• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.334-338
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• 2006

호남평야지 논토양의 대표토양인 전북통에서 벼 담 수직파재배시 토양물리성 개선과 진단시비로 쌀 안정생산을 위한 토양관리기술을 확립하고자 관행, 진단시비, 진단시비+퇴비+규산, 진단시비(LCU 70%)+심경, 진단시비(LCU 70%)+심토파쇄, 무질소구 등 6처리를 하여 2년간(1999~2000) 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 시험후 심토에서 물리성은 관행에 비하여 경도, 용적밀도, 고상이 낮아지고 공극률이 증가되었으며 그 정도는 심토파쇄>심경 순으로 양호하였다. 시험 후 토양의 화학성은 관행에 비하여 진단시비구, 완효성비료(LCU 70%) 시용 및 토양물리성 개선구에서 유기물함량, 규산함량 등이 증가하였다. 시비질소의 토양중 $NH_4-N$ 농도는 5엽기까지는 심경구에서 가장 높게 발현되었으며 관행 대비 LCU 70% 시용구에서 성숙기까지 발현량이 많았다. 시비질소의 흡수량은 관행에 비하여 진단시비(LCU 70%)+심경, 심토파쇄구에서 많았고 질소이용률도 높았다. 쌀수량은 관행($5.22Mg\;ha^{-1}$)대비 진단시비(LCU 70%)+심토파쇄구에서 8%, 진단시비(LCU 70%)+심경구에서 4% 증수되었으며, 증수요인은 $m^2$당 입수가 많고 등숙률이 높았던 것에 기인한 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1991

We compared fertilizing potential measurements by the zona-free hamster egg penetration assay with the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program was evaevulated for their ability to fertilize zona free hamster egg. Spermatozoa from 12 presumeably fertile donors and from the male partners of 56 infertile couples were evaluated for their ability to fertilizing potentials. Penertration rates of fertile donors were $36.2{\pm}27.7%$ ; Fertilization rates of infertile couples between with normal semen parameters and with abnormal semen parameters were $28.7{\pm}19.1$, $5.7{\pm}8.9%$, respectively. Sperm motility of couples with penetration rates between on 15-30% and on 30> were $54.1{\pm}4.6$, $55.5{\pm}8.3%$ respectively. Hamster penetration rates of couples participating in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program was $38.9{\pm}29.9%$. But in one case, a positive fertility assessment was obtained in the absence of fertilization of the wife's eggs attributable to egg immaturity. This method may have potential value as a diagnostic tool in evaluation human sperm fertilization capacity which avoids the ethical and logistical problems associated with fertilizing of human eggs in vitro.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.254-260
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• 1999

본 연구(硏究)는 호남평야지(湖南平野池) 논토양(土壤)의 대표토양(代表土壤)인 전북통(全北統)에서 벼 무논골뿌림직파물리성개선(直播物理性改善) 및 진단시비(診斷施肥)에 의한 쌀 안정(安定) 증수방법(增收方法)을 구명(究明)하고자 관행(慣行), 진단시비(診斷施肥), 진단시비(診斷施肥)+심경(深耕), 심토파쇄(心土破碎), 진단시비(診斷施肥)(LCU80%) + 심토파쇄(深土破碎), 무질소구(無窒素區) 등(等) 6처리(處理)로 하여 2년간(年間)('97~'98)에 걸쳐 검토(檢討)한 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 심경(深耕) 및 심토파쇄시(心土破碎時) 관행(慣行)에 비하여 경도(硬度), 용적밀도(容積密度)가 낮아지고 공극률(孔隙率)이 증가(增加)하여 물리성(物理性) 개선효과(改善效果)가 현저하였으며 화학성분중(化學成分中) 유기물(有機物), 인산(燐酸), 가리함량(加里含量)이 크게 증가(增加)하였다. 시비질소(施肥窒素)의 토양중(土壤中) $NH_4-N$ 용출량(溶出量)은 관행대비(慣行對比) 진단시비(診斷施肥) + 사양물리성개선구(士壤物理性改善區)에서 크게 증가(增加)하였으며, 시비질소(施肥窒素)의 흡수량(吸收量)과 이용률(利用率)은 진단시비(診斷施肥)(LCU80% 전량기비(全量基肥))+심토파쇄구(心土破碎區)에서 가장 많았으며 엽색(葉色)과 경엽중(莖葉中) 질소농도(窒素濃度)는 관행(慣行)에 비하여 진단시비(診斷施肥)+토양특리성개선구(土壤特理性改善區)에서 최고분벽기(最高分蘗期)부터 출수기(出穗期)기까지 높았으며 이들 상호간(相互間)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 쌀수량(收量)은 관행(慣行)보다 진단시비(診斷施肥) 6%, 진단시비(診斷施肥) + 심경구(深耕區) 18%가 증수(增收)하였으나 진단시비(診斷施肥)(LCU80% 전량기비(全量基肥))+심토파쇄구(心土破碎區)에서 23%가 증수(增收)되었고 시비효율(施肥效率)도 가장 높았다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

