• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2012

The coordinated action of the detrusor muscle cells in the urinary bladder is governed by cell-cell communication through gap junction, consisted of connexin (Cx) molecules. Even though a number of researches have been mostly focused on expressional changes of a few Cx isoforms in clinically dysfunctional condition of the bladder, less attention has been paid for investigation of Cx isoforms present in the bladder. Using real-time PCR analysis, the present study examined Cx isoforms expressing in the male rat bladder during postnatal period. Also, expressional patterns of Cx isoforms were evaluated in the bladder at different postnatal ages. Of a total of 13 Cx isoforms tested in the present study, we were able to detect mRNAs of 6 Cx isoforms in the rat urinary bladder, including Cxs 31, 31.1, 32, 37, 40, and 45. The transcript levels of Cxs 31, 31.1, 37, 40, and 45 were gradually increased from 1 week of age until 25 days of age, followed by transient decreases at 45 days of age. However, abundance of Cx32 transcript was drastically increased at 15 days of age, followed by a sharp drop at 45 days of age. These results indicate that differential expression of Cx isoforms in the bladder during postnatal development would be necessary for maintaining proper function of the bladder. A question remains to be answered if significant decreases of transcript levels of some Cx isoforms at the elderly are associated with age-dependent dysfunction of the bladder.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10971-10975
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate bladder and intestinal function recovery and quality of sexual life after laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (LNRH) for treatment of early invasive cervical carcinoma. Methods: Subjects included patients who underwent radical hysterectomy by laparotomy who were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 30 patients who underwent LNRH and 35 classical laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH). We assessed the patients general clinical information, surgical characteristics, pathological findings, and adjuvant therapies. A urodynamic study was used to assess bladder function. Intestinal function recovery and quality of sexual life were evaluated by questionnaire. Results: No significant differences were found in age, surgery characteristics, pathological findings, adjuvant therapies, and main adverse effects between the 2 groups. The mean duration of the postoperative catheterization (DPC) in group LNRH was shorter than that in group LRH (P < 0.001). The maximum flow rate, maximum cystometric capacity, maximum detrusor pressure and urinary complications in group LNRH were better than those in group LRH. The quality of sexual life evaluated according to the female sexual function index (FSFI) was better in group LNRH than in those who underwent LRH. The intestinal function of patients in group LNRH also recovered better compared with patients in group LRH.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and urodynamic parameters to investigate the characteristics of mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: The subjects were 318 women with MUI and 128 women with SUI. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records including Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms-Scored Form (BFLUTS-SF), Incontinence Quality of Life Instrument (I-QOL), voiding diaries, and urodynamic parameters. Results: Compared with the SUI group, the MUI group was older and showed lower I-QOL and more severe urinary tract symptoms. The MUI group had more urinary frequency, more nocturia, and a higher urgency score than the SUI group. In the correlation analysis, the greatest difference between the two groups was that urgency was associated with Qmax, maximal cystometric capacity, and detrusor overactivity only in the MUI group (r = -.175, p= .004; r = -.281, p< .001; r= .232, p< .001, respectively). Conclusion: As a result of this study, we propose that a customized management program that emphasizes the control of urgency for the MUI group, and one that effectively strengthens the weak pelvic floor for the SUI group.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2013

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) from the urinary bladder regulate detrusor smooth muscle activities. We cultured ICCs from the urinary bladder of mice and performed patch clamp and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) imaging to investigate whether cultured ICCs can be a valuable tool for cellular functional studies. The cultured ICCs displayed two types of spontaneous electrical activities which are similar to those recorded in intact bladder tissues. Spontaneous electrical activities of cultured ICCs were nifedipine-sensitive. Carbachol and ATP, both excitatory neurotransmitters in the urinary bladder, depolarized the membrane and increased the frequency of spike potentials. Carbachol increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillations and basal $Ca^{2+}$ levels, which were blocked by atropine. These results suggest that cultured ICCs from the urinary bladder retain rhythmic phenotypes similar to the spontaneous electrical activities recorded from the intact urinary bladder. Therefore, we suggest that cultured ICCs from the urinary bladder may be useful for cellular and molecular studies of ICCs.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1980

Etomidoline ($Nonspa^{\circledR}$), which is chemically related to tertiary amine, is new synthetic antispasmodic agent with analgesic action. Antispasmodic effect of this agent is stronger than hyoscine butylbromide ($Buscopan^{\circledR}$), quaternary amine, and the absorption from intestine is also much higher. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of etomidoline on duodenal motility and other smooth muscles of rabbit. Strips of various isolated smooth muscle, 2 cm long from adult rabbits weighting about 2 kg, were suspended in a muscle chamber containing Tyrode's solution, which was bubbled with oxygen gas, and the temperature of the solution was kept constant at $38^{\circ}C$. After being washed with fresh solution several times the strips of smooth muscle attained constant motility and tonus. Etomidoline and other drugs were added in various concentrations to the chamber. Contractility of the strips was measured by using polygraph (Grass, model 7). The results are as follows: 1) In isolated rabbit atrium etomidoline produces a slight depression of contractility and the rate is also decreased. 2) On the other hand, etomidoline relaxed isolated strips of stomach, duodenal, and detrusor of rabbit. This relaxing effect of etomidoline on isolated duodenal strip of rabbit was not blocked by ${\alpha}$-adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, but by ${\beta}$-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol. 3) Etomidoline did not exert any effect on isolated aorta, gall bladder, and trigone of rabbit. From the above results, it may be concluded that the relaxing effect of etomidoline on duodenal strip is related ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2008

