• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

The exhibition industry, as technology-intensive, eco-friendly industry, contributes to regional and national development and enhancement of its image as well, if it joins cultural and tourist industry. Therefore, We need to revitalize the exhibition industry, as actively holding an exhibition event. However, to attract a number of exhibition audience, the work of enhancing audience satisfaction and awareness of value for participation should be prioritized after improving quality of service within exhibition hall. As one way to enhance the quality of service, it is thought that the way providing personalized service geared toward each audience is needed. that is, if audience avoids the complexity in exhibition space and it affords them service to enable effective time and space management, it will improve the satisfaction. All such personalized service affordable lets the audience's preference on the basis of each audience profile registered in advance online grasp. and Based on this information, it is provided with exhibition-related information suited their purpose that is the booth for the interesting audience, the shortest path to go to the booth and event via audience's smart phone. and it collects audience's reaction information, such as visiting the booth, participating the event through offered the information in this way and location information for the flow of movement, the present position so that it makes revision of existing each audience profile. After correcting the information, it extracts the individual's preference. hereunder, it provides recommend booth and event information. in other words, it provides optimal information for individual by amendment based on reaction information about recommending information built on basic profile. It provides personalized service dynamic and interactive with audience. This paper will be able to provide the most suitable information for each audience through circular and interactive structure and designed smart-phone application supportable for updating dynamic and interactive personalized service that is able to afford surrounding information in real time, as locating movement position through sensing. The proposed application collects user‘s context information and carrys information gathering function collecting the reaction about searched or provided information via sensing. and it also carrys information gathering function providing needed data for user in exhibition hall. In other words, it offers information about recommend booth of position foundation for user, location-based services of recommend booth and involves service providing detailed information for inside exhibition by using service of augmented reality, the map of whole exhibition as well. and it is also provided with SNS service that is able to keep information exchange besides intimacy. To provide this service, application is consisted of several module. first of all, it includes UNS identity module for sensing, and contain sensor information gathering module handling and collecting the perceived information through this module. Sensor information gathered like this transmits the information gathering server. and there is exhibition information interfacing with user and this module transmits to interesting information collection module through user's reaction besides interface. Interesting information collection module transmits collected information and If valid information out of the information gathering server that brings together sensing information and interesting information is sent to recommend server, the recommend server makes recommend information through inference with gathered valid information. If this server transmit by exhibition information process, exhibition information process module is provided with user by interface. Through this system it raises the dynamic, intelligent personalized service for user.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-75
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• 2011

