• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1983

The experimental investication wax performed to study fitness of casting crowns with various investment widely used in Korea. 36 wax patterns were invested and casted according to the regular casting method. The result were as follow : 1. Casting with cristobalite investments of Shofu were seen apart, 0.04mm the tightest space in the linguo and bucco-cervical margin. And the largest deviation, 0.1mm was shown in the central groove 0.1mm was shown in the central groove area of occlusal surface(Jensen Metal) 2. Casting with cristobalite investments of kerr were seen apart, 0.04mm the tightest space in the linguo and bucco-cervical margin And the largest deviation, 0.09 was shown in the central groove area of occlusal surface(Jensen Metal) 3. Casting with Quartz investments of G-C were seen apart, 0.04mm the tightest space in the linguo-cervical margin, And the largest deviation, 0.1mm was shown in the central groove area of occlusal surface(Jensen Metal) 4. Casting with cristobalite investments of shofu were seen apart, 0.01mm the tightest space in the linguo-cervical margin, And the largest deviation, 0.03mm was shown in the central groove of occusal surface(Bo-sung A type gold alloy) 5. Casting with cristobalite investments of kerr showed the best fintness in linguo-cervical margin. And the largest deviation, 0.02mm was shown in the central groove area of occlusal surface(Bosung A type gold alloy) 6. Casting with Quartz investments of G-C were Seen apart, 0.02mm the tightest space in the linguo-cervical margin, And the largest deviation, 0.04mm was shown in the central groove area of occlusal surface(Bo-sung A type gold alloy) 7. Casting with cristobalite investments of shofu were seen apart, 0.01mm the tightest space in the linguo-cervical margin. And the largest deviation, 0.08mm was shown in the buccal cusp area of occlusal surface(Bo-sung B type gold alloy) 8. Casting with cristobalite investments of kerr shown the best fitness in linguo-cervical margin. And the largest deviation, 0.04mm was shown in the central groove atea of occlusal surface(Bosung B type gold alloy) 9. Casting with Quartz investments of G-C were seen apart, 0.03mm the tightest space in the linguo-cervical margin. And the largest deviation, 0.04mm was shown in the central groove area of occlusal surface(Bo-sung B type gold alloy) 10. Casting with cristobalite investments of kerr shown the best fitness and Bo-sung A type gold alloy showed the best fitness.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

Purpose: Facial asymmetry has been measured by the severity of deviation of the menton (Me) on posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to compare PA cephalograms and 3D CT regarding the severity of Me deviation and the direction of the Me. Materials and Methods: PA cephalograms and 3D CT images of 35 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery (19 males and 16 females, with an average age of $22.1{\pm}3.3years$) were retrospectively reviewed in this study. By measuring the distance and direction of the Me from the midfacial reference line and the midsagittal plane in the cephalograms and 3D CT, respectively, the x-coordinates ($x_1$ and $x_2$) of the Me were obtained in each image. The difference between the x-coordinates was calculated and statistical analysis was performed to compare the severity of Me deviation and the direction of the Me in the two imaging modalities. Results: A statistically significant difference in the severity of Me deviation was found between the two imaging modalities (${\Delta}x=2.45{\pm}2.03mm$, p<0.05) using the one-sample t-test. Statistically significant agreement was observed in the presence of deviation (k=0.64, p<0.05) and in the severity of Me deviation (k=0.27, p<0.05). A difference in the direction of the Me was detected in three patients (8.6%). The severity of the Me deviation was found to vary according to the imaging modality in 16 patients (45.7%). Conclusion: The measurement of Me deviation may be different between PA cephalograms and 3D CT in some patients.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제27호
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• pp.417-446
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• 2009

