• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if double inversion recovery (DIR) imaging can have a role in the evaluation of brain ischemia, compared with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patients within 48 hours of onset, underwent MRI scans with FLAIR, DWI with b-value of 0 (B0) and $1000s/mm^2$, and DIR sequences. Patients were categorized into four groups: within three hours, three to six hours, six to 24 hours, and 24 to 48 hours after onset. Lesion-to-normal ratio (LNR) value was calculated and compared among all sequences within each group, by the Friedman test and conducted among all groups, for each sequence by the Kruskal-Wallis test. In qualitative assessment, signal intensity changes of DIR, B0, and FLAIR based on similarity with DWI and image quality of each sequence, were graded on a 3-point scale, respectively. Scores for detectability of lesions were compared by the McNemar's test. Results: LNR values from DWI were higher than DIR, but not statistically significant in all groups (P > 0.05). LNR values of DIR were significantly higher than FLAIR within 24 hours of onset (P < 0.05). LNR values were significantly different between, before, and after six hours onset time for DIR (P = 0.016), B0 (P = 0.008), and FLAIR (P = 0.018) but not for DWI (P = 0.051). Qualitative analysis demonstrated that detectability of DIR was higher, compared to that of FLAIR within 4.5 hours and six hours of onset (P < 0.05). Also, the DWI quality score was lower than that of DIR, particularly relative to infratentorial lesions. Conclusion: DIR provides higher detectability of hyperacute brain ischemia than B0 and FLAIR, and does not suffer from susceptibility artifact, unlike DWI. So, DIR can be used to replace evaluation of the FLAIR-DWI mismatch.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2021

In the case of military supplies, any potential failure and causes of failures must be considered. This study is aimed at examining the failure modes of a rotorcraft landing system to identify the priority items. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is applied to the rotorcraft landing system. In general, the FMEA is used to evaluate the reliability in engineering fields. Three elements, specifically, the severity, occurrence, and detectability are used to evaluate the failure modes. The risk priority number (RPN) can be obtained by multiplying the scores or the risk levels pertaining to severity, occurrence, and detectability. In this study, different weights of the three elements are considered for the RPN assessment to implement the FMEA. Furthermore, the FMEA is implemented using a fuzzy rule base, similarity aggregation model (SAM), and grey theory model (GTM) to perform a comparative analysis. The same input data are used for all models to enable a fair comparison. The FMEA is applied to military supplies by considering methodological issues. In general, the fuzzy theory is based on a hypothesis regarding the likelihood of the conversion of the crisp value to the fuzzy input. Fuzzy FMEA is the basic method to obtain the fuzzy RPN. The three elements of the FMEA are used as five linguistic terms. The membership functions as triangular fuzzy sets are the simplest models defined by the three elements. In addition, a fuzzy set is described using a membership function mapping the elements to the intervals 0 and 1. The fuzzy rule base is designed to identify the failure modes according to the expert knowledge. The IF-THEN criterion of the fuzzy rule base is formulated to convert a fuzzy input into a fuzzy output. The total number of rules is 125 in the fuzzy rule base. The SAM expresses the judgment corresponding to the individual experiences of the experts performing FMEA as weights. Implementing the SAM is of significance when operating fuzzy sets regarding the expert opinion and can confirm the concurrence of expert opinion. The GTM can perform defuzzification to obtain a crisp value from a fuzzy membership function and determine the priorities by considering the degree of relation and the form of a matrix and weights for the severity, occurrence, and detectability. The proposed models prioritize the failure modes of the rotorcraft landing system. The conventional FMEA and fuzzy rule base can set the same priorities. SAM and GTM can set different priorities with objectivity through weight setting.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.34-41
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• 1986

The ultrasonical characteristics of inclined planar reflectors is investigated by the maximum amplitude method. The reflected ultrasound is varied by the reflector size, shape, inclination and using transducers. It was found that the detecting ability for planar reflectors was decreased with increasing transducer size and misorientation angle and increased with decreasing ultrasonic frequency, also the misorientation angle of planar reflectors affected significantly for the measurement of refklector size.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2576-2581
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• 2003

We consider fault detection and isolation (FDI) problem for inertial navigation systems (INS) which use redundant inertial sensors and propose an FDI method using average of multiple parity vectors which reduce false alarm and wrong isolation, and improve correct isolation. We suggest optimal isolation threshold based on navigation performance, and suggest optimal sample number to obtain short detection time and to enhance detectability of faults little larger than threshold.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 1995년도 학술대회
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• pp.87-90
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• 1995

In this paper, we propose a new deinterlacing algorithm based on weighted wide vector correlations. This algorithm is developed mainly for the format conversion problem encountered in current HDTV system, but not limited to. By having wide vector correlations, visually annoying artifacts caused by interlacing, such as a serrate line, line crawling, a line flicker, and a large area flicker, can be remarkably reduced, since the use of wide vector correlation increases the detectability of edges in various orientations.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.715-717
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• 2008

