• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.76
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• pp.237-258
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• 2023

Purpose of Research: This study examines how an intensive Christian program focused on conversion and sanctification impacts youth spirituality. While previous research was qualitative, looking at program design and family-church ties, this research provides a needed quantitative analysis of the program's effect on youths' spiritual development. Research content and method: The research, centering on 'A' Camp's focus on conversion and sanctification, used a pre-post test model with Lee and Kim's metrics to gauge youth spirituality. Conducted in a 2023 summer camp, assessments on days one and three yielded 109 valid questionnaires, analyzed via paired t-tests. As a result of the analysis, relationship with God t=-9.65, traditional faith t=-6.22, influence of spirituality t=-6.35, religious activity t=-8.32, experience of transcendent power t=-8.67, living righteously t=-8.04 It was statistically significant in all areas. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study confirmed that programs emphasizing conversion and sanctification markedly improve youth spirituality, notably enhancing experiences of God and righteous living via the Holy Spirit. These findings are pivotal for guiding future youth education programs, especially those conducted in camp settings.

• CELLMED
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.12.1-12.13
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• 2024

This study investigated the psychological effects of the creative music fairy tale 'I am a music creator' education program, which was implemented as the convergence educational program of the Seocho Innovation Education District in 2021 for a total of 8 weeks for elementary school students, on Musical Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem. Before verifying the effects after conducting the education program for a total of 8 weeks, a homogeneity verification of the group composition was conducted through a pre-measurement, and it was confirmed that the composition by gender and grade was homogeneous. The results of this study are as follows. First, the results of the pre-test/post-test by research subject showed that the post-test scores in Musical-Interest and Self-Efficacy were slightly higher than the pre-test scores, but there was no significant difference. When Self-Esteem was considered, There was a significant difference, and the post-test scores showed a higher average than the pre-test scores. Second, the results of the pre-test/post-test by gender of the research subject showed that the post-test scores in Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem for male students were slightly higher than the pre-test scores, but there was no significant difference. The post-test scores in Musical-Interest and Self-Efficacy for female students were slightly higher than the pre-test scores, but there was no real significant difference. Self-Esteem showed a significant difference, and the post-test scores showed a higher average than the pre-test scores. Third, the results of the pre-test/post-test by grade of the research subject showed that the post-test scores in Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem for second graders were slightly higher than the pretest scores, but there was no real significant difference. In the 3rd grade, there was a significant difference in the sub-factors of Musical-Interest, interest in music classes, and Self-Esteem, and the post-score showed a higher average than the pre-score. In the 4th grade, the post-scores were slightly higher than the pre-scores in Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem, but there was no significant difference. Through these results, it was confirmed that the integrated music activity approach has a positive influence on elementary school students' Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem, which are formed in the process of growth and development.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2024

The present study examines the dual mediating role of social support and self-esteem in the relationship between grit and life satisfaction among college students. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, we surveyed a sample of 326 undergraduates from one university in China by means of purposive sampling. The analyses were conducted using SPSS PC+ Win. ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro ver. 4.2. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to show the correlations among the variables, and Model 6 of the PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to verify dual mediation effects. First, correlation results indicated positive and significant correlations between grit, social support, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Second, the dual mediating role of social support and self-esteem in the relationship between grit and life satisfaction was proved. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the psychological mechanisms through which grit operates to enhance life satisfaction. The results have implications for the development of interventions aimed at fostering grit and the enhancement of social support and self-esteem to improve life satisfaction. Suggestions for future studies were discussed in detail.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.71-94
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• 2024

This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate a practical, problem-based global citizenship education (GCED) program in the first grade of elementary school to suggest ways for practical global citizenship education in the next curriculum. This study proceeded following the ADDIE teaching design model. Through literature research, the relevance of global citizenship education to the 2022 national curriculum and the 2022 practical arts curriculum was analyzed, and based on the results, the learning elements of global citizenship education were extracted from the 2022 integrated subjects curriculum to develop the program. The program consisted of four teaching and learning plans for a total of eight sessions based on four practical problems, and was revised and supplemented through validation by a group of experts. The developed teaching and learning curriculum was implemented in all eight sessions over a period of four weeks with 16 first grade students at S Elementary School in Seoul. As a result of the program implementation, the mean of students' global citizenship awareness increased by 3.88 points (±3.91) from pre to post, and the qualitative evaluation of teachers' reflection journals and students' portfolios showed that the program influenced students to realize the importance of taking action to create a better and more sustainable world. Therefore, the practical problem-based global citizenship education program for first graders was found to be effective in fostering global citizenship awareness.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.251-276
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• 2024