A Geographic Information System(GIS) is a system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages and presents data with reference to geographic location data. In the later 1990s and earlier 2000s it was limitedly used in government sectors such as public utility management, urban planning, landscape architecture, and environmental contamination control. However, a growing number of open-source packages running on a range of operating systems enabled many private enterprises to explore the concept of viewing GIS-based sales and customer data over their own computer monitors. K telecommunication company has dominated the Korean telecommunication market by providing diverse services, such as high-speed internet, PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network), VOLP (Voice Over Internet Protocol), and IPTV(Internet Protocol Television). Even though the telecommunication market in Korea is huge, the competition between major services providers is growing more fierce than ever before. Service providers struggled to acquire as many new customers as possible, attempted to cross sell more products to their regular customers, and made more efforts on retaining the best customers by offering unprecedented benefits. Most service providers including K telecommunication company tried to adopt the concept of customer relationship management(CRM), and analyze customer's demographic and transactional data statistically in order to understand their customer's behavior. However, managing customer information has still remained at the basic level, and the quality and the quantity of customer data were not enough not only to understand the customers but also to design a strategy for marketing and sales. For example, the currently used 3,074 legal regional divisions, which are originally defined by the government, were too broad to calculate sub-regional customer's service subscription and cancellation ratio. Additional external data such as house size, house price, and household demographics are also needed to measure sales potential. Furthermore, making tables and reports were time consuming and they were insufficient to make a clear judgment about the market situation. In 2009, this company needed a dramatic shift in the way marketing and sales activities, and finally developed a dedicated GIS_based market analysis and sales management system. This system made huge improvement in the efficiency with which the company was able to manage and organize all customer and sales related information, and access to those information easily and visually. After the GIS information system was developed, and applied to marketing and sales activities at the corporate level, the company was reported to increase sales and market share substantially. This was due to the fact that by analyzing past market and sales initiatives, creating sales potential, and targeting key markets, the system could make suggestions and enable the company to focus its resources on the demographics most likely to respond to the promotion. This paper reviews subjective and unclear marketing and sales activities that K telecommunication company operated, and introduces the whole process of developing the GIS information system. The process consists of the following 5 modules : (1) Customer profile cleansing and standardization, (2) Internal/External DB enrichment, (3) Segmentation of 3,074 legal regions into 46,590 sub_regions called blocks, (4) GIS data mart design, and (5) GIS system construction. The objective of this case study is to emphasize the need of GIS system and how it works in the private enterprises by reviewing the development process of the K company's market analysis and sales management system. We hope that this paper suggest valuable guideline to companies that consider introducing or constructing a GIS information system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.426-434
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate eating behavior of university students through social commerce and to analyze factors affecting university students' attitude regarding social commerce. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 445 university students in Changwon, Korea from March 28 to April 28, 2013. A total of 339 questionnaires were used for the final analysis, which excluded improperly-completed questionnaires. Results: The major factor considered for eating behavior through social commerce was price (37.2%). Purchasing experiences of foodservice products according to types of foodservice were 64.9% for coffee shop, 59.3% for fast food restaurant, 53.4% for family restaurant, 46.0% for specialty restaurant, 35.7% for pizza restaurant, 35.4% for buffet, and 31.9% for bakery. Factors affecting satisfaction with social commerce for purchasing foodservice products were 'service quality of foodservice company', 'communication of social commerce', and 'discount rate of social commerce'. Factors affecting repurchasing intention of foodservice products through social commerce were 'service quality of foodservice company', 'site design of social commerce', and 'discount rate of social commerce'. Conclusion: In order to increase satisfaction with social commerce, 'service quality of foodservice company', 'communication of social commerce', and 'discount rate of social commerce' should be increased. And, to increase repurchasing intention of social commerce, 'service quality of foodservice company', 'site design of social commerce', and 'discount rate of social commerce' should be increased. In addition, two factors 'service quality of foodservice' and 'discount rate of social commerce' were found to have an effect on satisfaction and repurchasing intention of social commerce. For development of social commerce and foodservice industry, cooperative relationship between social commerce and foodservice industry is needed, and a reasonable price strategy should be established. The university students considered price as a major factor of eating behaviors and did not consider menu and taste as a major factor. From a longer perspective, such an eating behavior would have an effect on university students' dietary life and it would cause nutrition and health problems for university students. Thus, it implied that further studies from the perspectives of nutrition and health regarding eating behavior through social commerce service should be conducted.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.68-81
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• 1996

In order to see the development of nursing related research activities in Korea over the last three decades, abstracts of almost all of the Masters and Ph. D. theses that had appeared from 1961 up to August 1991 were collected. Number of theses amounted to 1779(76%) out of a total of 2354 theses. We analysed the papers research patterns, which are research problem, research design, population, place. Here is what we have found. 1). The types of research problems were as follows. 58.0% papers did factor-analysis, 29.1% studied factor~relations, 11.4% situation relations and 1.5% did situation~creations. With respect to the years, we found that the factor-analysis papers decreased with time but the factor~relating, the situation -relating, and the situation~creating papers were increased. Especially the situation-creating paper increased notably since the 80s'. Relating to the kind of degrees, we found that for M.S.theses 60.2% of the papers did factor-analysis, 29.0% the factor-relating studies, 10.4% the situation-relating studies, and 0.4% the situation -creating studies. For the Ph.D. theses 30.5% did the factor~relating, 30.5% the situation-relating. and 20.0% the situation-creating papers. Considering the graduate schools, we found that the regular graduate schools and the graduate school of education produced about the same number of papers of each kind, but 81.2% and 64.6% papers produced by the graduate school of public health and the graduate school of public administration, respectively, did the factor-analysis thus taking majority of the papers. 2). Research designs were as follows : 10.8% experimental studies, 89.0% non experimental studies, and 0.2% quality studies were found. So the majority of the research designs were nonexperimental. We see a meaningful difference between the M.S.theses showing 9.8% experimental studies and 90. 1% nonexperimental studies. and Ph.D. theses showing 28.4% experimental studies and 68. 4% nonexperimental studies. Relating to the graduate schools, we find that the regular graduate schools and the graduate school of education with 15.8% and 10.6% experimental studies respectively, did a little more experimental studies than other schools. but still the regular graduate schools, the graduate school of public health, and the graduate school of education each show 83.8%, 97.4%, and 89.4% nonexperimental studies, so most schools are concentrating on nonexperimental studies. 3). On the relation between research problem and research design, experimental studies show 88.0% of situation-relations and 6.8% of factor-relations. Nonexperimental studies had factor-analysis taking the majority by 64.4% and 31.9% were factor-relations. 4). On the research subjects, we have 90.8% of the papers dealing with a single subject and 9.2% of the papers dealing with two or more subjects. Most of the research subjects are patients or nurses for the regular graduate schools and the graduate school of education, but for the graduate school of administration as much as. 60% of the studies took nurses as subjects. Subjects taken were patients, nurses. and students in decreasing order for the M.S. theses and for patients, women, and nurses again in decreasing order for the Ph.D.theses. 5). On the places of study, we've had 47, 8% of the studies done in hospital rooms, 15, 1% in schools, and 9, 6% in the local community, With respect to the years, we found 36.7% in the hospital rooms, 22.4% in the schools, and 14, 8% in the local communities in the 1970's and 50.1%in the hospital rooms, 13.4% in the schools. and 9, 2% in the local communities in the 80's.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2007

