• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2002

This study investigated the influential range of landmarks and the relationship between landmarks and cognition factor so as to offer basic data to be used for the effective use and the management of landmarks. In this study, eighteen famous landmark in Seoul were selected and analyzed. The result of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) First, eighteen determining elements of cognition factors were selected via documents survey. Second, general cognition factors of landmarks were analysed using these elements through questionnaires to specialists. As a result of factor analysis, historic cultural factor, scale factor, visual form factor, locational factor and uniqueness factor were revealed. 2) According to revealed cognition factor, eighteen landmarks are categorized into four types using MDS method via questionnaire to resident in Seoul city. These four types of landmarks are: type I that are recognized by historic cultural factor; type II that are recognized by scale factor; type III that are recognized by uniqueness factor; and type IV that are recognized by visual form factor. 3) As the result of regression, the influential range of landmarks were revealed at about a 10km radius(type I : 12km type II : whole area of Seoul city≒15km, typeIII : 8.7km, typeIV : 8.5km). 4) As a result of analysing the correlation between the influential range and the cognition factor through multiple linear regression analysis, the locational factor is the main factor affecting the influential range of landmarks in every type. The uniqueness factor comes next, which affects influential range partially. 5) Except type 1, as a result of analysing the correlation between influential range and the physical heights of landmarks, a quadratic equation is revealed, showing that the influential range of landmarks over 200 meters in height shows a radical change. Landmarks can be used as reinforcement tools of legibility, effective tools for landscape management and for the improvement of a community's image. This study on the influential range of landmarks and main cognition factor can be utilized as a landmark management plan and in urban planning, such as a new town plan.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.341-349
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• 2009

This study compares the relative effectiveness of affective factor(Ad attitude) and cognitive factor(Brand cognition) on brand attitude among three ad types - direct comparative, indirect comparative, and noncomparative ads. The results showed that in direct comparative advertising context the brand cognition is dominant in determining brand attitude. In indirect comparative advertising context brand cognition is also dominant in determining brand attitude, but the difference is less than direct comparative advertising. In noncomparative advertising context the ads attitude is dominant in determining brand attitude. According to research outcomes, it could be said that direct comparative advertising is more effective than indirect comparative advertising.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.101-117
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• 2013

This study compares the relative effectiveness of affective factor(Ad attitude) and cognitive factor(candidate cognition) on candidate attitude among three ad types - direct comparative, indirect comparative, and noncomparative ads. The results showed that in direct comparative advertising context the candidate cognition is dominant in determining candidate attitude. In indirect comparative advertising context candidate cognition is also dominant in determining candidate attitude, but the difference is less than direct comparative advertising. In noncomparative advertising context the ads attitude is dominant in determining candidate attitude. According to research outcomes, it could be said that direct comparative advertising is more effective than indirect comparative advertising in political advertising area.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to survey mathematics teacher's cognition of proof along with their proof forms of expression and proof ability, and to explore the relationship between their proof scheme and teaching practice. This study shows that mathematics teachers tend to regard proof as a deduction from assumption to conclusion and that they prefer formal proof with mathematical symbols. Mathematics teachers also recognize that prof is an important area in school mathematics but they reveal poor understanding of teaching methods of proof. Teachers tend to depend on the proof style employed in mathematics textbooks. This study demonstrates that a proof scheme is a major factor of determining the teaching method of proof.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2012

Objective: This study aimed to summarize and analyze the usage of and the satisfaction levels with combined treatment including Oriental and Western medicine. Methods: We searched studies on the usage of and the satisfaction levels with combined treatment including Oriental and Western medicine over the past 10 yrs (2001-2011) from 3 Korean databases (National Assembly Library, Research Information Service System, and National Discovery for Science Leaders). The reviewers also conducted a summarizing analysis by sampling the literature according to the type of study, study period, region, study subjects, sample size, type of sampling, research method, data analysis, study instruments, main results, etc. Results: When the main results of six studies on combined treatment usage and satisfaction levels were considered together, the most important decisive factor in determining the usage of combined treatment was the illness of the patient, followed by the patient's occupation, sex, age, education, marital status, religion, treatment cost, and treatment results. In addition, the most important factor that determined satisfaction levels with combined treatment was age, followed by education, religion, income, health status, treatment procedures, staff attitude, and cleanliness. Conclusions: Elderly patients with musculoskeletal, cerebro-vascular, and circulatory system illnesses are more likely to prefer combined treatment over independent Oriental or Western treatment and are more likely to request specialized, adjusted medical care.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.437-442
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• 2021

This article highlights the importance of design in the formation of worldview paradigms in global culture. The research aims to investigate the design development as a part of the culture and its significance in the social development of society and worldview standards. The article uses general scientific methods of cognition, showing the transformation of design in the social and cultural sphere based on scientific and business literature. The research results show the chronology of design development as a factor determining the development of society and its worldview. In particular, the epoch of modernism, classical functionalism, postmodernism, post-industrialism, and digital design show their own particularities of design development. Furthermore, the article reveals the peculiarities of design development and its requirements depending on the development of society, progress, and civilization in general. The question of current and future trends in the development of design as a factor of worldview paradigms in the culture is based on digitalization, globalization, and the formation of design as an independent entity that determines man's place in the world and society.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.157-171
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• 2014