This study aimed to enhance the educational competencies of instructors and improve the quality of higher education by identifying instructing types, developing an assessment diagnostic tool, and designing a customized faculty training curriculum for each type. To achieve this, a literature review and Delphi research were conducted. The results are summarized as follows: First, instructing types such as 'Star Lecturer', 'Learning Mentor', and 'Designer' were identified through the analysis of previous studies. Second, a diagnostic tool for determining an instructor's type was developed by modifying and enhancing Grasha's Teaching Style Inventory, which is widely used both domestically and internationally. This tool comprises 24 questions, with 8 questions for each type. Third, a curriculum was designed for each instructing type, consisting of common courses necessary for all types and specialized courses tailored to the characteristics of each type. The common courses cover essentials for lesson design, implementation, and evaluation, while the specialized courses cater to the unique needs of each instructing type. Fourth, the developed model, tools, and curriculum underwent validation. A Delphi method was employed with a group of 10 experts, leading to revisions and finalizations based on their feedback. This study has laid the groundwork for instructors to identify their own teaching styles and receive customized training, thereby enhancing their teaching effectiveness and overall educational quality. However, further research is necessary to develop systems and mechanisms for the operationalization of these findings, including incentives for instructors and strategies for disseminating information among participants.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.312-329
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• 2024

In various underground research projects such as energy storage and development and radioactive waste disposal targeting deep underground, the characteristics of permeable rock fractures that serve as major pathway of groundwater flow in deep rock aquifer are considered as an important evaluation factor in the design, construction, and operation of research facilities. In Korea, there is little research and database on the location and hydraulic characteristics of permeable rock fractures and the pattern of groundwater flow patterns that may occur between fractures in deep rock boreholes. In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of permeable rock fractures in deep rock aquifer were evaluated through the analysis of geothermal gradient and pumping test data. First, the deep geothermal distribution was identified through temperature logging, and the geothermal gradient was obtained through linear regression analysis using temperature data by depth. In addition, the hydraulic characteristics of the fractured rock were analyzed using outflow temperature obtained from pumping tests. Ultimately, the potential location and hydraulic characteristics of permeable rock fractures, as well as groundwater flow within the boreholes, were evaluated by integrating and analyzing the geophysical logging and hydraulic testing data. The process and results of the evaluation of deep permeable rock fractures proposed in this study are expected to serve as foundational data for the successful implementation of underground research projects targeting deep rock aquifers.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.331-339
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• 2024

This study seeks to expand the jewelry market and overall development of the industry by understanding the fashion jewelry market and researching marketing strategies based on changes in market consumption. Looking at recent changes in the jewelry market, the number of new consumers (fashion jewelry buyers) has increased since 2014, leading to a recovery in purchases and strong sales. However, the decline in costs is prolonged, the focus on purchasing low-priced products is increasing, and there is a growing trend of purchasing products other than rings. Items are becoming more diverse, including bracelets and necklaces, and the popularity of imported products and brands is intensifying. Ultimately, the penetration of fashion jewelry and the growth of imported brands are expected to continue for a long time. The fashion jewelry market is a market that appears to have ample potential to grow into a larger market, filling the structural limitations of the jewelry market and providing consumer satisfaction in line with recent consumption trends. If so, We need to think about how to grow and develop this market, and We need to view it as a jewelry market in a broad sense, and it is a market that can serve as a bridgehead for the precious metal jewelry market to expand into the accessory market in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to create a jewelry market by utilizing the advantages of fashion jewelry, such as diversity of materials and expressions, price competitiveness, wide distribution channels and consumer accessibility, reflection of trends, and consumer awareness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.3 s.151
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• pp.378-385
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• 2006