Ammonia gas is one of the major pollutants which cause environmental pollution and damage to the human and the livestock. The objective of this study was to investigate the important parameters for the development of efficient removal of ammonia gas by Bacillius subtilis IB101 and to optimize the medium composition for the mass production of B. subtilis IB101. The ammonia gas removal efficiency was evaluated at different growth phases and by changing culture conditions (temperature, pH). The effect of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ concentration in preculture medium was examined. Medium optimization for the mass production of B. subtilis IB101 was performed by using Plackett-Burman design and one factor at a time method. The removal of ammonia gas was more efficient at exponential phase by 20% than at stationary phase. The ammonia gas removal was the highest at pH 4 and 30 $^{\circ}C$. There was not any significant influence of concentration of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ on the removal of ammonia gas. The components of optimized medium for the production of viable Bacillus subtilis IB101 was yeast extract 10 g/l, soluble starch 2.5 g/l, $MgSO_4$ 6 g/l, $CaCl_2$ 1.55 g/l, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 5 g/l, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.75 g/l, soy bean meal 8 g/l.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

The need for ready-to-wear clothing increases as the problem comes to arise from the fit of custommade clothing due to the characteristics of middle-aged women's somatotype. At this point of time, a study on the realities of production of custom-made clothing in middle-aged women's clothing business firms is of very greatly significance. Therefore, this study was intended to identify the problem and improvements through the survey research of production of custom-made clothing in middle-aged women's clothing business firms and further present the plan for development of custom-made clothing business. The questionnaire was framed based on the contents extracted from the preliminary questionnaire research for the pattern section chief of each business firm. Collected data were statistically processed using the SPSS 10.0 Windows program. As a result, the following findings were obtained: 1. The target age of the middle-aged women's clothing business firms ranged from more than 45 years to less than 50 years of age. Clothing business firms much made inroads into the ready-to-wear clothing market largely in the 1980s and the 1990s. Their active entry into the custom-made clothing market occurred in the 1970s and the 1980s. 2. In terms of the clothing production method of middle-aged women's clothing firms, some private boutique and designer brand clothing firms entered the clothing market with a focus on custom-made clothing in the beginning of its organization and introduced the production method of ready-to-wear clothing in accordance with changes in production methods and consumers' needs and wants. National brand clothing firms manufactured clothing with a focus on ready-to-wear clothing from the beginning of its organization, but at last they manufactured both partial custom-made and whole custom-made as the problem arose from ready-to-wear clothing. Seeing that their clothing production showed the ratio readyto-wear to custom-made clothing of 2.58:1. And it was found that the manufacture of ready-to-wear and custom-made clothing took into consideration the great difference in the pattern, size and design plan. The research of the clothing production process showed that whole custom-made and partial custommade were distinguished according to whether or not the sample was presented. 3. The ready-to-wear pattern of middle-aged women's clothing firms were used with a focus on the 'patternmaker-developed pattern' and company-developed pattern'. Most clothing businesses produced clothing in 4 to 5 basic sizes, which is found to be insufficient to complement the physical characteristics of middle-aged women with many specific somatotypes. In the pattern of custom-made clothing, the 'pattern of ready-to-wear were applied' or the 'customized pattern was developed'. Actual measurements were most used as the size of custom-made, and accordingly it is predicted that the level of satisfaction is higher with the fit of custom-made clothing than that of ready-to-wear. The selling place and the head office showed the similar percent as the place for measuring the size of custom-made clothing. Size measurers were mostly the shop master. And it was found that most clothing business firms had a problem when the measured size was applied to the pattern. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide education on size measurement for shop masters. 4. It was found that in the middle-aged women's clothing firms, the pattern correction of the length of sleeve, jacket and slacks occupied the highest percent. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide for the size system to complement the accurate somatotype characteristics of middle-aged women. 5. In custom-made clothing customer management, most firms engaged in customer somatotype management through size management. They provided customers with commodity information by informing them of the sales and event period and practiced human management for customers by maintaining the get-together and friendly relationship. 6. Middle-aged women's clothing businesses responded that it would be necessary to improve the fit of custom-made clothing and complement their pursuit for individuality as the plan to improve its quality. In consequence, it suggests that middle-aged women's clothing businesses should provide middle-aged women with the clothing of better-suited size and refined design. Middle-aged women's clothing businesses responded that it was the most urgent task to form the custom-made clothing manufacturing team as the plan to expand the custom-made clothing market, which is identified as their emphasis on the systematized production of custom-made clothing.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.49-62
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• 2006

