• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2006

Saemangeum reclamation project was started in 1991 with the purpose of eco-friendly reclamation, but without clear definition of eco-friendliness. This study was carried out to find out the environmental indicators to define and evaluate the eco-friendliness of Saemangeum project. The methodology to identify the indicators included the analysis of similar reclamation projects, professional discussions, and Delphi survey. The eco-friendly indicators are theoretically based on the five elements of eco-friendliness; 1) resource consumption, 2) energy consumption, 3) pollution emission, 4) bio-diversity, 5) social amenity. The 69 indicators were explained in detail for the convenient use of the indicators by the potential users. The 69 indicators were classified into three categories such as pre-evaluation, process evaluation, and post-evaluation. In terms of spatial consideration, the 69 indicators were classified into two categories such as direct influence area and indirect influence area. Also the 69 indicators were classified into 7 categories: 1) sea, 2) lake, 3) agricultural land use, 4) industrial land use, 5) residential land use, 6) tourism land use, and 7) environmental land use. Twenty core indicators were selected from the 69 indicators by surveying the importance of each indicator. The core indicators are recommended in case of time and budget strain. When there are few quantitative data accumulated for the reclamation project, 5 macro indicators are recommended to be used. Macro indicators are qualitative in nature, and may be used in order to evaluate the overall eco-friendliness of a reclamation project.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2017

This study examined the stakeholder cognition of the safety certification marking system by surveying manufacturers, lessors, and users. In addition, among various issues about safety certification marking systems, the improvement of safety certification marking contents was suggested in order to guarantee quality of temporary equipments. The results by statistical method show that it is necessary to increase of users' understanding about the safety certification marking system. In addition, the quality management system of temporary equipments should be introduced to control the actual condition that temporary equipments of various product companies are mixed in a site during removal and reuse processes. For detailed marking contents, it is recommended that a certification mark, an identification number, and the production year should be displayed and the manufacturer name could be selectively presented. Detail informations such as a safety certification number, a product company, a model type or name, a specification, a weight, a product number, and the location of a certification mark should be identified by the identification number.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends after surveying Korean researches on writing classes of science and engineering college students. In this study, we reviewed the trends of the researches and summarized the fields of the journals. The contents of researches were classified into the general discussion on the science and engineering writing class and the discussion on the contents of education and the teaching methods. The flow of discussion about writing class was developed in detail closely related with characteristics of science and engineering discipline, composition of writing class, educational goal and curriculum of engineering education certification system. A number of researches have proposed contents and methods of education developed through the analysis of textbooks, school and case studies. It is necessary to develop active research on various perspectives and topics such as students, teachers, evaluation, and systems in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

There is no official landscape architectural organization in the current government organization in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the landscape architectural organization which will carry out the works of the special landscape architectural interest and create the new services with other interested government offices. The contents of the study are as follows; 1. A legal basis for the establishment of the landscape architectural organization is the demand for the introduction of the landscape architectural organization which has 5 types(urban planning, architecture, land register, land surveying, civil work) of the special groups to official organization by changing the 1 article of the Official Appointment Regulations. 2. Theories of law of equality for everyone(the Constitution of Korea : §11(1)), the rights of having pleasant residential life(the Constitution of Korea : §35(3)) and the national duty of employment increase(the Constitution of Korea : §32(1)) are reviewed to provide the legal reason of establishing the landscape architectural organization. 3. With the addition of new landscape architectural organization, it could expand the areas of landscape architects by adding of new landscape architectural subjects into official examinations for government employees. Also it is necessary to exempt the test for those who have licenses and to give additional points in evaluation their works at the end of year to the people who have licenses. 4. The reasons for the creation of new landscape architectural organization into the present official organization are acquired from the derivation of 23 present regulations referring to the landscape architects, the existence of the landscape architectural administrative departments belonging to the Metropolis of Seoul, and the favorable result of the questionnaire on the establishment of the new organization. Hereafter the lawyers should be cooperated with landscape architects to initiate the related principles of law, and it is necessary to analyze each text of the related laws in detail to establish the landscape architectural organization by means of the joint studies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.2 s.18
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