본 연구는 청소년 일탈에 대해 유교가 지니고 있는 도덕과 윤리에 근거하여 예방적 차원은 어떠한지 검토한 것이다. 청소년 일탈의 문제는 쉽게 해결할 수 있는 것이 아니다. 일탈은 언제나 존재하고 있기 때문에 그것을 최소화하고 예방할 수 있는 방식을 고려하는 것이 중요하다. 한국 전통 사회에서 유교는 청소년에게 도덕적 교화와 계몽을 강조함으로서 예방 차원의 교육을 중시한다. 그 기본 전제는 청소년의 특성을 회복하는 일이 되어야 한다. 훌륭한 프로그램도 필요하고 다양한 관심도 좋지만 유교적 의미에서 볼 때, 동몽에 대한 이해와 인식이 급선무이고, 절문(節文) 교육을 현대적 차원에서 고려할 수 있어야 한다. 특히 청소년들에게 인간의 보편적 도리가 무엇인지, 어떤 덕을 지녀야 하는지, 그에 대한 자기 깨달음을 줄 수 있는 현대 도덕의 기준이 요청된다. 그것은 민주주의적 행동양식과 시민사회의 공공질서, 사람과 사람 사이의 건전한 관계망을 고려해야 한다. 다시 말하면 청소년의 올바른 길(道)을 제시해야 하고, 청소년이 체득해야 할 덕목(德)을 확인해야 한다. 청소년 일탈은 그런 가운데 새로운 삶의 세계를 경험하면서, 일탈로부터 도피(逃避)하거나 예방적 차원을 고민할 수 있다. 이에 본고는 현재 한국 청소년들에게 나타나는 일탈의 이미지와 유형, 대응의 방식을 살펴봄으로써, 문제 상황의 수준을 이해하였다. 그리고 유교적 가치에 기초한 전통 사회에서 청소년은 어떻게 인식되었는지, 그들에게 적용했던 도덕규범과 교육의 과정을 분석하였다. 특히 『중용』에 드러나는 유교의 도덕 개념을 통해, 청소년 일탈을 예방할 수 있는 도덕교육의 가능성을 모색하였다. 이는 청소년 일탈과 연관해 볼 때, 유교가 지닌 도덕과 윤리가 일탈을 예방하거나 윤리교육의 지평을 고민할 수 있도록 도와준다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.6929-6934
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• 2015

Background: Real life management of hepatocellular carcinoma occasionally deviates from guidelines for recommended therapy. Aims: To evaluate how frequent this deviation happens in our center and assess its impact on outcome. Materials and Methods: The treatment of 770 patients (87% males, mean age 57.8 years) was analyzed and the effect of deviation on outcome over 36 months was examined. Results: Of Barcelona Clinic liver cancer stages 0 and A patients, 65.8% received resection, ablation, liver transplantation or transarterial chemoembolisation for unresectable tumors more than 5 cm in diameter, and 34.2% received treatment recommended for later stages. Of stage B patients, 62.2% received recommended therapy, 34.3% of patients received supportive therapy or sorafenib and 3.5% received upward treatment stage migration. Among stage C patients, 7.6% received sorafenib, and most (79.2%) were given supportive care. Deviation from recommended therapy occurred in 34.2%, 37.7%, and 92.4% in stages 0-A, B and C. Survival of stage 0-A patients who received downwards treatment stage migration was lower than those who received recommended treatment (p <0.001). Upward treatment stage migration in stages B, C and D did not improve survival compared to those who received recommended treatment. Conclusions: Deviation from recommended therapy had a negative impact on survival in Barcelona Clinic liver cancer stage A patients.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.515-529
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• 2017

EnergyPlus, which is widely used in various fields, provides Simple Window Model, a window model that can be used practically. However, the results of building load using the model are different from those of the standard model. The main cause of the deviation by Simple Window Model was analyzed to be due to the assumption that all windows were considered as single layer. The purpose of this study is to propose a window model that improves the cause of deviation by Simple Window Model and can be easily calculated from the algebraic relations. The proposed window model solved the heat balance equation algebraically by using seven window characteristic coefficients. The coefficient relationships consisted of the heat transmission coefficient and solar heat gain coefficient as input parameters make practical use and calculation possible. As a result of comparing the deviation between each window model by implementing the dynamic analysis method, the proposed window model showed that the deviation of the total heating/cooling energy consumption was reduced to 1/3 compared to Simple Window Model for one year. Although the maximum energy consumption did not show any significant improvement, the indoor temperature evaluation showed significantly reduced deviation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.502-505
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• 2005