The republic of korea has put a great emphasis on the role of the road as widening a social infra-structural facility. Thus, vast amount of money has been invested on the road establishment. As a result, there has been fruitful outcomes in establishing the road system of the nation especially for the flat road with ease. However, in order to have more systematic and sustainable road system, we should turn our attention to more painful and high-cost regions such as mountainous districts and those are to be developed effectively. The configuration of the road is an important factor to be considered in making a decision for the road planning. Nevertheless, current road planning criterion has no such clarified and objective judging standard for figuring the configuration of the road out and, as a result, speed planning can be decided incorrectly. our research has acknowledged the necessity of estimating the configuration of the road and aimed to make it organized and sorted according to the height, slope, and the vehicle's speed. The results are as follows. First, our research made use of GIS data and classified the road into 9 different areas according to the height and the slope. Also, road classification being matched to the data of vehicle's speed, it has been shown that those characteristics of different areas have made an influence on vehicle's speed. Secondly, based on the results of the similarity between geographical classification and, vehicle's speed of sorted groups according to the height and the slope, conclusively we have classified as flat, rolling region and mountain. Since our research has made use of vehicle's speed for National Highway, it is not applicable to different functional highways. However, for the highway to be established hereafter, it can be a standard for reflection geographical characteristics.

• Survey Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-38
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• 2005

Considering the importance of corruption index measurement model and the diffusion of popular awareness about the importance of anti-corruption, this research compared and analyzed existing corruption index measurement models. This paper has selected "Anti-Corruption Index model(ACI model)" that was developed by Seoul Development Institute and "CCEJ's Corruption Index model" which is under use by the Citizens' Coaltion for Economic Justice. These two models were analyzed in terms of appropriateness of 'the indicator and index choice method', 'the research design' and 'the use of statistical data'. This analysis shows that two models have some problems. First, at the level of indicator and index choice method, the indicators of CCEJ's corruption index model is too atomized and redundant. As not putting weight of indicator, it did not consider importance of each indicator. Citizens who evaluated the level of corruption didn't participate in the weight evaluation team, which results in failure of the model to reflect the citizens' opinion. Also, because the question about Seoul Metropolis' corruption level is not included, it is not detected difference between real corruption level and perceptive corruption level. Second, in terms of appropriateness of research design, the sample of the CCEJ' corruption index model is too small to get credibility. The objectivity of research method seems to be low because survey was performed by exit interview. In addition, 38 items are overfull in the questionnire of CCEJ's corruption index model compare to 13 items in ACI model. Also, in making up questions, the terms are redundant and unobvious. Third, in regarding with feasibility of the statistical data, the CCEJ's corruption index model uses regulation data for disciplinary punishment of 25 local governments in Seoul from 1995 to 1999. But, it is common ideas of scholars that statistical data indicates the tip of an iceberg in corruption. So for using a statistical data, it needs a data of enough quantity and has a high level credibility. In addition, objective method of giving weight is not developed. In this point of view, the use of statistical data has some limits. To solve this problem, ① objective data should be included in the indicators, ② various indicators should be developed and ③ a method of giving weight should be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.177-187
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• 2016

