• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.30-52
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the duties of teachers working at secondary level technical vocational education institutes, and analyze job importance, difficulty and frequency of performance perceived by teachers. For deducing the duties of teachers working at secondary level technical vocational education institutes, they were theoretically devised by reviewing related legislations & regulations and domestic & overseas literatures. The devised duties were reviewed by 16 current teachers and 3 education experts to be revised and supplemented to complete the job model. Based on this, development of research tool was finalized, and questionnaires were used as the research tool. The results of this study are as follow. First, the job categories of teachers working at secondary level technical vocational education institutes consisted of 7 categories that are subject instruction, student instruction, class management, curriculum organization & administration, school affairs & administrative duties, PR & field practical training and expertise enhancement. Based on the CFA, they consisted of 46 sub-factors in 10 categories with 3 categories of lesson preparation & planning, lesson administration and academic evaluation for subject instruction, and 2 categories of extracurricular student guidance and school life guidance for student instruction, and class management, curriculum organization & administration, school affairs & administrative duties, PR & field practical training and expertise enhancement. Second, job importance perceived by teachers working at secondary level technical vocational education institutes was found to be high overall with 4.10, while above average in difficulty with 3.45 and average in frequency of performance with 3.12 (1-3 times a month). As for categories with high job importance, they were found to be in the order of academic evaluation (4.32), lesson preparation & planning (4.28), expertise enhancement (4.27), lesson administration (4.26), school life guidance (4.25), class management (4.17) and PR & field practical training (4.12). In regards to categories with high job difficulty, they were found to be in the order of PR & field practical training (4.07), curriculum organization & administration (3.73), expertise enhancement (3.55), school life guidance (3.48), academic evaluation (3.35) and extracurricular student guidance (3.22). As for categories with high frequency of job performance, they were found to be in the order of class management (3.88), lesson administration (3.77), school life guidance (3.52), school affairs & administrative duties (3.40) and lesson preparation & planning (3.17).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2017

The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of soil water content on the growth, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Kimchi cabbage and to evaluate proper parameters for development of growth models. There were five levels of irrigation amount treatments (0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mL/d/plant) and those were commenced at one day after transplanting (DAT). We measured soil water content, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis characteristics, and the A-Ci curve. The growth of Kimchi cabbage as affected by irrigation amount was evaluated at 38 days after transplanting, however, the growth with 0 and 200 mL/d/plant irrigation amount treatments measured at 29 DAT. The relationship between soil water content and stomatal conductance was highly correlated ($r^2=0.999$) and the function represented by y = 6097.4x - 4.2984. The stomatal conductance of Kimchi cabbage leaves showed $300mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ when the soil water content was below $0.05m^3/m^3$. The stomatal conductance was rapidly decreased by scarcity of soil moisture. A-Ci curve indicated normal curve in fully irrigation treatment (500 mL/d/plant), however, $CO_2$ couldn't diffuse through the intercellular Kimchi cabbage leaves treated with 0 mL/d/plant. The dry weight of full irrigation treatment was greater approximately 6.8 times than that of deficit irrigation (0 mL/d/plant). In addition, leaf area index showed a logarithmic function (y = 16.573 + 3.398 ln x) with soil water content and that of R-squared represents 0.913. Results indicated that the soil water content was highly correlated with stomatal conductance and leaf area index. Indeed, the scarcity soil moisture reduced photosynthesis and retarded growth.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.245-259
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• 2020