The connectivity weighted Hough transform is a useful method for detecting well-connected short lines without generating false lines yet requires extensive computation. This letter describes a method that reduces the computation of the connectivity weighted Hough transform by removing unnecessary weight calculations using the gradient angles of feature points. In simulations with synthetic images and experiments with liquid crystal display panel images, the proposed method showed significantly improved speed without compromising detectability.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.163-171
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• 1998

터빈 디스크에서 발생하는 결함에 대한 초음파탐상기술을 확립하기 위하여 초음파탐촉자의 근/원거리 음장 및 지향성에 대하여 연구하였다. 영광원자력 LP터빈 No. 6 디스크와 동일하게 대비시험편을 제작하였고 터빈로타 디스크의 초음파탐상에 사용된 5MHz PZT 압전탐촉자의 직경에 따른 근/원거리 음장 및 지향성을 계산하고 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 쐐기와 디스크로 구성된 실험계에서 bore면에 깊이 2mm 및 4mm 인공결함을 지닌 시편과 직경이 0.5inch이고 중심 주파수 5MHz인 초음파탐촉자를 이용하여 계산 및 실험을 수행하였고 그 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. Keyway 영역에 발생한 결함의 탐상능력을 평가하기 위하여 내부의 53mm 및 75mm 지점에 초음파탐촉자를 두고서 $45^{\circ}$ 및 $90^{\circ}$ 경사각 초음파탐촉자를 설치한 경우를 가정하여 결함의 탐상영역을 결정하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2005

용접부 및 구조물에 발생된 결함의 깊이를 정밀하게 측정하기 위한 노력은 현재까지 계속되어 왔으며 앞으로도 계속되어야 할 연구분야중의 하나이다. TOFD 검사기법은 현재까지 결함의 깊이를 측정하기 위한 여러 가지 검사 방법중에 가장 정밀한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 사용하는 초음파 굴절각에 따른 빔의 도달범위에 의하여 결함을 놓칠 우려가 있다. 본 여구에서는 일반적인 TOFD 기법대신 위상배열 초음파 기법을 이용한 TOFD 검사를 적용하여 두께가 두꺼운 검사대상에 대하여 결함의 검출능 및 깊이 측정결과를 비교하였다. 위상배열 초음파를 이용한 TOFD 검사를 사용함으로써 다양한 결함에 대하여 검출능 및 정확한 깊이 측정이 가능함을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 위상배열 TOFD 기법은 발전설비의 압력용기와 같은 두꺼운 검사대상에 적용될 경우 검사 신뢰도 향상에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1984

The accuracy of liver scanning was evaluated in 124 cases with primary or metastatic liver tumors, including a few benign localized lesions and in 277 cases without such lesions. All findings were histologically verified by operation or autopsy. 1) Of the 124 cases with space occupying lesions(SOLs) in the liver, 92 cases were detected by liver scan(sensitivity 74.2%). And of the 277 cases without such lesions, 266 cases were evaluated as no SOLs(specificity 96.0%). The overall accuracy was 89.3%. 2) The authors evaluated the liver scan sensitivity in each of different diseases with SOLs. The sensitivity was 88.9% in primary liver carcinoma, 82.4% in primary liver carcinoma with cirrhosis, 88.7% in liver abscess, and 100% in hemangioma. The sensitivity was low in metastatic tumor(65.8%). 3) The sensitivity of the SOLs in the right lobe was 53.3% and left lobe 27.7%. In the interlobar area, detectability was 41.7%. 4) The authors compared the sensitivity of the liver scan with the size of the SOLs. The smaller the size of the SOLs, the lower the detectability. In the pachy lesions, the sensitivity was 46.6%.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

Since the sodium-cooled fast reactor is operated in a hostile environment due to the use of liquid sodium as its coolant, advanced techniques for in-service inspection are required to periodically verify the integrity of the reactor. This paper presents the development of in-service inspection techniques for Proto-type Generation IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor. First, the 10 m long plate-type ultrasonic waveguide sensor has been developed for in-service inspection of reactor internals, and its feasibility was verified through several under-water and under-sodium experiments. Second, the combined inspection system for in-service inspection of ferromagnetic steam generator tubes has been developed. The remote field eddy current testing and magnetic flux leakage testing can be conducted simultaneously by using the developed inspection system, and the detectability was demonstrated through several damage detection experiments. Finally, the electro-magnetic acoustic transducer which can withstand high temperature and be installable in the remote operated vehicle has been developed for in-service inspection of the reactor vessel, and its detectability was investigated through damage detection experiments.