of KDS, the hysteretic characteristics of buckling-restrained braces are verified, and it is discovered that they satisfy the conformance criteria of the displacement-dependent damping device. Three full-scale, two-story reinforced concrete framework specimens are prepared to verify the seismic reinforcement effects, and the proposed buckling-restrained braces are bolstered with single diagonal and V-shaped braces to be compared with non-reinforced specimens. By performing a comparison with non-reinforced specimens that present intensive shear cracks at the bottom of first-floor columns, it is revealed that the maximum load and energy dissipation of specimens reinforced with the proposed buckling restrained braces, in which the structural damage extends evenly throughout the system, are approximately 4 and 6.2 times higher, respectively, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed seismic reinforcement method.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.497-507
• /
• 2024

In squat reinforced concrete walls, the displacement capacity for lateral deformation is low and the ability to resist the axial load can quickly be lost, generating collapse. This work consists of testing two squat reinforced concrete walls. One of the specimens is built with conventional detailing of reinforced concrete walls, while the second specimen is built applying an alternative design, including stirrups along the diagonal of the wall to improve its ductility. This solution differs from the detailing of beams or coupling elements that suggest building elements equivalent to columns located diagonally in the element. The dimensions of both specimens correspond to a wall with a low aspect ratio (1:1), where the height and length of the specimen are 1.4 m, with a thickness of 120 mm. The alternative wall included stirrups placed diagonally covering approximately 25% of the diagonal strut of the wall with alternative detailing. The walls were tested under a constant axial load of 0.1f'cAg and a cyclic lateral displacement was applied in the upper part of the wall. The results indicate that the lateral strength is almost identical between both specimens. On the other hand, the lateral displacement capacity increased by 25% with the alternative detailing, but it was also able to maintain the 3 complete hysteretic cycles up to a drift of 2.5%, reaching longitudinal reinforcement fracture, while the base specimen only reached the first cycle of 2% with rapid degradation due to failure of the diagonal compression strut. The alternative design also allows 46% more energy dissipation than the conventional design. A model was used to capture the global response, correctly representing the observed behavior. A parametric study with the model, varying the reinforcement amount and aspect ratio, was performed, indicating that the effectiveness of the alternative detailing can double de drift capacity for the case with a low aspect ratio (1.1) and a large longitudinal steel amount (1% in the web, 5% in the boundary), which decreases with lower amounts of longitudinal reinforcement and with the increment of aspect ratio, indicating that the alternative detailing approach is reasonable for walls with an aspect ratio up to 2, especially if the amount of longitudinal reinforcement is high.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.271-276
• /
• 2002

Existing design equations generally overestimate the shear strength of the circular transverse reinforcement. This is due to the simplification of the discrete distribution of the reinforcement to the continuous one and the inappropriate application of the classical truss model to the circular section, which is different in shear-resisting component from the rectangular section. The present study introduces a new model considering the starting point of the diagonal crack, the number of transverse reinforcing bars crossing the crack and the effective strength component of the transverse resistance. This model leads to a simple design equation which is derived using the linear regression method and is in agreement with the lower bound of exact strength curve.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2007

경사 보강근이 철근콘크리트 연속 깊은 보의 구조적 거동에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 내부 전단경간에 개구부를 갖는 연속 깊은 보 12개가 실험되었다. 주요 변수는 개구부 크기와 경사 보강근 양이다. 개구부 주위의 경사 보강근 양과 개구부 크기의 영향을 동시에 고려하기 위한 유효 경사 보강근 계수가 제시되었다. 실험 결과 개구부를 갖는 연속 깊은 보의 하중 분배, 경사균열 폭 및 치대 내력은 유효 경사 보강근 계수에 의해 결정되었다. 유효 경사 보강근 계수가 클수록 경사균열 폭 및 이들의 진전 속도는 낮았다. 특히 유효 경사 보강근 계수가 0.077 이상인 보의 최대 내력은 동일 개구부 없는 보의 것에 비해 높았다. 내부 전단경간에 개구부를 갖는 연속 깊은 보의 최대 내력을 평가하기 위하여 상계치 이론을 이용한 수치해석 모델이 제시되었다. 제시된 모델로부터 얻은 최대 내력은 실험 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.153-172
• /
• 2024

Due to the fast development of constructions in recent years, there has been a rapid consumption of fresh water and river sand. In the production of concrete, alternatives such as sea water and sea sand are available. The near surface mounted (NSM) technique is one of the most important methods of strengthening. Aluminum alloy (AA) bars are non-rusting and suitable for usage with sea water and sand concrete (SSC). The goal of this study was to enhance the shear behaviour of SSC-beams strengthened with NSM AA bars. Twenty-four RC beams were cast from fresh water river sand concrete (FRC) and SSC before being tested in four-point flexure. All beams are the same size and have the same internal reinforcement. The major factors are the concrete type (FRC or SSC), the concrete degree (C25 or C50 with compressive strength = 25 and 50 MPa, respectively), the presence of AA bars for strengthening, the direction of AA bar reinforcement (vertical or diagonal), and the AA bar ratio (0, 0.5, 1, 1.25 and 2 %). The beams' failure mechanism, load-displacement response, ultimate capacity, and ductility were investigated. Maximum load and ductility of C25-FRC-specimens with vertical and diagonal AA bar ratios (1%) were 100,174 % and 140, 205.5 % greater, respectively, than a matching control specimen. The ultimate load and ductility of all SSC-beams were 16-28 % and 11.3-87 % greater, respectively, for different AA bar methods than that of FRC-beams. The ultimate load and ductility of C25-SSC-beams vertically strengthened with AA bar ratios were 66.7-172.7 % and 89.6-267.9 % higher than the unstrengthened beam, respectively. When compared to unstrengthened beams, the ultimate load and ductility of C50-SSC-beams vertically reinforced with AA bar ratios rose by 50-120 % and 45.4-336.1 %, respectively. National code proposed formulae were utilized to determine the theoretical load of tested beams and compared to matching experimental results. The predicted theoretical loads were found to be close to the experimental values.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.795-803
• /
• 2004

현행 구조설계기준식에서는 취성적으로 파괴하는 최소전단보강철근 파괴를 방지하기 위하여 철근콘크리트 보에 최소전단보강철근을 배근하도록 규정하고 있다. 최소전단철근비는 콘크리트의 압축강도와 함께 주인장철근비와 전단경간비에 영향을 받는다. 이 연구에서는 주인장철근비와 전단경간비가 철근콘크리트 보의 최소전단철근비에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 14개의 철근콘크리트 보를 실험하였다. 실험에 의하면 전단 여유율은 주인장철근비가 증가할수록 증가하였고, 전단경간비가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 실험 결과는 ACI 318-02 기준식과 선행 연구의 제안식과 비교되었다.