A organization of social enterprises is to achieve various goals such as private interests, the public nature, and social policy. For fulfilling these goals, we have to understand the various success factors. These success factors were shared among peoples. This study explored a position of structure of social network formed by success factors of Social Enterprises with importance. A position within social network defined a number of link connected other nodes. A position is closely associated with to individual's behaviors, opinions and thinking. We used social network analysis with two mode method for explaining feathers of structure of social network formed by success factors shared among peoples. We choose degree centrality for determining a position within social network. Centrality is a key measure in social network analysis. Results is that shared success factors are operation capital(15.15%) totally, and by Buying experience of products of Social Enterprises, Business Compliance(14.39%) and planning(12.88%), and by usage time of smart devices, Business Support(17.05%) and planning(16.10%). and the dominant success factor was not explored.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

Purpose - Goal setting is effective in any domain in which an individual or group has some control over the outcomes. It applies not only to work tasks but also to sports and health, and in various other settings. Its success depends on considering the mediators and moderators determining its efficacy and applicability. This study investigates the individual factors influencing academic goal attainability. Unlike previous studies, we focused on the effect of the relationships between individual traits (passion, tenacity, self-control) and specific motivation (vision, self-efficacy, implementation intentions) with academic goal attainability, rather than the effects of the relationship between commitment and the goal shielding mechanism with goal attainability. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed by the SPSS program. A total of 293 school students, who participated in the TOEIC program, participated in the survey. Slightly more than half were female (male: n=145 vs. female: n=148). We verified nine hypotheses through various statistical methods (reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model for the hypothesis test, bootstrapping test for the mediation test). Results - Data was analyzed in three phases. The first phase involved measurement analysis (i.e., item purification and factor structure confirmation), involving the scales of the three variables of individual traits, three mechanism variables, and goal attainability. The second phase involved estimating the proposed structural relationships among the key constructs (see Figure 1), using the results to test H1 to H9. The final phase involved examining the mediating effects of the three variables (vision, implementation intention, and self-efficacy). The research model shows that the independent variable passion has a significant result with both the mediators-vision and self-efficacy. Further, vision and self-efficacy significantly affect goal attainability. The second variable, self-control, shows a significant effect when mediated by implementation intentions, but the direct relationship between implementation intension and goal attainability shows an insignificant result. However, when further mediated by self-efficacy, it showed a significant effect between self-efficacy and goal attainability. Similarly, the third variable, tenacity, shows an insignificant result when mediated by vision. In contrast, the mediator self-efficacy shows a positive effect between tenacity and goal attainability. Conclusions - This study shows how these individual traits, when mediated with the appropriate motivational factors, resulted significantly in the attainability of academic goals. We may identify several theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, we developed a step further in the research into consumer goals and related studies. Future research could examine the effects of different learning goal types and their combinations with performance goals (e.g., learning goals first, then performance goals), different types of goal framing (approach success vs. avoid failure), the relation between goals and cognition (which, by implication, entails all of cognitive psychology), goal hierarchies, and macro goal studies with organizations of different sizes. More studies on the relationship between conscious and subconscious goals would also be valuable.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.375-385
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• 2008

This research was conducted with the aim of providing basic data to a non profit organization's strategies by determining the influence of the service quality cognition of the aged people's excercise program on service satisfaction. The subject of this study was sixteen districts in city B, and aged people who participates in the district's exercise programs. 320 subjects were selected based on a purposeful sampling, and the survey sheets of 308 subjects, excluding 12 of those who lacked sincerity were used for th analysis. To prove the hypothesis of the study based on the sampled data, t-test, One-way ANOVA and regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS Ver. 12.0 statistics program, and the results are as follows: First, perceived service quality differed, but service satisfaction did not differed on the gender. Second, perceived service quality partially differed, but service satisfaction did not differed on the age. Third, perceived service quality partially differed, but service satisfaction did not differed on the frequency. Fourth, perceived service quality and service satisfaction partially differed depending on the period. Fifth, performance, out of the perceived service quality factor, was found to had positive influence on service satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.506-522
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• 1998

Visitors to Naesorak in Soraksan National Park were surveyed from July to December. During this time, 452 visitors were contacted. Of those individuals, 57.08% were males, 30.97% of respondents reported that they had gone beyond highschool, and almost one-half(49.12%) had gone as for as college, 40.93% were 10\cdot 20 years of age. The purpose of this is to suggest objective basic data for the use development and conservation management of the national park through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of the Naesorak in Soraksan National Park, for this, spatial images strusture of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaries. Result of this thesis can be summarized as follows. Factors covering the spatial image of the Naesorak in Soraksan National Park landscape have been found to be the overall spatial, potentiality, synthetic evaluation, physical and natural quality factors. As for the factors determining the degree of visual quality of clear of valley, peculiarity of configuration, natural of trail, harmony of suitable artificial planting and temple.