One of the key factors of early development is the specification of competence between the oocyte and the sperm, which occurs during gametogenesis. However, the starting point, growth, and maturation for acquiring competence during spermatogenesis and oogenesis in mammals are very different. Spermatogenesis includes spermiogenesis, but such a metamorphosis is not observed during oogenesis. Glycosylation, a ubiquitous modification, is a preliminary requisite for distribution of the structural and functional components of spermatids for metamorphosis. In addition, glycosylation using epididymal or female genital secretory glycans is an important process for the sperm maturation, the acquisition of the potential for fertilization, and the acceleration of early embryo development. However, nonemzymatic unexpected covalent bonding of a carbohydrate and malglycosylation can result in falling fertility rates as shown in the diabetic male. So far, glycosylation during spermatogenesis and the dynamics of the plasma membrane in the process of capacitation and fertilization have been evaluated, and a powerful role of glycosylation in spermatogenesis and early development is also suggested by structural bioinformatics, functional genomics, and functional proteomics. Further understanding of glycosylation is needed to provide a better understanding of fertilization and embryo development and for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for infertility.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 동결정액을 활용한 농가에서 사육중인 교잡종 염소의 인공수정 효율을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 교잡종 염소들의 인공수정을 위하여 전기자극을 주어 정액을 채취한 후 동결정액을 조제하고 정자농도, 정자활력, 융해 후 정자의 활력을 조사하였다. 그 결과 교잡종 염소 수컷의 개통별 정액채취량은 2.5~3 ml 내외였고 정액의 농도는 21~25 × 10⁸/ml로 나타났다. 동결된 정액을 융해 하였을 때 정자의 활력도 90% 이상으로 높게 나타났다. 동결정액을 활용하여 교잡종 염소 사육 3 농가에서 인공수정을 실시한 후 임신진단 키트(IDEXX Rapid Visual Pregnancy Test kit)로 임신유무를 조기에 진단한 결과 각 농가별 인공수정 후 수태률은 A농장 45%, B농장 50%, C농장 68%로 조사되었다. 또한 인공수정 후 약 150일 후 출산한 교잡종 염소들의 번식성적을 조사한 결과 C농장이 68%로 분만율이 가장 높게 조사 되었고 A농장이 45%로 가장 낮게 조사되었다. 일반적으로 인공수정 후 수태율과 분만율은 약간의 차이가 나타나는 경향이 있는데 본 실험에서는 인공수정 후 임신을 조기에 진단한 결과와 분만된 개체의 분만율이 동일하게 조사되었다. 본 연구의 결과 동결정액을 활용한 교잡종 염소의 인공수정시 농가별 효율의 차이는 있으나 인공수정 효율이 45~68% 범위로 조사되었다. 본 연구결과는 일반 염소 사육 농가뿐만 아니라 축산연구기관에서 염소의 개량과 번식을 위한 기초 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.2-12
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• 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that carry bioactive cargoes of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs between living cells. Their role in cellular communication has gained the attention of several research reports globally in the last decade. EVs are critically involved in sperm functions, oocyte functions, fertilization, embryonic development, and pregnancy. The review summarizes the state-of-the-art of EVs research in the diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) potentials of the EVs during the pregnancy that might provide a solution for gestational disturbances such as implantation failure, maternal health problems, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. EVs can be found in all biological fluids of the fetus and the mother and would provide a non-invasive and excellent tool for diagnostic purposes. Moreover, we provide the current efforts in manufacturing and designing targeted therapeutics using synthetic and semi-synthetic nanovesicles mimicking the natural EVs for efficient drug delivery during pregnancy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1992