복압 측정을 위한 기존의 카데터 방법은 배뇨압에 영향을 줄 수 있는 많은 오차를 유발할 수 있으며 환자에게 불편함을 야기한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 표면 근전도를 이용하여 비침습적으로 복압을 측정할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 개발하였다. 연구 결과, 기존 직장 카테터를 이용하여 측정된 복압과 복압측정 알고리즘을 이용하여 추정된 복압 간의 상관계수는 $0.79{\pm}0.06$이었으며, 두 신호간의 오차는 $0.10{\pm}0.07$이었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 복압추정 알고리즘을 이용하면 휴대용 요역동학 검사 시 편리하게 간접적으로 복압을 측정할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(5)
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• pp.293-296
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• 2002

In this study, the object is a development on uroflowmetry system to detect a voiding symptom conveniently in home or hospital. The hardware was composed of mechanism and system circuit part, the software was divided into firmware and PC program part. The following experiment was performed to evaluate an ability of classification and fitness. First, the following parameters was calculated in each flow curve pattern. The parameters are MFR, AFR, VOL, VT, FT, and TMF. A significant difference among parameters was examined through a statistical analysis for extracted parameters between normal and abnormal group. In the next work, the following experimentation was performed to classify the voiding symptom. Analysis of congregate rate was examined to find out classification possibility about each symptom of BPH, voiding difficulty, detrusor failure and hyperreflexia, unstable bladder. The uroflow data with the above symptom was divided into normal and abnormal group using fuzzy classifier. and that was performed appending the other group again. Fuzzy classification result using MFR and AFR was superior by 89.6 % more than grouping evaluation including VOL.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1100-1105
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• 2018

Study Design: Prospective observational study. Purpose: To determine the incidence of postoperative urinary retention (POUR) in patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar spine surgery and identify the risk factors associated with the development of POUR. Overview of Literature: POUR following surgery can lead to detrusor dysfunction, urinary tract infections, prolonged hospital stay, and a higher treatment cost; however, the risk factors for POUR in spine surgery remain unclear. Methods: A prospective, consecutive analysis was conducted on patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar surgery in the form of lumbar discectomy, lumbar decompression, and single-level lumbar fusions during a 6-month period. Patients with spine trauma, preoperative neurological deficit, previous urinary disturbance/symptoms, multiple-level fusion, and preoperative catheterization were excluded from the study. Potential patient- and surgery-dependent risk factors for the development of POUR were assessed. Univariate analysis and a multiple logistical regression analysis were performed. Results: A total of 687 patients underwent posterior lumbar spine surgery during the study period; among these, 370 patients were included in the final analysis. Sixty-one patients developed POUR, with an incidence of 16.48%. Significant risk factors for POUR were older age, higher body mass index (BMI), surgery duration, intraoperative fluid administration, lumbar fusion versus discectomy/decompression, and higher postoperative pain scores (p<0.05 for all). Sex, diabetes, and the type of inhalational agent used during anesthesia were not significantly associated with POUR. Multiple logistical regression analysis, including age, BMI, surgery duration, intraoperative fluid administration, fusion surgery, and postoperative pain scores demonstrated a predictive value of 92% for the study population and 97% for the POUR group. Conclusions: POUR was associated with older age, higher BMI, longer surgery duration, a larger volume of intraoperative fluid administration, and higher postoperative pain scores. The contribution of postoperative pain scores in the multiple regression analysis was a significant predictor of POUR.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권6호
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• pp.759-767
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• 1997