e-러닝에서 멀티미디어콘텐트의 사용이 증가함에 따라 e-러닝 시스템에서 제공하는 콘텐트의 크기 편차가 증가하고 있으며, 이는 e-러닝 사용자에 대한 응답시간의 편차를 크게 하여 학습의 효율성을 떨어뜨리는 요인이 되고 있다. 따라서 멀티미디어콘텐트를 활용한 e-러닝 시스템에서 사용자의 응답시간 편차 개선에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 e-러닝 사용자의 응답시간의 편차를 줄이는 것이며 이를 위해 다중 계층 구조의 혼합형 e-러닝 시스템을 설계하였다. 또한 실험을 통해 편차 개선을 확인하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.383-395
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• 2018

An accurate determination of wind speed distribution is the basis for an evaluation of the wind energy potential required to design a wind turbine, so it is important to estimate unknown parameters of wind speed distribution. In this paper, Gumbel distribution is used in modelling wind speed data, and alternative robust estimation methods to estimate its parameters are considered. The methodologies used to obtain the estimators of the parameters are least absolute deviation, weighted least absolute deviation, median/MAD and least median of squares. The performances of the estimators are compared with traditional estimation methods (i.e., maximum likelihood and least squares) according to bias, mean square deviation and total mean square deviation criteria using a Monte-Carlo simulation study for the data with and without outliers. The simulation results show that least median of squares and median/MAD estimators are more efficient than others for data with outliers in many cases. However, median/MAD estimator is not consistent for location parameter of Gumbel distribution in all cases. In real data application, it is firstly demonstrated that Gumbel distribution fits the daily mean wind speed data well and is also better one to model the data than Weibull distribution with respect to the root mean square error and coefficient of determination criteria. Next, the wind data modified by outliers is analysed to show the performance of the proposed estimators by using numerical and graphical methods.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.137-141
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• 2006

선박용 디지털 컴퍼스를 사용하는 경우 선박의 진방위를 획득하기 위해서는 고정밀도의 자차와 편차가 필요하다. 편차는 지구자장의 주 자장과 경년변화에 대한 구면 지구 조화 모델을 이용한 WMM(World Magnetic Model)으로 예측 가능하였고, 자차는 포아송 방정식을 적용한 자차계수 합성과 분석 방법을 적용한 방법을 이용하여 획득 가능하였다. 실습선 '새누리호' 항해 중 디지털 컴퍼스에 편차와 자차를 가해준 결 과 정확한 진방위 획득이 가능하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.858-865
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• 2014

In the case of system like MES, various sensors collect the data in real time and save it as a big data to monitor the process. However, if there is big data mining in distributed computing system, whole processing process can be improved. In this paper, system to analyze the cause of operation deviation was built using the big data which has been collected from deasphalting process at the two different plants. By applying multivariate statistical analysis to the big data which has been collected through MES(Manufacturing Execution System), main cause of operation deviation was analyzed. We present the example of analyzing the operation deviation of deasphalting process using the big data which collected from MES by using multivariate statistics analysis method. As a result of regression analysis of the forward stepwise method, regression equation has been found which can explain 52% increase of performance compare to existing model. Through this suggested method, the existing petrochemical process can be replaced which is manual analysis method and has the risk of being subjective according to the tester. The new method can provide the objective analysis method based on numbers and statistic.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1995

In recent years, the rapid development of the machine tool and tough insert has made metal removal rates increase, and automatic system without human supervision requires a higher degree reliability of machining process. Therefore the control of chips is one of the important topics which deserves much attention. The chip classification was made based upon standard deviation of the mean cutting force measured by a tool dynamometer. STS304was chosen as the workpiece which is known as the difficult-to-cut material and mainly saw-toothed chip produced, and the chip type according to the standard deviation of mean cutting force was classified into five categories in this experiment. Long continuous type chip which interrupts the normal cutting process, and damages the operator, tool and workpiece has low standard deviation value, while short broken type chip, which is favourable chip for disposal, has relatively large standard deviation value. In addition, we investigated the possibility that the chip type can be predicted analyzing the relationship between chip type and cutting condition by the trained neural network, and obtained favourable results by which the chip type can be predicted with cutting conditon before cutting process.