The development of technology and the advent of a non-face-to-face society are expected to have a direct impact on job problems. In line with this phenomenon, the government and education and training institutions are coping with job problems through the start-up support policy while at the same time inducing the creation of innovative companies. In particular, youth start-up support can be expected not only to compensate for market failures, but also to promote high-growth start-ups. Based on this background of research, this study examined the competency of young entrepreneurs to start their own businesses, their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and their impact on success and satisfaction of start-ups. Based on the theoretical research, the research theory and research model were derived by setting entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a mediating variable after reviewing the relation between the main elements of start-up competency of young start-up entrepreneurs and start-up performance. The Youth Entrepreneurship Competency was divided into four categories: Entrepreneurial Competencies, Technical Competencies, Management Competencies, and Creative Competencies, and the hypothesis was that each had a significant impact on the start-up performance through the mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. A survey was conducted on young entrepreneurs in their 20s and 30s in Korea for empirical research, and the analysis results were as follows. First of all, the competency of young entrepreneurs to start their own businesses affects the success of start-ups and the satisfaction of start-ups. There are differences in the competencies, and both technical and management competencies can be seen through the entrepreneurial self-efficacy to enhance the success of start-ups and the satisfaction of start-ups. Entrepreneurial competency was fully mediated to start-up success and partially mediated to start-up satisfaction. In the case of creative competency, there were only direct effects on successful start-ups, and the satisfaction of start-ups showed partial mediating effects. Thus, seven of the eight detailed hypotheses were supported and one was rejected. Based on the above findings, the implications were presented.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2018

In this study, we analyze the growth environment using smart farm technology in order to develop the optimal growth model for the precision cultivation of the bottle-grown oyster mushroom 'Suhan'. Experimental farmers used $88m^2$ of bed area, 2 rows and 5 columns of shelf shape, 5 hp refrigerator, 100T of sandwich panel for insulation, 2 ultrasonic humidifiers, 12 kW of heating, and 5,000 bottles for cultivation. Data on parameters such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and illumination, which directly affect mushroom growth, were collected from the environmental sensor part installed at the oyster mushroom cultivator and analyzed. It was found that the initial temperature at the time of granulation was $22^{\circ}C$ after the scraping, and the mushroom was produced and maintained at about $25^{\circ}C$ until the bottle was flipped. On fruiting body formation, mushrooms were harvested while maintaining the temperature between $13^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. Humidity was approximately 100% throughout the growth stage. Carbon dioxide concentration gradually increased until 3 days after the beginning of cultivation, and then increased rapidly to approximately 2,600 ppm. From the 6th day, $CO_2$ concentration was gradually decreased through ventilation and maintained at 1,000 ppm during the harvest. Light was not provided at the initial stage of oyster mushroom cultivation. On the $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ day, mushrooms were irradiated by 17 lux light. Subsequently, the light intensity was increased to 115-120 lux as the growth progressed. Fruiting body characteristics of 'Suhan' cultivated in a farmhouse were as follows: Pileus diameter was 30.9 mm and thickness was 4.5 mm; stipe thickness was 11.0 mm and length was 76.0 mm; stipe and pileus hardness was 0.8 g/mm and 2.8 g/mm, respectively; L values of the stipe and pileus were 79.9 and 52.3, respectively. The fruiting body yield was 160.2 g/850 ml, and the individual weight was 12.8 g/10 unit.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4457-4463
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• 2015

Common genetic variation Q192R in the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene has been considered to be implicated in the development of many cancers. Nevertheless, results from the related studies were inconsistent. To elucidate the association, we performed a meta-analysis for 8,112 cases and 10,037 controls from 32 published case-control studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association by STATA 12.0 software. Overall, we revealed that the PON1-192R allele was associated with a reduced risk of the overall cancers. Moreover, in the stratified analysis by cancer types (breast cancer, prostate cancer, brain cancer etc.), the results showed that PON1-192R allele was associated with a decreased risk in breast cancer (R vs Q: OR=0.605, 95% CI=0.378-0.967, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.000$; RR vs QQ: OR=0.494, 95% CI=0.275-0.888, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.002$; RQ vs QQ: OR=0.465, 95% CI=0.259-0.835, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.000$; and RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=0.485, 95% CI=0.274-0.857, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.000$), and associated with prostate cancer in homozygote (RR vs QQ: OR=0.475, 95% CI=0.251-0.897, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.001$) and recessive models (RR vs RQ+QQ: OR=0.379, 95% CI=0.169-0.853, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.000$), while an increased risk was identified in lymphoma (R vs Q: OR=1.537, 95% CI=1.246-1.896, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.944$; RR vs QQ: OR=2.987, 95% CI=1.861-4.795, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.350$; RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=1.354, 95% CI=1.021-1.796, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.824$; and RR vs RQ+QQ: OR=2.934, 95% CI=1.869-4.605, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.433$), and an increased risk in prostate cancer under heterozygote comparison (RQ vs QQ: OR=1.782, 95% CI=1.077-2.950, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.000$) and dominant models (RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=1.281, 95% CI=1.044-1.573, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.056$). When subgroup analysis that performed by the control source (hospital based or population based), a decreased risk of the overall cancers was revealed by homozygote (RR vs QQ: OR=0.601, 95% CI=0.366-0.987, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.000$) and dominant models (RR vs RQ+QQ: OR= 0.611, 95% CI=0.384-0.973, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.000$) in hospital based group. Stratifying by ethnicity, a significantly reduced risk of the overall cancers under allele contrast model (R vs Q: OR=0.788, 95% CI=0.626-0.993, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.000$) was uncovered in Caucasian. In summary, these findings suggested that PON1 Q192R polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of the overall cancers, nevertheless, it might increase cancer susceptibility of prostate and lymphoma risk. Large well-designed epidemiological studies will be continued on this issue of interest.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