By means of the results of In vitro fertilization(IVF) of supernumerary oocytes, the possibility of predicting a pregnancy outcome following gamete intrafallopian transfer(GIFT) and the prognostic implications for future pregnancy were evaluated in 46 GIFT cycles excluding simultaneous program of GIFT and IVF from February, 1989 to July, 1991. IVF of supernumerary oocytes were identified in 21 cycles, but not in remaining 25 cycles. There was no significant difference in age, duration and etiologic factors of infertility, and serum levels of FSH, LH and $E_2$ on MCD #3 and $E_2$ on the day of hCG injection between fertilized(N=21) and unfertilized group(N=25). The number of oocytes retrieved was similar in both groups. The number of supernumerary oocytes available for IVF after transfer was $5.43{pm}2.95$ ranging from 2 to 12. The prenancy rate in fertilized group, 33.3%(7/21), was higher without statistical significance, compared with 8.0%(2/25) in unfertilized group. Using IVF of supernumerary oocytes as a test of pregnancy following GIFT, sensitivity was 77.8 %; specificity, 61.2%; positive predictive value(PPV), 33.3%; negative predictive value(NPV), 92%. The fertilization rate of supernumerary oocytes in pregnant group, $86.4{\pm}22.8%$ was significantly higher compared with $56.1{\pm}20.2%$ in nonpregnant group. In cases with fertilization rate ${\geq}80%$, pregnancy was expected with PPV of 85.7%. In conclusion, IVF of supernumerary oocytes in GIFT program can be a profitable method as a prognostic indicator of pregnancy following GIFT. More aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic measures should be performed in cases with failure in IVF of supernumerary oocytes.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.300-317
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• 2020

Purpose: Hysteroscopy can be used both to diagnose and to treat intrauterine pathologies. It is well known that hysteroscopy helps to improve reproductive outcomes by treating intrauterine pathologies. However, it is uncertain whether hysteroscopy is helpful in the absence of intrauterine pathologies. This study aimed to confirm whether hysteroscopy improves the reproductive outcomes of infertile women without intrauterine pathologies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of 11 studies retrieved from Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent investigators extracted the data and used risk-of-bias tools (RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I) to assess their quality. Results: Diagnostic hysteroscopy prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was associated with a higher clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) than non-hysteroscopy in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) (odds ratio, 1.79 and 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-2.30 and 1.08-1.97 for CPR and LBR, respectively) while hysteroscopy prior to first IVF was ineffective. The overall meta-analysis of LBR showed statistically significant findings for RIF, but a subgroup analysis showed effects only in prospective cohorts (odds ratio, 1.40 and 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-3.16 and 1.04-2.07 for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohorts, respectively). Therefore, the LBR should be interpreted carefully and further research is needed. Conclusion: Although further research is warranted, hysteroscopy may be considered as a diagnostic and treatment option for infertile women who have experienced RIF regardless of intrauterine pathologies. This finding enables nurses to educate and support infertile women with RIF prior to IVF/ICSI.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1989

An in vitro fertilization assay employing zona-free hamster embryos was used to investigate human spermatozoal fertilitzing ability. Yanaghimarchi et al.(1976) first introduced this cross species fertilzation technique, with its application as a diagnostic tool for male infertility. Human spermatozoa were preincubated for 3 to 4 hrs in B W W medium at concentration of $4{\times}10^6$ sperm/ml prior to the addition to zona-free hamster embryos. After 3 hrs, human sperm was evaluated for fertilizing potential by the presence of swelling or decondencing sperm head in the cytoplasm. The results of penetration rates for sperm were as follow : 1. The average penetration rate of a 7 fertile donor group was $47.8{\pm}27.67%$(Range 14.3-98.0%) 2. The average penetration rate of 12 infertile patients with normal semen analysis was $21.7{\pm}26.9%$(Range 0-38.8%) 3. The average penetration rate of 10 infertile patients with semen abnormalities was $6.1{\pm}8.1%$(Range 0-25%)

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2009

Oryzias dancena의 난발생 과정과 자치어의 형태발달에 관하여 관찰하였다. 수온 $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 수정란은 수정 후 1시간이 경과하면 배반이 형성되었다가 30분의 간격으로 4세포기까지 난할이 이루어졌다. 이후로 발생의 속도가 느려져 수정 후, 7시간 45분이 경과된 후 포배기에 이르렀다. 수정 후 5시간 30분 후에 상실기에 도달하였으며, 포배기는 수정 후 7시간 45분 후에 이루어졌다. 수정 후 11시간 30분이 경과된 후 낭배기에 이르렀고, 수정 후 1일 6시간 후, 신경배를 형성하였다. 심장 박동이 시작되는 시기는 수정 후 2일 4시간째에 이루어졌으며, 수정 후 6일 12시간째 장기에 혈관이 형성되었다. 수정 후 11일째에 부화하였고, 부화 직후 자어는 전장이 $4.40{\pm}0.24mm$였으며, 부화 3일 후에 난황이 완전히 흡수되어 후기 자어기로 이행하였다. 부화 후 21일째에 각 지느러미 기조가 완전하게 형성되어 치어기로 이행하였으며, 이 때 전장은 $8.67{\pm}0.87mm$였다. 최초 산란이 이루어지는 시기는 부화 후 9주째로 전장은 $22.58{\pm}2.73mm$였다.