This study identifies various risk factors associated with activities of early construction stage, then establishes the Risk Breakdown Structure(RBS) by classifying the risks into the three groups; Common risks, risks for Earth works, and risks for Foundation works. The Common risks are identified and classified by considering various aspects of the early construction stage such as financial, political, constructional aspects, etc. The risks for Earth works and Foundation works are identified in detail by surveying technical specifications, relevant claim cases and interviewing with experts. These risks are classified based on the Wok Breakdown Structure(WBS) of the early construction stage. The WBS presented in this study classifies the works of early construction stage into four categories; excavation, sheeting works, foundation works, footing works. This study suggests a risk analysis method using fuzzy theory for construction projects. Construction risks are generally evaluated as vague linguistic value by subjective decision making. Fuzzy theory is a proper method to quantify vague conditions of construction activities. Therefore, this study utilizes fuzzy theory to analyse construction risks. The weight of risks is estimated by reflecting the interrelationship among risk factors from absolute weights obtained by fuzzy measure into the relative weights by Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). The interrelationship is estimated by Sugeno-fuzzy measure.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2007

This study was carried out to find the relationship between the eating disorder associated with BMI(body mass index) and nutrition knowledge by surveying 476 middle school girl students in Won Ju, Gang-Won Province, South Korea. BMI is a standard suggested for oriental people and it was differentiated into the underweight, the normal weight and the overweight. To determine the eating disorder, EAT-26(Eating Attitude Test-26) was used and in order to find out the level of nutrition knowledge DGE (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Ernahrung) was used after some modifications and supplementations. And the results are as follows; 1) Out of the students surveyed, 22% are in underweight group, 64% are in normal weight group and just 12% are in overweight group. Except the students in underweight group, most of the surveyed students wish to lower the weight below normal weight. 2) Relationship was found between BMI and EAT-26 score that is related with eating disorder behavior, Total score was higher in overweight group than in underweight and normal weight group (P<0.001). When the score for individual question about eating disorder is considered in detail, the score for the questions preoccupied with the weight reduction was higher in overweight group than in underweight and normal weight group(P<0.001). For the questions about bulimia there was no difference according to BMI, however, for the questions about restraining food intake the score was high in overweight group(P<0.001). 3) The score of nutrition knowledge in line with BMI was different. It was found that the total score and the score for the questions about fat, calorie requirement, and calorie content in food were different. The total score showed the highest in overweight group in comparison with the ones in underweight and normal weight group. (P<0.05). Out of maccronutrient like carbohydrate, fat and protein, only the fat showed significant difference according to BMI and it was lower in overweight group than in underweight and normal weight group.(P<0.05) Out of the questions about calorie requirement, significant difference was found in the score for the questions about calorie requirement and calorie content in food. It was lower in overweight group than in underweight and normal weight group (p<0.05).

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.113-122
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• 2010

Research and development related to advanced railway systems is currently underway presently to promote the maintenance and economic feasibility of subways, and the aim of such research and development is to enhance the functionality, passenger convenience, system safety and reliability assurance of the subway. In this situation, a study that predicts the effect that the development of such an advanced railway system would have on subway users is required. To this end, this study derived willingness to pay and decision factors with the introduction of an advanced railway system after surveying passengers who use subway lines 1~8. The Price Sensitivity Method (PSM) was applied to derive the willingness to pay in relation to user convenience (operating speed, ride comfort, safety, comfort, security and informativeness) with the introduction of an advanced railway system. In addition, willingness to pay and decision factors were examined after explaining the effects of introducing an advanced railway system in detail to subway users. Through the analysis, it was found that willingness to pay amounted to a premium of 148 won ~ 161 won with the introduction of an advanced railway system, and that this was affected by factors such as gender, frequency of use, satisfaction with comfort, and satisfaction with security.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2008

