• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2000

The level of plasticizer such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-propyl phthalate (DprP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-n-pentyl phthalate (DPP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) was determined in disposable sanitary gloves. Samples of disposable sanitary gloves were taken at retail shops, and their overall extractions in carbon tetrachloride were measured, after establishment of soxhlet appratus in 6 hours. All of 8 samples of disposable sanitary gloves at retail shops were polyethylene (PE). All of the manufactures was voluntarily labelled their boxes of gloves in line Korea Food Code. The level of phthalate esters and DEHA in all of 8 samples were not exceed the detection limit. The detection limits of DEP, DprP, DBP, DPP, BBP, DEHP, DCHP and DEHA were 1.8, 1.9, 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, 0.7, 2.1 and 0.8 mg/L, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 2003

To investigate biomarker-based exposure to phthalates and related factors with demographics, 100 subjects who had participated in comprehensive health check-up were selected. We collected demographics through questionnaires and analyzed urine samples for 5 phthalates. Statistical likelihoods and regression methods were applied for data analysis using censored data. The highest levels of urine phthalates were 216$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in di-isodecyl phthalate, 29.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in di-butyl phthalate, 5.78$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The median values of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were 0.2340 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for male smokers, 0.0399 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for male non-smokers and 0.0085 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for female non-smokers, respectively. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate were higher in males than in females. In addition, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate was decreased with age. Our findings suggest that there might be significant demographic variations in exposure and/or metabolism of phthalates, and that health-risk assessment for phthalate exposure in humans should consider different potential risk groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2002

Effects of antioxidant vitamins were investigated in di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced endocrine disruption toxicity. After rats were treated with DEHP, and vitamin C and vitamin E were supplemented for 30 days.(omitted)

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.451-458
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• 2002

Determination were performed for the presence of three common environmental endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), namely nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in sewage sludge from 67 wastes plants, using Soxhlet extraction and GC/MS-SIM. NP and DEHP were detected in almost every sludges but OP was not detected. The range and mean value for NP of all sludge samples were nd~593, $62{\mu}g/g$ dry and the two statistic values for DEHP of those were 13~4733, $1176{\mu}g/g$ dry respectively. DEHP content was 20 times greater than NP in sludges. Concentrations of NP and DEHP in sludge from individual area were increased as following order ; Jeolla South and North Province (Cheju) < Chungcheong South and North Province (Kwangwon) < Gyungsang South and North Province < Wide City < Kyunggi Province.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.50-50
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.128-128
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• 2003

There are many synthetic chemicals, such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), used in chemical reaction processes in industry. The establishment of toxicity and detection of synthetic chemicals that may pose a genetic hazard in our enviornment is subjects of great concern at present.(omitted)

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.178-182
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• 2003

The thermal decomposition of phthalate alone and with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in a 4-necked separable flask. The thermal decomposition of phthalate in the presence of PVC began at 150$^{\circ}$, about 10$0^{\circ}C$ lower than the decomposition of phthalate alone. The formation of octyl chloride indicated an interaction reaction between phthalate and PVC. From the analysis of the composition of commercially plasticized PVC sheet (film and board), the phthalates (dibutyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, phthalic anhydride, and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate were identified. The mutage-nicities of these decomposition products were higher than those of phthalic diesters (phthalates).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2020

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μM (PM_2.5) is one of the major environmental pollutants. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an endocrine disrupting chemical in PM_2.5, has been utilized for the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride to increase the flexibility of final products. In the present study, we investigated the ecotoxicological effect of DEHP on the viability of skin keratinocytes (HaCaT). DEHP induced apoptotic cell death mediated by phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase through the production of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Interestingly, we found that DEHP induces the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B responsible for the expression of cleaved caspase-3 as an executional cell death protease in HaCaT cells. On the basis of these results, we suggest that DEHP in PM_2.5 induces the apoptotic death of human keratinocytes via ROS-mediated signaling events.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2003

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2001

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used phthalate ester in polyvinyl chloride formulations including food packing and storage of human blood. DEHP is a well known as non-genotoxic carcinogen and endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). DEHP have shown all negative results in ICH-guildeline recommended standard genotoxicity test battery. In this study, to assess the clastogenic and DNA damaging effect in human-derived tissue specific cells, DEHP was treated in human derived MCE-7 cells, HepG2 cells, LNCap cells, BeWo cells, MCE-10A cells, and female peripheral blood cells using micronucleus assay and in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells up to $1.28$\times$10^{-2}$ M using Comet assay. The in vitro micronucleus assay is a mutagenicity test system for the detection of chemicals which induce the formation of small membrane bound DNA fragment i.e. micronuclei in the cytoplasm of interphase cells, originated from clastogenic and/or aneugenic mechanism. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) is used to detect DNA strand-breaks and alkaline labile site. In our results, DEHP increased significantly and/or dose-depentently and time-dependently micronucleus frequency at the 6 and 24 hr without metabolic activation system only in MCE-7 cells. DEHP treated with 2 hrs in MCF-7 cells using Comet assay induced DNA damage dose-depentantly.