Land-use/cover changes not only amplify or alleviate influence of climate changes but also they are representative factors to affect environmental change along with climate changes. Thus, the use of land-use/cover changes scenario, consistent climate change scenario is very important to evaluate reliable influences by climate change. The purpose for this study is to predict and analyze the future urban growth considering social and economic scenario from RCP scenario suggested by the 5th evaluation report of IPCC. This study sets land-use/cover changes scenario based on storyline from RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenario. Urban growth rate for each scenario is calculated by urban area per person and GDP for the last 25 years and regression formula based on double logarithmic model. In addition, the urban demand is predicted by the future population and GDP suggested by the government. This predicted demand is spatially distributed by the urban growth probability map made by logistic regression. As a result, the accuracy of urban growth probability map is appeared to be 89.3~90.3% high and the prediction accuracy for RCP 4.5 showed higher value than that of RCP 8.5. Urban areas from 2020 to 2050 showed consistent growth while the rate of increasing urban areas for RCP 8.5 scenario showed higher value than that of RCP 4.5 scenario. Increase of urban areas is predicted by the fact that famlands are damaged. Especially RCP 8.5 scenario indicated more increase not only farmland but also forest than RCP 4.5 scenario. In addition, the decrease of farmland and forest showed higher level from metropolitan cities than province cities. The results of this study is believed to be used for basic data to clarify complex two-way effects quantitatively for future climate change, land-use/cover changes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2009