Landslide, one of the serious natural disasters, has Incurred a large loss of human and material resources. Recently, many forecasting or alarm systems based on various kinds of measuring equipment have been developed to reduce the damage of landslide. However, only a few of these equipments are guaranteed to evaluate the safety of whole side of land slope with their accessibility to the slope. In this study, we performed some experiments to evaluate the applicability of a terrestrial LiDAR as a surveying tool to measure the displacement of a land slope surface far a slope collapsing protection system. In the experiments, we had applied a slope stability method to a land slope and then forced to this slope with a load increasing step by step. In each step, we measured the slope surface with both a total station and a terrestrial LiDAR simultaneously. As the result of Slope Fracturing analysis using all targets, the LiDAR system showed that three was 1cm RMSE on X-axis, irregularity errors on Y-axis and few errors on Z-axis compare with Total Station. As the result of Slope Fracturing analysis using continuous targets, the pattern of Slope Fracturing was different according to the location of continuous targets and we could detect a continuous change which couldn't be found using Total station. The accuracy of the LiDAR data was evaluated to be comparable to that of the total station data. We found that a LiDAR system was appropriate to measuring the behaviour of land slope. The LiDAR data can cover the whole surface of the land slope, whereas the total station data are available on a small number of targets. Moreover, we extracted more detail information about the behavior of land slope such as the volume and profile changes using the LiDAR data.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.29-33
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• 2010

The purpose of LiDAR ground classification is to archive both goals which are acquiring confident ground points with high precision and describing ground shape in detail. In spite of many studies about developing optimized algorithms to kick out this, it is very difficult to classify ground points and describing ground shape by airborne LiDAR data. Especially it is more difficult in a dense forested area like Korea. Principle misclassification was mainly caused by complex forest canopy hierarchy in Korea and relatively coarse LiDAR points density for ground classification. Unfortunately, a lot of LiDAR surveying performed in summer in South Korea. And by that reason, schematic LiDAR points distribution is very different from those of Europe. So, this study propose enhanced ground classification method considering Korean land cover characteristics. Firstly, this study designate highly confident candidated LiDAR points as a first ground points which is acquired by using big roller classification algorithm. Secondly, this study applied weighted gradient kernel(WGK) algorithm to find and include highly expected ground points from the remained candidate points. This study methods is very useful for reconstruct deformed terrain due to misclassification results by detecting and include important terrain model key points for describing ground shape at site. Especially in the case of deformed bank side of river area, this study showed highly enhanced classification and reconstruction results by using WGK algorithm.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

This study is an attempt to provide fundamental information on how to manage menstruation discomforts by surveying the subjective viewpoint s on menstruation from female college students. Utilizing 40 Q-samples in Seoul between May 1 and June 30, 2001, data has been collected from 30 randomized P-samples. Data analysis involves the PC QUANL Program, Q-factor analysis, and Principal Component Analysis. The result of the data analysis gives four types of categorizat ion as follows : The first is the "inconvenience-recognizing" type that includes 10 subjects out of 30. During menstruation, this type of subject usually complained of physical discomfort such as pain in the lower back and abdomen. Even though they considered menstruation to be troublesome, they did nothing about the in convenience. The second is the "positively-accepting" type that includes 7 subjects out of 30. This type of subject takes menstruation as natural and even a privilege for a woman. They think they are blessed to conceive a new life through their biological cycle. Therefore unlike other types, they rarely complained of any physical and psychological discomfort caused by menstruation. The third is the "destined course" type that includes 6 subjects out of 30. This type of subject endures the discomfort caused by menstruation with out any medication or medical treatment. They appeared to take menstruation a s fate without having any specially negative or positive attitude. The fourth is the "negatively-accepting" type that includes 7 out 30. This type of subject takes menstruation as negative, even if it is unavoidable for a woman. Menstruation, very negatively taken, felt uncomfortable and caused them to have pain in the lower back and abdomen and an oversensitive nervous system. The four types of attitude towards menstruation show their own characteristic features in dealing with menstruation. Understanding these features in detail will enhance nursing implementation which is related to menstruation. This study is intended to provide fundamental information with which nurses can deal with menstruation problems by investigating subjective viewpoints about menstruation. This study is a stepping stone on which further study on this subject can build to develop an effective and efficient way to deal with menstruation discomforts.