This study started with the question, "Is the cost of landscape construction work in residential areas measured by public enterprises, 'in response to the needs of consumers?" The study analyzed whether the landscape construction expenditure is being introduced at an appropriate ratio according to the value the residents have regarding landscape elements. Following this, research was conducted for the purpose of providing basic data for improving the efficiency of formulating apartment landscape construction costs in the future. This research proceeded based on a questionnaire survey of residents of apartments, and the content of the questionnaire used frequency analysis and descriptive statistics research methods. To take a look at a comparative analysis of value recognition, in particular, a comparative analysis was performed based on the actual input cost based on the ratio of landscape elements by layer. Conclusions were found as follows: First, the degree of interest in the apartment landscape of the tenants was high, and the value of the landscape was high but realistic satisfaction appeared comparatively low. Second, the awareness of residents' values regarding landscape elements appeared to give "plantings" more value than "facilities". Thirdly, as a result of a mutual comparison between the values recognized by the resident regarding landscape elements and the construction input fee, depending on the landscape elements, it appeared that there is a difference in the ratio of up to 52 times from 1.25. Fourth, the fact that there is a difference in the relative proportion of value recognition and inputting construction cost indicates that it is not possible to respond to the needs of tenants during the construction cost development process. It also shows that the utility of inputting construction costs is low. Therefore, a macro-level examination such as reflecting the existing inflation rate is necessary to develop the efficient landscape construction cost of apartment such as the awareness of the value of the residents regarding landscape elements, out of the customary construction cost formulation method based on the microscopic dimensions of the consumer side.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.3
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• pp.287-316
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• 1999

Cyberspace permits us to more beyond traditional face-to-face, mail and telephone surveys, yet still to examine basic issues regarding the quality of data collection: sampling, questionnaire design, survey distribution, means of response, and database creation. This article address each of these issues by contrasting and comparing traditional survey methods(Paper-and-Pencil) with Internet or Personal Computer networks-mediated (Screen-and-Keyboard) survey methods also introduces researchers to this revolutionary and innovative tool and outlines a variety of practical methods for using the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. The revolution in telecommunications technology has fostered the rapid growth of the Internet all over the world. The Internet is a massive global network and comprising many national and international networks of interconnected computers. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks could be the comprehensive interactive tool that will facilitate the development of the skills. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks provides a virtual frontier to expand our access to information and to increase our knowledge and understanding of public opinion, political behavior, social trends and lifestyles through survey research. Comparable to other technological advancements, the Internet or Personal Computer Networks presents opportunities that will impact significantly on the process and quality of survey research now and in the twenty-first century. There are trade-offs between traditional and the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks is an important channel for obtaining information for target participants. The cost savings in time, efforts, and material were substantial. The use of the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey tool will increase the quality of research environment. There are several limitations to the Internet or Personal Computer Network survey approach. It requires the researcher to be familiar with Internet navigation and E-mail, it is essential for this process. The use of Listserv and Newsgroup result in a biased sample of the population of corporate trainers. However, it is this group that participates in technology and is in the fore front of shaping the new organizations of interest, and therefore it consists of appropriate participants. If this survey method becomes popular and is too frequently used, potential respondents may become as annoyed with E-mail as the sometimes are with mail survey and junk mail. Being a member of the Listserv of Newsgroup may moderate that reaction. There is a need to determine efficient, effective ways for the researcher to strip identifiers from E-mail, so that respondents remain anonymous, while simultaneously blocking a respondent from responding to a particular survey instrument more than once. The optimum process would be on that is initiated by the researcher : simple, fast and inexpensive to administer and has credibility with respondents. This would protect the legitimacy of the sample and anonymity. Creating attractive Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey formats that build on the strengths of standardized structures but also capitalize on the dynamic and interactive capability of the medium. Without such innovations in survey design, it is difficult to imagine why potential survey respondents would use their time to answer questions. More must be done to create diverse and exciting ways of building an credibility between respondents and researchers on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. We believe that the future of much exciting research is based in the Electronic survey research. The ability to communicate across distance, time, and national boundaries offers great possibilities for studying the ways in which technology and technological discourse are shaped. used, and disseminated ; the many recent doctoral dissertations that treat some aspect of electronic survey research testify to the increase focus on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. Thus, scholars should begin a serious conversation about the methodological issues of conducting research In cyberspace. Of all the disciplines, Internet or Personal Computer Networks, emphasis on the relationship between technology and human communication, should take the lead in considering research in the cyberspace.