Malnutrition of hospitalized patients can adversely affect clinical outcomes and cost. Several nutritional screening tools have been developed to identify patients with malnutrition risk. However, many of those possess practical pitfalls of requiring much time and labor to administer and may not be highly applicable to a Korean population. This study sought to develop and evaluate a Nutrition Risk Screening Tool (NRST) which is simple and quick to administer and widely applicable to Korean hospitalized patients with various diseases. The study was also designed to generate a screening tool predictable of various clinical outcomes and to validate it against the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002). Electronic medical records of 424 patients hospitalized at a general hospital in Seoul during a 14-month period were abstracted for anthropometric, medical, biochemical, and clinical outcome variables. The study employed a 4-step process consisting of selecting NRST components, searching a scoring scheme, validating against a reference tool, and confirming clinical outcome predictability. NRST components were selected by stepwise multiple regression analysis of each clinical outcome (i.e., hospitalization period, complication, disease progress, and death) on several readily available patient characteristics. Age and serum levels of albumin, hematocrit (Hct), and total lymphocyte count (TLC) remained in the last model for any of 4 dependent variables were decided as NRST components. Odds ratios of malnutrition risk based on NRS 2002 according to levels of the selected components were utilized to frame a scoring scheme of NRST. A NRST score higher than 3.5 was set as a cut-off score for malnutrition risk based on sensitivity and specificity levels against NRS 2002. Lastly differences in clinical outcomes by patients' NRST results were examined. The results showed that the NRST can significantly predict the in-hospital clinical outcomes. It is concluded that the NRST can be useful to simply and quickly screen patients at high-nutritional risk in relation to prospective clinical outcomes.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to develop a prototype of the support system in order for team building associated with web-based project learning having applied Kolb's learning style. To accomplish this purpose, the following research tasks were performed. First, core idea in order to embody the system's value, key activities, tools that will support pertinent activities and the strategy so as to develop guidelines, etc. were devised and prepared. Second, a system was designed on the basis of structural model of teaching design, then after, interface was developed. The core factors in this system are inspection of learning style, organizing a team and team building. Above all, it is required to make learners know about learning environments, of which they are in favor, and also its distinctive features through inspection of learning style, and then focusing on learning style, a team should be organized insomuch as to accommodate a variety of learning styles as much as possible. For the purpose of team building, after learning style of each constituent member of the team has been made known, then the roles will be divided among the constituent members of the team so as to suit their individual characteristics referring to each of their learning styles that have been exposed. To verify the value of this system developed and efficiency thereof, a focus group interview was conducted. The focus group consisted of professionals, all from related fields. After the interview, the points required to make further improvements were elicited and taken care of by follow-up actions as needed. And having reflected such improvements made, the final system was developed. With this newly developed system, learners can get the results of inspection of learning style so quickly by performing inspection any time any where, and based on the results from such inspection, a team comprising dissimilar constituents who exhibit a variety of different propensities will be automatically organized. Thus, this system may be used not only for web-based project learning having unspecified persons elected as constituents, but in the offline space also.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Recently, the reenaction of place's memories that were considered sense of place based on its historical and structural characteristic were assumed important topics for recovering and making the park from industrial sites, such as factory, industrial complex, industrial city, labor residential development, landfill, etc., to the public all over the world. This research aimed to conduct some preliminary data for making the park's sense of place highly. So, after conducting the structural forms of sense of place for Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park that were designed and built by considering its place memories actively, park planning and design implications that were considered its sense of place were suggested. The research results those were derived from the structural forms of sense of place for Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park's are the following. First, the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) on Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park were determined that the natural-physical, artificial-physical, and experiential environmental factors' satisfaction of Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park have an effect on forming the Sense of Place. In addition, the sense of place was affected by the willingness to visit. Second, according to its physical environment, the experiential factors, such as plays, exercises and etc., were more important relatively. Therefore, experiential factors should be considered significantly with physical factors to make the sense of place highly. Third, even the places were under similar category, the factors' and valuables' relative importance were changed. As the results of structural equation modeling said, specific valuables' related with each factors would be differentiated due to the places' characteristics. For example, the results were showed that natural-physical factor was more important than artificial-physical factor in Seoul Forest. On the other hand, artificial-physical factor was more important than the natural- physical factor. This research carries some significance for applying a quantitative research method(structural equation modeling) to various place to conduct the sense of place's structural model, for suggesting relative specific methods to make the sense of place, and for being a step forward to substance of sense of place. If further studies conduct focusing on various places to draw the forming models of sense of place that were based this research's analysis methods and results, those researches would contribute to make the urban place meaningful, characteristically and affectionately. Furthermore, those researches would contribute in making a humane and competitiveness city.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1982

The objectives of this report is to evaluate the contribution of forest investments by the forest owners for the developments of private forests in the villages where the forest production, especially, chestnut production is active. The results obtained are as follows : 1) Newly purchased forest lands of 526 hectares, 71 percent, in 741 hectares by 96 farmers were replanted with chestnut trees for chestnut production. 2) As the chestnut production is considered to be the unique source of the early capital return in management of forests, selling and buying of forest lands in the area surveyed are enhanced to reforest the forest land with chestnut seedlings. 3) Most of new farmers being engaged in plantation and production of chestnuts in the forests are employees of private industries and government agencies, and merchants in neighboring towns. 4) All materials and expenses for formation of chestnut orchards are generally supplied by forest land owners. 5) Active buying and selling of newly established chestnut bushes are surely served as the estate in the area, thus, the trading of the bushes of young chestnut seedling also enhances the forest as the estate. 6) The management of forest established with chestnut orchards is a special form for forest investment, it makes possible to encourage imputing of capital to the new form of forests, chestnut orchards, and it could be a good possible model for private forest development as compared with that of government funding.