Recently there are growing needs and demand to enhance 'Unity of knowledge' as the concept of "Creating new value through integration and convergence" is developing rapidly in many different areas in the society. This also has significant implication to education. Especially, it requires paradigm shift in terms of required capabilities and qualifications for the students with science major. To accommodate this trend, Natural Sciences and Engineering's College has been increasing convergence education which focus on cultivating creative and cooperative learning capabilities as well as acquiring fundamental knowledge of individual majors. However, convergence education developed and implemented by Sciences college or liberal education so far has been mechanical combination of knowledge from different academic fields - not effectively integrated and interdisciplinary education. Given this situation, this research is to develop and propose a "convergence education program based on the development of scientific and cultural contents" as an education tool to enhance capabilities to apply and re-create integrated knowledge as well as acquire and learn existing knowledge. Education program developed in this research aims to achieve two different and sequential capabilities. First is to understand 'Science and Technology' and 'Cultural Archetype' which would be essential and useful to create cultural contents. Second is to develop capabilities to convert this understanding into cultural contents - a storytelling capability. This education program is differentiated in that it defines cultural contents as a medium to converge and integrate science and technology and humanities. By leveraging the concept of cultural content and storytelling, this education program would be able to overcome restrictions of existing interdisciplinary approach. Also, this program would encourage students to try in-depth research and new applications, and develop logical and creative thinking.
Kim, Daeho;Kim, Young-Oh;Jee, Hee Won;Kang, Tae-Ho
Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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v.53
no.5
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pp.323-336
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2020
Owing to climate change, the annual precipitation in Korea has increased since the 20th century, and it is projected to continue increasing in the future. This trend of increasing precipitation will raise the possibility of floods; hence, it is necessary to establish national adaptation plans for floods, based on a reasonable flood risk assessment. Therefore, this study focuses on developing a framework that can assess the flood risk across the country, as well as computing the flood risk index (FRI). The framework, which is based on IPCC AR5, is established as a combination of three indicators: hazard, exposure, and capacity. A data-based approach was used, and the weights of each component were assigned to improve the validity of the FRI. A Spearman correlation analysis between the FRI and flood damage verified that the index was capable of assessing potential flood damage. When predicting scenarios for future assessment using the HadGEM3-RA based on RCP 4.5 and 8.5, the flood risk tends to be lower in the early and mid-21st century, and it becomes higher at the end of the 21st century as compared with the present.
Kim, Wonsik;Woo, Nam-Sub;Park, Jongmyung;Kim, Hyundo;Kang, Dong-Hyo;Park, In-Seok;Kim, Young-Jun;Joo, Yonghwan;Lee, Ho-Young
Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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v.17
no.1
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pp.34-44
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2014
Because offshore plant industry needs to design, deploy and operate much of equipment especially, the latest trend shows the installation of production facilities is augmented in the subsea. The installed facilities are very difficult to be repaired or changed because they are located in the subsea. For solving these problems, both the directly related information of the production like the optimal number, position and depth of wells and the distribution for effective operation and safety of equipment of subsea should be considered at the preliminary stage of FEED (Front End Engineering Design). The marine exploration is introduced in this paper for providing the fundamental technology to answer the questions related to above considering points. First, some kinds of the offshore plant facilities are enumerated and aims of marine exploration for the offshore oil/gas development are summarized. In addition to it, the main roles of marine survey, in the step of designing and installing offshore oil-gas plant, development are briefly listed. And then foreign examples are shown to help the reader's understand. This paper is hoped to be helpful for understanding the marine exploration that can be applied to offshore oil/gas plant and to be contributed to developing the domestic techniques in this field for the future.