In the present study, we characterized the non-vascular smooth muscle relaxant effects of a novel benzoyran derivative ,SKP-450 (2-[2'(1',3'-dioxolone)-2-methyl-4- (2'-oxo-1'-pyrrolidinyl) -6-nitro-2H-1- benzopyran) and its metabolite, SKP-310, in comparison with levcromakalim (LCRK). In the rat stomach fundus, the spontaneous motility stimulated by $10^{-6.5}\;M$ bethanechol was completely eliminated not only by $10^{-7}\;M$ SKP-450 but also by $10^{-6}\;M$ LCRK, which were blocked by $10^{-6}\;M$ glibenclamide. The inhibitory effect of SKP-450 $pD_2,\;3.94{\pm}0.66)$ was much less than LCRK $(pD2,\;5.73{\pm}0.38,\;p<0.05)$. In the bethanechol $(10{-6.5 }\;M)-stimulated$ urinary bladder, the tonus was decreased in association with elimination of spontaneous motility by $10^{-7}\;M$ M SKP-450 and $10^{-6}\;M\;LCRK\;(pD2,\;6.77{\pm}0.06)\;(P<0.05)$, which were inhibitable by $10^{-6}\;M$ glibenclamide. The inhibitory effect of SKP-450 $(pD2,\;7.66{\pm}0.05)$ was significantly more potent than that of LCRK $(pD2,\;6.77{\pm}0.06,\;p<0.05)$. In the rat uterus stimulated by $PGF_{2\alpha}\;(10^{-7}\;M)$, both increased tonus and spontaneous motility were eliminated by $10^{-6}\;M$ LCRK with slight depression of the tonus, but not by SKP-450 $(10^{-5}\;M)$. The stimulated trachea of guinea-pig by $10^{-6.5}\;M$ bethanechol was moderately suppressed by SKP-450 $(10^{-6}{sim}10^{-5}\;M)$ but little by SKP-310. In association with the relaxant effects, SKP-450 $(10^{-6}\;M)$ and LCRK $(10^{-5}\;M)$ caused a significant stimulation of the $^{86}Rb$ efflux from rat urinary bladder and stomach fundus, which were antagonized by $10^{-5}\;M$ glibenclamide, whereas the $K^+$ channel openers could not exert a stimulation of the $^{86}Rb$ efflux from rat uterus. In conclusion, it is suggested that SKP-450 exerts potent relaxant effects on the urinary bladder detrusor muscle and duodenum, whereas it shows much less effect on stomach fundus and uterus as contrasted to LCRK.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2023

아미노아실-tRNA 합성효소는 단백질을 만드는 번역(translation)단계에서 아미노산을 활성화시키고 적절한 아미노산을 해당 tRNA에 결합을 시키는 중요한 효소이며, IARS2 유전자는 미토콘드리아에서 작용하는 isoleucylt-RNA 합성효소를 코딩하는 핵의 유전자이다. IARS2 유전자의 돌연변이는 백내장, 성장 호르몬 결핍, 감각 신경병증, 감각신경성 난청, 골격 형성 이상 증후군의 특징을 보이는 CAGSSS (MIM#616007)라는 희귀 질환의 원인으로 상염색체 열성으로 유전된다. 현재까지 이 증례 보고를 포함하여 29명의 환자만이 보고가 되었음에도 단지 백내장의 증상만 나타냈던 환자, 그리고 신경학적 증상이 두드러지는 Leigh 증후군을 유발하면서 여러 장기에 영향을 주는 환자 등 다양한 임상 증상의 환자가 보고되었다. Leigh 증후군은 드문 진행성 신경 퇴행성 미토콘드리아 질환이다. 이 연구는 IARS2 연관된 Leigh 증후군의 환자에서 방광 기능의 이상의 표현형을 보고하는 첫 증례 보고로 의미가 있다. 5세의 한국인 여아는 복부 팽만을 동반한 복통으로 응급실에 내원하였으며, 복부CT에서 명백한 폐쇄 증상, 급성 신장염, 요로감염의 징후가 보이지 않으면서 현저하게 팽창된 방광이 확인 되었다. 여아의 발달 상태는 발달 저하를 보이면서, 6개월에 뒤집기가 가능하였지만 이후는 신경학적 퇴행으로 내원당시에는 목 가누기도 되지 않고, 의미 있는 단어를 말하지도 못하는 전반적인 발달 지연 상태였다. 2세에는 양쪽 눈의 백내장이 발생하여 수술한 과거력이 있었다. 뇌 MRI T2 강조영상에서는 양쪽에 대칭적으로 기저핵(basal ganglia)에 고신호를 보였고, 이는 Leigh 증후군에 전형적인 영상의 특징이다. Whole mitochondrial genome의 유전자검사를 시행했지만 의미 있는 돌연변이가 확인되지 않았으므로, Whole exome sequencing 검사를 시행했으며, IARS2 유전자의 이중대립유전자 돌연변이(biallelic mutation), c.2446C>T (p. Arg816Ter)와 c.2450G>A (p. Arg817His)가 확인이 되었고 부모님은 보인자였다. 현재까지 IARS2 유전자의 돌연변이를 가지는 환자 중에서 신경학적 발달 저하, 인지장애 등의 증상이 동반된 환자는 신체의 다중장기질환의 증상으로 심비대, 부정맥, 빈혈, 측만증, 청력 저하, 뇌전증, 부갑상선저하증이 알려졌으나, 이 연구에서 IARS2 유전자 돌연변이를 가진 환자에서 배뇨근의 이상을 동반한 과민성방광증상을 확인하여 방광이상증상을 처음 보고를 한다. IARS2 유전자의 이상이 확인된 환자에서는 하부요로이상증상이 동반 가능성에 대해서 인지하는 것이 필요하고, 증상이 보이면 배뇨 일지나 요역동학검사를 통해서 조기에 진단 및 치료가 환자의 관리에 필요할 수 있다. 이 증례 보고는 IARS2 유전자의 임상 양상의 확대 및 유전자의 이해를 넓히는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.