To release fashion trends in an efficient way, many of the apparel business and fashion educational institutes in land adopt fashion shows employing fashion models. Modeling rather than flat pattern making realizes the majority of the complicated design works for the fashion shows. However, for the different measurements between the dress form and the real human model, problems often occur during the modeling and fitting processes. Researches on the standard dress form development representing professional fashion models' features are therefore in urgent need to enable the related apparel business and fashion institutes to make appropriate use of the dress form in their jobs. The study has been conducted as a preliminary study using a questionnaire method ultimately to develop the female dress form. A questionnaire in the research aimed at an investigation into the actual conditions of and satisfaction with the usage and the body measurements of existed dress forms. Approximately 30 fashion-related educational institutes and 10 apparel companies responded to the survey. Data derived from the survey was analyzed using SPSS version 10.1, the statistics tool. The results throughout the research were discussed in terms of largely three categories that are; (1) the general conditions of the usage of the dress form to prepare fashion shows: e.g. the frequency of holding the fashion show in an annual term, the proportion of professional and amateur models employed for the fashion show, the methods to construct garments, types and number of dress forms utilized and etc.; (2) factors considered to purchase the dress form e.g. its functionality, shapes, sizes, duration, price, A/S condition and etc.; and(3) satisfaction with the similarity between the dress form and the human body in the relation to the body measurements. Measurements in length wise, front and back waist lengths, neck to bust point on the dress forms were apparently differed from the ones of the actual body. In particular, differed torso length measurements cause the problem to have to alter the whole silhouette, consequently, the resultant patterns as well. In girth measurements, in order of bust and waist girths, the satisfaction was low.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.60-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify detailed factors that affect visitor satisfactions of the plants on display, environments of pedestrian road and facility of each theme garden by conducting a survey of visitors to Jade Garden. The 400 data including 100 copies per theme garden were used for statistical analysis. The statistical techniques used in the survey analysis include multi-regression analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance(ANOVA). As a result of the analysis, most of theme gardens tended to have the greatest impact on the satisfaction of the plants on display and the lowest level of facility satisfaction. According to detailed factors analysis of the satisfaction of plants on display satisfaction of plant diversity and the method of plant display were most affected in most of the theme gardens. Among them, promoting the satisfaction of plant diversity is necessary to plant various species, but in case of Ginkgo Maze Garden, a type of tree community as one tree(Ginkgo biloba), the satisfaction of plants diversity did not show a rising-up value. Therefore, it was confirmed that the appropriate degree of plants diversity depends on the theme or environment of the garden. In the case of the pedestrian-road-satisfaction, the width of the pedestrian road was the most affected, It was analyzed that whether the point of intersection can be easily available during peak season has a significant impact on the satisfaction of visitors. In the case of facility satisfaction, it was analyzed that the presence of rest and convenience facilities had the most direct influence on visitors, so the facility diversity had the greatest influence. Therefore, it is necessary to more systematically categorize and consider the influential detailed factors such as plants diversity and methods of plant display, width of pedestrian road and facilities diversity for the management and development of the arboretum.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Recently, there has been rapid development in the field of flexible electronic devices, such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells and flexible sensors. Encapsulation process is added to protect the flexible electronic devices from exposure to oxygen and moisture in the air. Using numerical simulation, we investigated the effects of the encapsulation layer on mechanical stability of the silicon chip, especially the fracture performance of center crack in multi-layer package for various loading condition. The multi-layer package is categorized in two type - a wide chip model in which the chip has a large width and encapsulation layer covers only the chip, and a narrow chip model in which the chip covers both the substrate and the chip with smaller width than the substrate. In the wide chip model where the external load acts directly on the chip, the encapsulation layer with high stiffness enhanced the crack resistance of the film chip as the thickness of the encapsulation layer increased regardless of loading conditions. In contrast, the encapsulation layer with high stiffness reduced the crack resistance of the film chip in the narrow chip model for the case of external tensile strain loading. This is because the external load is transferred to the chip through the encapsulation layer and the small load acts on the chip for the weak encapsulation layer in the narrow chip model. When the bending moment acts on the narrow model, thin encapsulation layer and thick encapsulation layer show the opposite results since the neutral axis is moving toward the chip with a crack and load acting on chip decreases consequently as the thickness of encapsulation layer increases. The present study is expected to provide practical design guidance to enhance the durability and fracture performance of the silicon chip in the multilayer package with encapsulation layer.