Massive environmental monitoring has been conducted continuously since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power accident in March of 2011 by different monitoring methods that have different features together with migration studies of radiocesium in diverse environments. These results have clarified the characteristics of radiological environments and their temporal change around the Fukushima site. At three months after the accident, multiple radionuclides including radiostrontium and plutonium were detected in many locations; and it was confirmed that radiocesium was most important from the viewpoint of long-term exposure. Radiation levels around the Fukushima site have decreased greatly over time. The decreasing trend was found to change variously according to local conditions. The air dose rates in environments related to human living have decreased faster than expected from radioactive decay by a factor of 2-3 on average; those in pure forest have decreased more closely to physical decay. The main causes of air dose rate reduction were judged to be radioactive decay, movement of radiocesium in vertical and horizontal directions, and decontamination. Land-use categories and human activities have significantly affected the reduction tendency. Difference in the air dose rate reduction trends can be explained qualitatively according to the knowledge obtained in radiocesium migration studies; whereas, the quantitative explanation for individual sites is an important future challenge. The ecological half-lives of air dose rates have been evaluated by several researchers, and a short-term half-life within 1 year was commonly observed in the studies. An empirical model for predicting air dose rate distribution was developed based on statistical analysis of an extensive car-borne survey dataset, which enabled the prediction with confidence intervals. Different types of contamination maps were integrated to better quantify the spatial data. The obtained data were used for extended studies such as for identifying the main reactor that caused the contamination of arbitrary regions and developing standard procedures for environmental measurement and sampling. Annual external exposure doses for residents who intended to return to their homes were estimated as within a few millisieverts. Different forms of environmental data and knowledge have been provided for wide spectrum of people. Diverse aspects of lessons learned from the Fukushima accident, including practical ones, must be passed on to future generations.
Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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v.27
no.4
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pp.196-205
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2017
In recent years, the service design in the medical sector evolves through practical service research and development that can visualize both intangible and intangible service elements in an integrative way and derive innovative solutions to help customers feel the service more important value. With the improvement of personal income, interest in medical welfare and well-being is increasing day by day, and the focus of the medical sector shifts from the concept of treatment of diseases and illness to preventive medicine. In response to this trend, research and development of home health care system, which greatly reduces the time and space constraint of health checkup and health care by combining ubiquitous concept with medical welfare, are being actively conducted, and the needs for improving products and medical environment based on user-centered medical service and user needs in accordance with the Health Care 3.0 Era, it becomes necessary to develop on-site medical diagnostic products that reflect user-centered needs and needs. This study is intended to research and develop a product that sufficiently reflects the needs of users by applying suitable materials and shape for on-site diagnostic product in researching and developing Wireless X-ray Detector.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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v.22
no.1
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pp.22-29
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2013
In general, to conduct aesthetic restorations, various analyses are carried out using a camera from the initial examination with the final prosthesis in consideration. With the reality that many dentists are using digital cameras, it can be considered that the time of digital impression has already started. Just as the recent general trend is that more and more internationally renowned photographers are switching their film cameras to digital counterparts, it is likely that CAD/CAM will show another direction in the area of the aesthetic dentistry that we may want to pursue. With the word 'digital', the convenience and economics often come to mind in the first place. However, from the dental clinical viewpoint, it is important to improve and develop the CAD/CAM system based on understanding its specialty and superiority while respecting the conventional analog techniques. However, a regretful aspect is that it is often difficult to catch up with the latest advancements for proper referencing and follow-up of digital technologies since the CAD/CAM device and material are developing very rapidly. Accordingly, although it is ideal to have hands-on experiences in various digital material and devices, and adapt to their fast changes, it must be stressed that the clinical application is to be implemented on the basis of the proven traditional way of dental clinics in order to obtain better outcomes. This presentation will explore types of approaches that can be made by combining the traditional techniques and the CAD/CAM from the aesthetic viewpoint. In addition, it is hoped and eagerly awaited that the CAD/CAM restoration may play a significant role in the field of the 'digital art'.
Typography is very important for the delivery of information and for its aesthetic functions, typography focuses on facilitating faster and easier legibility for audience in modern society. But analysis for pre-studies for typography are limited in trend in the center of Kinetic Typography, dissolution of typography and territory extend as well as its typography analyzed by plastic arts aspects to acutely requiring expressing strategy and study based on typographic theory in working-level are insufficient. This study is to apply systematic theory to typography in order to suggest guidelines for increasing utility of typography for graphic design. It presents case studies, organized by theme, focusing on graphic design artworks featured in world-renowned specialty publications like the Creative 38 Annual Awards during 2008 and 2009. For practical help to designers engaged in various projects, it also suggests practical tactics for development that may enhance creative strategies in the creation of designs adopting typography. This study offers systematic usage methods of typography to the practical graphic designers and expected to contribute to the development of graphic designs that stimulate the visual senses of their audiences.
Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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v.36
no.1
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pp.185-194
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2012
Deepwater oil is becoming more attractive because most onshore and shallow water oil is developing or developed. With the on-going trend to deepwater oil developments, flow assurance problems which prevent oil flow from reservoir to processing facilities are becoming an issue because deposited material can be occurred in case oil is exposed to very different environment from reservoir. Wax deposition which is one of flow assurance problems can be a major technical and economic issue because it is very sensitive to temperature. In order to predict and mitigate wax problems, the precise measurement of wax appearance temperature (WAT) which is the starting temperature of wax precipitation is very important. Various methods have been suggested for WAT measurement of opaque oil because there is no standard method for opaque oil. In this study, the WAT of opaque oil samples was measured using viscosity measurement method, differential scanning calorimetry, filter plugging method, and pressurized filter plugging method. Wax deposition test and high temperature gas chromatography analysis were applied to verify measured WAT. As a result of study, the WAT of opaque oils was successfully measured and verified. If WAT measurement methods of opaque oil related to oil characteristics is systematized using the results of this study, it can be a valuable tool for WAT measurement of opaque oil and flow assurance related to wax deposition.
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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v.22
no.5
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pp.547-553
/
2016
Black carbon (BC) contained in particulate matter (PM) originating from the exhaust gases of ships' diesel engines has been receiving great attention as a cause of glacial melting and warming in the polar regions. In this study, we took samples from various locations of PM emitted from the training ship (T/S) HANBADA's main engine, in cooperation with the Korea Maritime and Ocean University. We analyzed the structure and characteristics of these samples using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and applied our findings as fundamental research for developing PM reduction technology. We also employed our results to determine appropriate preemptive action to meet upcoming PM/BC regulations. In addition, we confirmed the emission trend of pollutants from exhaust gases under various engine operating conditions using an exhaust gas analyzer. Results obtained from the analysis of HR-TEM images showed that the structure of the PM is chain-like wispy agglomerates consisting of a number of individual spherical particles. As the sampling location was moved away from the turbo charger (T/C) towards the funnel, more condensates were observed at a low temperature and the molecular structure of the PM lost its characteristic BC structure as an amorphous structure gradually appeared. Furthermore, through the analysis of exhaust gases, we predicted a decrease in PM concentration in the exhaust stream as engine rpm increase.
Background: Breast cancer is known to be one of the most prevalent cancers among women in both developing and developed countries. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan has increased dramatically within the last few years and is the second country after Israel in Asia to have highest proportional cases of breast cancer. However, there are limited data for breast cancer available in the literature from Pakistan. Objectives: The study was conducted to bring to light the common clinical presentation of breast cancer and to evaluate the frequency of established risk factors in breast carcinoma patients and furthermore to compare the findings between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A 6 months (from July 2012 to Dec 2012) cross sectional survey was conducted in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. Data were collected though a well developed questionnaire from 105 female patients diagnosed with carcinoma of breast and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Institutional ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Results: Out of 105 patients, 43 were premenopausal and 62 were postmenopausal, 99 being married. Mean age at diagnosis was $47.8{\pm}12.4years$. A painless lump was the most frequent symptom, notived by 77.1%(n=81). Some 55.2% (n=58) patients had a lump in the right breast and 44.8%(n=47) in the left breast. In the majority of cases, the lump was present in upper outer quadrant 41.9% (n=44). Mean period of delay from appearance of symptoms to consulting a doctor was $5.13{\pm}4.8months$, from the shortest 1 month to the longest 36 months. Long delay (> 3 months) was the most frequent figure 41.9%. Considering overall risk factors most frequent were first pregnancy after 20 years of age (41%), physical breast trauma (28.6%), lack of breast feeding(21.9%), and early menarche <11 years (19%), followed by null parity (16.2%), consumption of high fat diet (15.2%), family history of breast cancer or any other cancer in first degree relatives (9.5% and 13.3%, respectively). Some of the less common factors were late menopause >54 years (8.6%), use of oral contraceptive pills (10.5%), use of hormone replacement therapy (4.7%),smoking (4.7%) and radiation (0.96%). Significant differences (p<0.005) were observed between pre and post menopausal women regarding history of physical breast trauma, practice of breast feeding and parity. Conclusions: A painless lump was the most frequent clinical presentation noted. Overall age at first child > 20 years, physical breast trauma, lack of breast feeding, early menarche <11 were the most frequent risk factors. Physical breast trauma, lower parity, a trend for less breast feeding had more significant associations with pre-menopausal than post-menopausal onset. Increase opportunity of disease prevention can be obtained through better understanding of clinical presentation and risk factors important in the etiology of breast cancer.
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